The Application of the Forensic Dental Identification to Unidentified Individual Remains in Korea

신원불명 사망자의 개인식별에서 법치의학적 방법의 활용성에 관한 연구

  • Park, Hee-Kyung (Section of Forensic Dentistry, Department of Forensic Medicine National Institute of Scientific Investigation)
  • 박희경 (국립과학수사연구소 법의학과 법치의학실)
  • Published : 2006.03.30

Abstract

The cases of unidentified individual remains submitted to Forensic dentistry section in National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Korea were analyzed to study the application of forensic dental identification into individual identification in the period 2002-2005. The identification cases of unidentified remains were 405 out of 493, which accounted about 82% of whole cases. The incidence of submission of skeletons at least including the skull was increased from 58% in 2002 to 80% in 2005. The numbers of cases for the full examinations were 4 times more than that for age estimation in 2005. Twenty-four cases were submitted for skull to photographic superimposition and 15 out of 24 cases were examined, and the other 9 cases were examined by DNA analysis only. The submitted cases for dental comparison were 23 cases, 9 cases were positively identified, 4 cases were possible, 7 cases were excluded, and 3 cases ended up with insufficient evidences. The proportion of positive identification by dental methods was increased gradually from 9% in 2002 to 46% in 2005. Forensic dental identification has become important and useful because the availability of dental records and radiographs has been increasing. Compared to DNA analysis, forensic dental identification has several advantages such as no needs for high cost equipments and low expenses. And the interpretation of results is straightforward and speedy. These advantages are based on using primary their own dental records of the individuals rather than secondary DNA reference samples from family members. The application of the forensic dental identification to unidentified individual remains will be increased because the dental comparison can complement the limitation of DNA analysis and skull to photographic superimposition in many cases. In order to obtain positive identifications of unidentified remains, a close collaboration between the police and forensic scientists is important. The systemic approach including legislation to preserve dental records of unidentified remains and missing persons for the identification of unidentified remains should be needed.

개인식별에서 치과적 방법의 유용성과 중요도에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서 개인의 신원확인을 위하여 법치의학적 방법을 이용한 포괄적 자료에 대하여는 발표된 예가 드물다. 본 논문은 2002년에서 2005년까지 국립과학수사연구소 법치의학실로 의뢰된 신원불상 변사자의 개인식별건을 분석하여 법치의학적 방법의 활용성에 대하여 연구하였다. 그 결과 4년 동안 법치의학실로 의뢰된 신원불상 변사자 관련 개인식별 건은 405건으로 전체 의뢰 493건의 약 82%에 이르렀다. 두개골을 비롯한 유골이 전체 의뢰되는 건과 치아나 상, 하악만으로 연령감정을 의뢰한 건은 각각 2002년에 58건과 42건, 2003년에 52건과 37건, 2004년에 91건과 27건, 2005년에 78건과 20건이었다. 2005년에는 개인식별을 위해 유골 전체에 대한 종합적 검사를 의뢰하는 건이 연령감정만 의뢰하는 건보다 4배에 이르렀다. 두개골과 사진을 겹치는 중첩법에 의한 동일인 식별은 접수된 24건 중 15건에서 활용되었고 나머지 9건에서는 유전자 검사로만 결과가 판정되었다. 법치의학적 방법에 의한 개인식별을 위하여 23건이 접수되었으며, 그 결과 9건이 동일인으로 판정되었고, 7건은 배제되었으며, 동일인으로 추정되는 4건에서는 유전자 검사 결과로 보완되어 확인되었으며, 3건은 의뢰된 자료가 충분하지 않았다. 법치의학적 방법에 의하여 신원이 확인된 신원불상 변사자 수는 2002년 9%에서 2005년 46%로 증가되었다. 개인식별에 있어서 법치의학적 방법은 지문이나 유전자검사와는 달리 일반인과 경찰에 비교적 덜 알려진 측면이 있으나, 점차 중요성에 대한 인식이 높아지고 있다. 치과기록이나 방사선 사진 등에 관한 정보가 잘 보존됨으로써 법치의학적 개인식별의 활용성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 유전자처럼 혈연 관계를 증명하는 것이 아니라 본인의 기록으로 남아있는 자료에 대한 비교 분석이기 때문에 분석이 용이하고 신속하며, 유전자 검사에 비해 고가의 장비를 필요로 하지 않고 비용이 저렴하다는 장점이 있다. 또한 뼈 조직이나 조직이 부패되어 핵 유전자의 추출이 어려울 때 이용되는 미토콘드리아 유전자의 개인식별률이 높지 않은 단점을 보완할 수 있다. 그러므로 개인식별에 있어서 유전자 분석과 두개골 사진 중첩법의 단점을 극복할 수 있는 법치의학적 방법의 활용성과 중요도는 더 증가될 것이다. 향후 개인식별률을 높이기 위하여 경찰과 법의학자와의 긴밀한 협조가 중요하며, 가출자와 실종자의 치과기록과 변사자의 치아기록을 전산자료화 할 수 있도록 관련 법과 체계의 확립이 시급한 실정이다.

Keywords

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