A Study to Determine the Degree of Difficulties with the Excavation of Corestone Weathering Profiles

핵석지반에서의 굴착난이도 평가방법 연구

  • 이수곤 (서울시립대학교 공과대학 토목공학과) ;
  • 이벽규 ((주)새터기술) ;
  • 김민성 (서울시립대학교 공과대학 토목공학과)
  • Published : 2007.03.30

Abstract

This paper intends to introduce more objective and qualitative rock mass classification method easily applicable to the excavation of gneissic masses showing corestone weathering profiles. It is proven that corestone weathering profile could be divided with reasonable accuracy into digging, ripping and blasting layers using visual and simple mechanical techniques such as Schmidt hammer rebound test on cut slopes, taking into consideration strength and spacial distribution of corestone, workability and work efficiency of excavation. Also, seismic refraction surveys were employed for shallow investigations (down to $20{\sim}30m$ depth) in corestone weathering profile and conducted across the top of vertical exposures where the underlying geology could be directly inspected. Some discrepancies ($3{\sim}4m$ in average and 6 m occasionally) between the actual and assumed materials with respect to seismic velocities were observed. Thus it can be concluded that field geotechnical mapping and field seismic test should be used together in order to get a relatively good accuracy in assessing likely excavation conditions of corestone weather-ing profiles.

일반적으로 지반의 굴착난이도를 평가하기 위한 간단한 방법은 지반 내에 분포하는 암석강도와 절리발달빈도를 고려하는데, 이 방법은 핵석 풍화단면에 그대로 적용할 수가 없다. 그러므로 암석강도와 절리발달빈도 뿐만 아니라, 핵석의 분포상태 및 분포비율, 굴착의 공사가능성, 굴착의 효율성들을 모두 종합하여서 판단하여야 비교적 정확하게 굴착난이도 추정이 가능하다. 굴착난이도를 판단하는 가장 좋은 방법으로 알려진 현장에서의 탄성파탐사 측정방법은 실제로 현장에서 육안으로 지질 상태를 확인한 결과와 차이가 심하다. (평균 $3{\sim}4m$, 최대 6m 차이) 그러므로 육안관찰과 현장탄성파탐사 방법은 모두 장단점이 있으므로 핵석지질에서 보다 정확하게 굴착난이도를 추정하고자 하면, 현장에서 지질 상태를 육안으로 관찰하고 동시에 현장 탄성파탐사를 모두 사용하여서 그 결과들을 종합하여 굴착난이도를 분석하고 적용하여야 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. 백동현, 2003, 핵석을 포함하는 암반과 토층의 파괴강도 특성 연구, 서울시립대학교 산업대학원 공학석사학위논문, 60p
  2. 이수곤, 1999, 서울 무악재 절취사면에서의 암판정 연구, 터널과 지하공간, 한국암반공학회, 9, 158-167
  3. 이수곤, 이송, 1994, 1994년도 학술발표회 논문집(I) 구조/토질및기초편, 절취공사시의 암판정 방법 연구, 74-77
  4. 이수곤, 이송, 1995, 슈미트해머 수치를 이용한 한국 화강암의 일축압축강도 추정방법, 대한토목학회논문집, 199-210
  5. 전인식, 2001, 건설표준품셈, 건설연구사, 110p
  6. Akinson, T, 1971, Selection of open pit excavation and loading equipment, Trans. Inst. Min. Metal., 80, Section A-Mining Industry, A101-129
  7. Dobrin, M. B., 1981, Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, 301-303
  8. Durgin, P. B., 1977, Landslides and the weathering of granitic rocks, Reviews in engineering geology, 3, 127-13l
  9. Franklin, J. A., Brock, E., and Walton, G., 1971, Logging the mechanical character of rock, Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., 80, Section A-Mining Industry, AI-9
  10. Gamon, T. I. and Finn, R. P., 1984, Simplified descriptive scheme and classification system for the logging of cut slope faces, In: Hawkins, A.B. (ed), Site Investigation Practice: Assessing BS 5930, Geological Society Engineering Geological Special Publication, 2, 238-248
  11. Goodman, R. E., 1993, Engineering Geology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 215-250
  12. Heiland, C. A., 1968, Geophysical Exploration, Hafner, London
  13. Hencher, S. R., 2004, Weathering and erosion processes in rocks-implications for geotechnical engineering, Proceedings of the Symposium on Hong Kong Soils and Rocks, Hong Kong, 29-79
  14. Hencher, S. R. and Martin, R. P., 1982, The description and classification of weathered rocks in Hong Kong for engineering purposes, In: Proceedings of the 7th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Hong Kong, 1, 125-142
  15. International Society For Rock Mechanics, 1978a, Suggested methods for determining sound velocity, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 15, 53-58 https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(78)91678-9
  16. International Society For Rock Mechanics, 1978b, Suggested methods for determining the uniaxial compressive strength and deformability of rock materials, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 16(2), 135-140
  17. International Society For Rock Mechanics, 1978c, Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 15, 319-368 https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(78)91472-9
  18. Lee, S. G., 1987, Weathering and geotechnical characterization of Korean granites, PhD thesis, Imperial College, University of London
  19. Lee, S. G. and de Freitas, M. H., 1989, A revision of the description and classification of weathered granite and its application to granites in Korea, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 22, 31-48 https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1989.022.01.03
  20. Lee, S. G. and deFreitas, M. H., 1990, Seismic refraction surveys for predicting the intensity and depth of weathering and fracturing in granitic massed, In: Bell, E G., Culshaw, M. G, Cripps, J. C., and Coffey, J. R. (eds.), Field Testing in Engineering Geology, Geological Society Engineering Geological Special Publication, 6, 246-256
  21. Moye, D. G., 1955, Engineering geology for the Snowy Mountains scheme, Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Australia, 27, 281-299
  22. Norbury, D. R., Cjild, G. H., and Spink, T. w., 1986, A critical review of Section 8 (BS.5930)- soil and rock description. In: Hawkins, A.B. (ed.), Site Investigation Practice: Assessing BS 5930. Geological Society Engineering Geological Special Publication, 2, 353-367
  23. Ruddock, E. C., 1967, Residual soils of the Kumasi District in Ghana, Geotechnique, 17, 359-377 https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1967.17.4.359
  24. Ruxton, B. P. and Berry, L., 1957, Weathering of granite and associated erosional features in Hong Kong, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 68, 1263-1292 https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[1263:WOGAAE]2.0.CO;2
  25. Ryan, R. J., O'Beime-Ryan, A. M., Zentilli, M, 2005, Rounded cobbles that have not travelled far: incorporation of corestones from saprolites in the South Mountain area of southern Nova Scotia, Canada, sedimentology, 52, 1109-1121 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00730.x
  26. Shaw, R., 1997. Variation in sub-tropical deep weathering profiles over the Kowloon Granite, Hong Kong, Journal of the Geological Society, London, 154, 1077-1085 https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.154.6.1077
  27. Smith, H. J., 1986, Estimating rippability by rock mass classification, Proc. 27th U.S. Symp. Rock Mech., Tuscallosa, Ala., 443-448