Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지

Characteristics of Seed Production of Viola rossii, V. japonica and V. dissecta var. chaerophylloides

고깔제비꽃, 왜제비꽃, 남산제비꽃의 종자 생산 특징

  • Hong, Hang-Hwa (Institute of Plant Resources, Chonnam National University)
  • 홍행화 (전남대학교 자원식물연구소)
  • Received : 2009.07.20
  • Accepted : 2009.08.28
  • Published : 2009.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was about three genus of Viola: V. rossii, V. japonica, and V. dissecta var. chaerophylloides which can live together under a deciduous forest canopy. The aim of the study was to directly compare reproductive characteristics of the three species under the same environmental condition. By taking a census of the morphologically different flowers, the results indicate that all three species opened chasmogamous flowers before the canopy of forest closed, but continuously opened cleistogamous flowers after the canopy closed. Numbers of seeds in a capsule followed an ascending order from V. rossii to V. japonica. Mass of seeds followed a descending order from V. rossii to V. japonica. Both results had statistical significance. In terms of characteristics of seed production, V. rossii has been adapted more than V. japonica, and V. dissecta var. chaerophylloides under the deciduous forest.

본 연구에서는 낙엽수림 지역에 혼재하고 있는 제비꽃 속 중 고깔제비꽃, 왜제비꽃, 남산제비꽃의 생육기간 중 개화 시기와 생식 방법에 따른 종자의 생산량 등을 조사하고 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 3종 모두 수관이 폐쇄되기 전의 짧은 기간 동안 개화 시기에 미세한 차이를 두고 개방화를 생성하였고, 폐쇄화는 수관이 폐쇄된 이후에도 지속적으로 생성되었다. 삭과 한 개당 종자 수는 고깔제비꽃<남산제비꽃<왜제비꽃 순서였고, 종자 무게는 고깔제비꽃>남산제비꽃>왜제비꽃 순서로 종간과 생식 방법에 따라 유의적으로 차이가 있었다. 세 종의 종자 생산 특성을 비교해보면 고깔제비꽃이 왜제비꽃이나 남산제비꽃보다 본 조사지와 같은 낙엽활엽수림에 적응도가 큰 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 기상월보. 1994. 광주지방 기상청 월별 기상자료. 기상청
  2. 기상월보. 1995. 광주지방 기상청 월별 기상자료. 기상청
  3. 민병미. 2003. 현호색속 Pes-gallinaceua절 집단의 종자생산. 한국생태학회지. 26:189-196 https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2003.26.4.189
  4. 河野昭一. 1984. 雜草の個體群統計學. In 植物の生活史と進化. 東京
  5. Crawley MJ. 1997. Life History and Environment. pp.73-131. In Plant Ecology, second edition (Crawley MJ ed.). Blackwell Science, MA
  6. Culley MT. 2002. Reproductive biology and delayed selfing in Viola pubescens (Violaceae), an understory herb with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. Int. J. Plant Sci. 163:113-122 https://doi.org/10.1086/324180
  7. Cullery MT. and MR Klooster. 2007. The cleistogamous breeding system: a review of its frequency, evolution, and ecology in angiosperms. The Botanical Review 73:1-30 https://doi.org/10.1663/0006-8101(2007)73[1:TCBSAR]2.0.CO;2
  8. Darwin C. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species. Appleton, New York, NY
  9. Harper JL. 1977. The population biology of plants. Academic Press, New York, NY
  10. Jensen K and C Meyer. 2001. Effects of light competition and litter on the performance of Viola palustris and on species compositions and diversity of an abandoned fen meadow. Plant Ecology. 155:169-181 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013270628964
  11. Le Corff J. 1993. Effects of light and nutrient availability on chasmogamy and cleistogamy in understory tropical herbs, Calathea micans (Marantaceae). Ame. J. Bot. 80:1392-1993 https://doi.org/10.2307/2445667
  12. Lloyd DG. 1984. Variation strategies in heterogeneous environments. Biological Journal of The Linnean Society 21:357-385 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb01600.x
  13. Lloyd DG. 1987. Allocation to pollen, seeds and pollination mechanism in self-fertilizing plants. Funct. Ecol. 1:83-39 https://doi.org/10.2307/2389709
  14. Marshall LD. 1986. Effect of seed size on seedling success in three species of sesbania (Fabaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 73:457-464 https://doi.org/10.2307/2444249
  15. Molau U. 1993. Reproductive ecology of the three Nordic Pinguicula species (Lentibulariaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 13:149-157 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1993.tb00025.x
  16. Primack RB. 1987. Relationships among flowers, fruits, and seeds. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18:409-430 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002205
  17. Schemske DW. 1978. Evolution of reproductive characteristics in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) : The significance of cleistogamy and chasmogamy. Ecology 55:596-613
  18. Schoen DJ. and DG Lloyd. 1984. The selection of cleistogamy and heteromorphic diaspores. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 23:303-322 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00147.x
  19. Solbrig OT., Sandra J. Newell and DT Kincaid. 1980. The population biology of the genus Viola. I. The demography of Viola sororia. J. Ecol. 68:521-546 https://doi.org/10.2307/2259420
  20. Whittaker RH. 1975. Communities and Ecosystems, second edition. Macmillan, New York