대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
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이주, 젠더, 스케일: 페미니스트 이주 연구의 새로운 지형과 쟁점

Migration, Gender and Scale: New Trends and Issues in the Feminist Migration Studies

  • 발행 : 2008.12.31
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초록

본 연구는 페미니스트 이주연구의 화두인 '이주의 여성화' 에 내포된 스케일 이슈를 각종 문헌을 통해 분석하였다. 젠더선별적인 접근을 필요로 하는 페미니스트 이주연구는 거시적 스케일에서 뿐만 아니라 미시적 스케일에서 형성되는 젠더관계와 다양한 스케일에서의 과정이 상호 접목되는 양상을 분석할 것을 요구한다. 기존의 이주연구가 국가별 수준에서, 젠더요인에 대한 피상적 고려에 그친 것을 비판하면서, 페미니스트 접근은 지구적인 노동의 성별분업, 초국가적 가족연계망, 이주여성의 몸과 가정을 통해 이루어지는 재생산을 통해 역동적으로 재구성되는 젠더관계를 주요 연구주제로 상정한다. 최근 국제거 주요 주체로 부상하고 있는 이주여성은 국경과 공적 사적 영역을 넘나들며 근대적 젠더관계와 그 경계를 교란하고 있다. 이들의 경계넘기의 젠더정치학은 다양한 스케일의 창출을 수반하는 스케일의 정치로 이해될 수 있다. 특히 개인의 증대된 에이전시와 가족관계망의 초국가적 확장을 통한 국제이주의 증가는 이주여성들에 의한 초국가적 스케일의 생성인 동시에 아래로부터의 세계화의 전형을 보여준다. 본 연구는 페미니스트 이주 문헌에서 나타나는 스케일에 대한 오해를 시정하고 페미니스트 지리학의 연구 성과를 접목하여 양 학문분야의 의사소통을 증진하고자 한다.

This study examines scale issues in the contemporary feminist migration literature. Scale appears as important, yet poorly understood concept in this field of study. The increasing attention to the feminization of migration requires not only gendered, but also scalar-sensitive approaches. Feminists criticize the conventional approach to the migration as a gender-blind approach that privileges national scale around which migration processes are organized. Claiming multiscalar and interscalar analyses, they propose investigations ranging from macro to micro processes which include globalized gendered division of labor, transnational family networks, and reproduction which takes place in and through the bodies and homes of migrant women. The migrant women, the major actors in recent transnational migration, cross various borders: the national boundaries and the public and private divides, in particular. This crossover can unsettle patriarchal gender relations which have been established based on the physical and symbolic division of nation-states and public/private spheres. Blurring these divisions accompanies social construction of various scales. The transnational family networks of migrant women, for example, show the construction of a transnational scale by migrant women as well as globalization from below. This paper points out misunderstandings of scale in the feminist migration literature and attempts to fill the gaps by introducing the meanings and implications of scales developed mostly by feminist geographers. In so doing, it promotes the interdisciplinary communication.

키워드

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