Effect of Crosslinking Agents on the Morphology of Polymer Particles Produced by One-Step Seeded Polymerization

  • Kim, Dong-Hee (Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Lee, Do-Yang (Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Lee, Kang-Seok (Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Choe, Soon-Ja (Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University)
  • Published : 2009.04.25

Abstract

One-step seeded polymerization was used to prepare $7{\sim}10{\mu}m$ of crosslinked monodisperse spheres with four crosslinking agents using $4.68{\mu}m$ poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) seed particles in aqueous-alcoholic media in the absence of the swelling process. The crosslinking agents used were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA), allyl methacrylate(AMA), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate(HDDA) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate(TMPTMA). The effects of the type and concentration of the crosslinking agents on the swelling, pore size, thermal property of the networks and morphology of the particles were studied. The chemical structures and concentrations of the crosslinking agents affected both the swelling ratio and the porosity of the networks. In addition, the chemistry of the reactive vinyl group and chain length of the crosslinking agents affected the stability of the monodisperse particles of the ultimate morphology.

Keywords

References

  1. Q. C.Wang, K. Hosoya, F. Svec, and J. M. J. Frechet, Anal. Chem., 11, 1232 (1993)
  2. B. Gong, G. Yuehua, and X. Geng, J. Lip. Chromatography, 26, 963 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120018896
  3. G. Bolin, W. Lili, W. Chaozhan, and G. J. Xindu, Chromatogr. A, 1022, 33 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.09.063
  4. M. Khorram, E. Vasheghani-Farahani, E. Ebrahim, and G. Nadereh, Iran Polym. J., 12, 315 (2003)
  5. P. J. Dowding and B. Vincent, Colloid Surface A, 161, 259 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(99)00375-1
  6. H. Warson, H. In. Warson, and C. A. Finch, Eds., Applications of synthetic resin lattices, Wiley, Chichester, 2001
  7. S. Han, K. Lee, S. E. Shim, P. J. Saikia, S. Choe, and I. Cheong, Macromol. Res., 15, 403 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03218806
  8. C. K. Ober, K. P. Lok, and M. L. Hair, J. Polym. Sci. Part C: Polym. Lett. Ed., 23, 103 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.130230209
  9. H. Namgoong, D. J. Woo, and S. H. Lee, Macromol. Res., 15, 633 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03218943
  10. J. Ugelstad, Macromol. Chem., 179, 815 (1978) https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.1978.021790323
  11. A. M. Lovelace, J. W. Vanderhoff, F. J. Micale, M. S. El-Aasser, and D. M. Kornfeld, J. Coating Technol., 54, 691 (1982)
  12. H. R. Sheu, M. S. El-Aasser, and J. W. Vanderhoff, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 28, 653 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280315
  13. C. M. Cheng, J. W. Vanderhoff, and M. S. El-Aasser, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 30, 245 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300209
  14. M. Okubo and T. Nakagawa, Colloid Polym. Sci., 270, 853 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00657729
  15. Y. Kucuk, A. Kuyulu, and O. Okay, Polym. Bull., 35, 511 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00297619
  16. F. Svec and J. Frechet, Macromolecules, 28, 7580 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00126a044
  17. D. Horak, F. Sendnickly, and M. Bleha, Polymer, 37, 4243 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(96)00259-5
  18. H. Kuroda, Eur. Polym. J., 20, 57 (1995)
  19. C. Sayil and O. Okay, Polymer, 42, 7639 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00279-8
  20. C. Sayil and O. Okay, Polym. Bull., 48, 499 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-002-0065-4
  21. O. Okay and T. Balkas, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 31, 1785 (1986) https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310623
  22. O. Okay and C. Gurun, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 46, 421 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460307
  23. O. Okay, E. Soner, A. Gungor, and T. Balkas, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 30, 2065 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300523
  24. J. Seidl, J. Malinsky, K. Dusek, and W. Heitz, Adv. Polym. Sci., 5, 113 (1967) https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0051281
  25. O. Okay, Prog. Polym. Sci., 25, 711 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(00)00015-0
  26. I. Segall, M. S. Dimonie, M. S. El-Aasser, P. R. Soskey, and S. G. Mylonakis, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 58, 401 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580219
  27. M. P. Merkel, V. L. Dimonie, M. S. El-Aasser, and J. W. Vanderhoff, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 25, 1755 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250705
  28. A. Arora, E. S. Daniels, M. S. El-Aasser, G. W. Simmons, and A. Miller, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 58, 313 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580211
  29. T. I. Min, S. Klein, M. S. El-Aasser, and J. W. Vanderhoff, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 21, 2845 (1983)
  30. J. M. Lee, P. J. Saikia, K. Lee, and S. Choe, Macromolecules, 41, 2037 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1021/ma071719v
  31. I. Poinescu, V. Popescu, and A. Carpov, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 135, 21 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051350103
  32. S. Shim, S. Yang, and S. Choe, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 42, 835 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.11028
  33. M. Ha, K. Lee, and S. Choe, Polymer, 49, 4592 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.013
  34. J. Jin, K. Lee, and S. Choe, Macromol. Res., in press
  35. J. E. Rosenberg and P. Flodin, Macromolecules, 19, 1543 (1986) https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00160a011
  36. O. H. Kim, K. Lee, K. Kim, and S. Choe, Colloid Polym. Sci., 284, 909 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-006-1464-0
  37. B. Jasse, A. K. Oultache, H. Mounach, J. L. Halary, and L. Monnerie, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 34, 2007 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19960915)34:12<2007::AID-POLB6>3.0.CO;2-W
  38. W. P. Hsu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 81, 3190 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1772
  39. M. Akira, K. Kunihiro, and A. Hiroyuki, Eur. Polym. J., 35, 1509 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(98)00216-X