Anti-inflammatory Activity of Detoxified Bacterial Strains in Wistar Rats

  • Sur, Tapas Kumar (Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research) ;
  • Auddy, Biswajit (Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research) ;
  • Mitra, Susil Kumar (Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research) ;
  • Sarkar, Dipak Kumar (Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research) ;
  • Bhattacharyya, Dipankar (Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research)
  • Received : 2010.03.16
  • Accepted : 2010.08.27
  • Published : 2010.09.30

Abstract

A mixture of several detoxified bacterial strains ($Sterodin^{(R)}$) has been studied for anti-inflammatory effect in Wistar rats on carrageenin, dextran and prostaglandin $E_1$ ($PGE_1$) induced edema in acute model and cotton pellet and carrageenin induced sub-acute model, while, Freund's adjuvant induced chronic model. The bacterial strains showed strong inhibitory activity in acute, sub-acute and chronic models of inflammation. Further, it reduced ${\alpha}1$ acid glycoprotein and ${\alpha}2$ macroglobulin levels in serum and prostaglandin $E_2$ in inflamed paw. These results indicated that the bacterial strains probably act through prostaglandin mediatory pathways and may be useful in treatment of inflammation.

Keywords

References

  1. Arunachalam, G., Chattopadhyay, D., Chatterjee, S., Mandal, A.B., Sur, T.K., and Mandal, S.C., Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Alstonia macrophylla Wall ex A. DC. leaf extract, Phytomed. 9, 632- 635 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1078/094471102321616445
  2. Auddy, B., Mitra, S., and Mukherjee, B., Pharmacological evaluation of proprietary preparation from bacterial metabolites with special reference to its immunomodulatory actions, Nat. Product Sci. 5, 7-11 (1999).
  3. Banerjee, S., Sur, T.K., Mondal, S., Das, P.C., and Sikdar, S., Assessment of the anti-inflammatory effects of Swertia chirata in acute and chronic experimental models in male albino rats, Ind. J. Pharmacol. 32, 21-24 (2000).
  4. Chattopadhyay, D., Arunachalam, G., Mandal, A.B., Sur, T.K., Mandal, S.C., and Bhattacharya, S.K., Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of folkore: Mallotus peltatus leaf extract, J. Ethnopharmacol. 82, 229-237 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00165-4
  5. CPCSEA guidelines for laboratory animal facility, Ind. J. Pharmacol. 35, 257-274 (2003).
  6. Dey Roy, P.P. and Ray, S., $Sterodin{\circledR}$ a novel immunostimulating drug: some toxicological and pharmacological evaluation in vivo, and druglipid interaction studies in vitro, Acta Pharm. 59, 325-334 (2009).
  7. D'Hinterland et al., Bacterial and synthetic polysaccharide immunomodulators that enhance general immunity, U.S. Pat. No. 4,734,403 (1988)
  8. Farmer, S.G. and Burch, R.M., Biochemical and molecular pharmacology of kinin receptors, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 32, 511-532 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.32.040192.002455
  9. Fauve, R.M. and Hevin, B., Immunostimulation with bacterial phospholipid extract, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 71, 573 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.71.2.573
  10. Gourine, A., Gourine, V.N., Tesfaigzi, Y., Caluwaerts, N., Leuven, F.V., and Kluger, M.J., Role of macroglobulin in fever and cytokine responses induced lipopolysaccharide in mice, Am. J. Physiol. Reg. Int. Comp. Physiol. 283, 218-225 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00746.2001
  11. Harada, Y., Hatanaka, K., Kawanura, M., Saito, M., Ogino, M., and Majima, M., Role of prostaglandinH synthase-2 in $prostaglandinE_{2}$ formation in rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy, Prostaglandins 51, 19- 33 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-6980(95)00168-9
  12. Hoffman, M. and Dutton, R.W., Immune response restoration with macrophage culture supernatant, Science (Was, D.C.), 172, 1047-1048 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.172.3987.1047
  13. Lowry, O.H., Rosenberg, N.J., Farr, A.l., and Randall, R.J., Protein measurement with folin-phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265-275 (1951).
  14. Mondal, S.C., Mohana, L.S., Ashok, C.K, Sur, T.K., and Boominathan, R., Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of Pavetta indica Linn. leaf extract (family:Rubiaceae) in rats, Phytother. Res. 17, 817-820 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1095
  15. Schoenborn, J.R. and Wilson, C.B., Regulation of interferon-gamma during innate and adaptive immune responses, Adv. Immunol. 96, 41- 101 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2776(07)96002-2
  16. Sudaroli, M. and Chatterjee, T.K., Evaluation of red and white seed extracts of Abrus precatorius Linn. against Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats, J Med. Plants Res. 4, 86-92 (2007).
  17. Sur, T.K., Biswas, T.K., Ali, L., and Mukherjee, B., Anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation activities of human placental extract, Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 24, 187-192 (2003).
  18. Sur, T.K., Pandit, S., Bhattacharyya, D., Ashok, C.K., Mohona, L.S., and Mandal, S.C., Studies on anti-inflammatory activity of Betula alnoides burk, Phytother. Res. 16, 669-671(2002). https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.942
  19. Sur, T.K., Seal, T., Pandit, S., and Bhattacharyya, D., Hypoglycemic properties of a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata Blume, Nat. Product Sci. 10, 11-15 (2004).
  20. Suttmann, H., Jacobsen, M., Reiss, K., Jocham, D., Böhle, A., and Brandau, S., Mechanisms of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin mediated natural killer cell activation, J. Urol. 172, 1490-1495 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000131944.52354.63
  21. Tonussi, C.R. and Ferreira, S.H., Mechanism of diclofenac analgesia: direct blockade of inflammatory sensitization, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 251, 173-179 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(94)90398-0
  22. Vane, J. and Booting, R., New insights into the mode of action of antiinflammatory drugs, Inflamm. Res. 44, 1-10 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01630479
  23. William, R.O., Paleolog, E., and Feldmann, M., Cytokine inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and other auto immune diseases, Curr. Opinion Pharmacol. 7, 412-417 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2007.06.001
  24. Willis, A.L. and Cornelsen, M., Repeated injection of prostaglandin E in rat paws induces chronic swelling and a marked decrease in pain threshold, Prostaglandins 3, 353-357 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-6980(73)90073-7
  25. Willoughby, D.A., Effects of prostaglandins PGF2 and PGE1 on vascular permeability, J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 96, 381-387 (1998).
  26. Winter, C.A., Risley, E.A., and Nuss, C.W., Carrageenin-induced oedema in hind paw of the rats as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 111, 544-547 (1962)
  27. Woessner, J.F., Determination of hydroxyproline in tissue and protein samples containing small proportion of this imino acid, Arch. Biochem. Biophy. 93, 440-447 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(61)90291-0
  28. Xing, Z., Jordana, M., Gauldie, J., and Wang, J., Current understanding of macrophage type1 cytokine responses during intracellular infections, Histol. Histopathol. 15, 199-205 (2000).