Cognitive Enhancing Activity of Betula platyphylla Sap in Scopolamine Induced Amnesic Mice

  • Received : 2010.01.22
  • Accepted : 2010.03.17
  • Published : 2010.03.31

Abstract

Cognitive enhancing activity of Betula plantyphylla sap was determined in scopolamine induced amnesic mice using passive avoidance test. Oral acute administration of the sap effectively reversed memory deficit in a dose dependent manner. Then the sap was standardized on the basis of sugar contents using HPLC combined with refractive index detector. Glucose and fructose were the main sugars present in the sap.

Keywords

References

  1. Bartus, R.T., Dean, R.L., Beer, B., and Lippa, A.S., The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction. Science 217, 408-414 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7046051
  2. Begar, C., Wang, R.H., and Weinstock, M., Effect of rivastigmine on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 383, 231-240 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00643-3
  3. Clement, A., Yong, D., and Brechet, C., Simultaneous identification of sugars by HPLC using evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and refractive index detection (RI). J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 15, 805-817 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079208018836
  4. Collerton, D., Cholinergic function and intellectual decline in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 19, 1-28 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(86)90002-3
  5. Drozdova, G., Demurov, E., Bakhilov, V., and Frolov, V., Some aspects of pharmacological activity of birch sap and birch drug-preparations, Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on sap utilization (ISSU) in Bifuka '95, Hokkaido University Press, Hokkaido, Japan, pp. 85-89 (1995).
  6. Francis, P.T., Webster, M.T., Chessell, I.P., Holmes, C., Stratmann, G.C., Procter, A.W., Cross, A.J., Green, A.R., and Bowen, B.M., Neurotransmitters and second messengers in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 695, 19-26 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb23021.x
  7. Kang, S.Y., Lee, K.Y., Park, M.J., Kim, Y.C., Markelonis, G.J., Oh, T.H., and Kim, Y.C., Decursin from Angelica gigas mitigates amnesia induced by scopolamine in mice. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 79, 11-18 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7427(02)00007-2
  8. Messier, C., Glucose improvement of memory: a review. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 490. 33-57 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.043
  9. Micheau, J., Messier, C., and Jaffard, R., Glucose enhancement of scopolamine-induced increase of hippocampal high-affinity choline uptake in mice: relation to plasma glucose levels. Brain Res. 685, 99-104 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)00415-M
  10. Misane, I. and Ogren, S.O., Selective 5-HT (1A) antagonists WAY 100635 and NAD-299 attenuate the impairment of passive avoidance caused by scopolamine in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 28, 253- 264 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300024
  11. Perry, E.K., Tomlinson, B.E., Blessed, G., Bergman, K., Gibson, P.H., and Perry, R.H., Correlation of cholinergic abnormalities with senile plaques and mental test scores in senile dementia. Br. Med. J. 2, 1457-1459 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6150.1457
  12. Rubaj, A., Zgodzinski, W., and Sieklucka-Dziuba, M., The influence of adenosine A3 receptor agonist: IB-MECA, on scopolamine- and MK- 801-induced memory impairment. Behav. Brain Res. 141, 11-17 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00314-5
  13. Terazawa, M., Shirakamba birch, splendid forest biomass: Potential of living tree tissues, Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on sap utilization (ISSU) in Bifuka '95, Hokkaido University Press, Hokkaido, Japan, pp. 7-12 (1995).
  14. Vonach, R., Lendl, B., and Kellner, R., Hyphenation of ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography with Fourier transform infrared detection for the determination of sugars in nonalcoholic beverages. Anal. Chem. 69, 4286-4290 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1021/ac970307p
  15. Wilcock, G.K., Esiri, M.M., Bowen, D.M., and Smith, C.C.T., Alzheimer's disease: correlation of cortical choline acetylcholinesterase activity with the severity of dementia and histological abnormalities. J. Nerurol. Sci. 57, 407-417 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510X(82)90045-4
  16. Yoon, S.L. and Jo, J.S., Sap utilization and sap tapping species in Korea, Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on sap utilization (ISSU) in Bifuka '95, Hokkaido University Press, Hokkaido, Japan, pp. 29-36 (1995).