Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society (천문학회지)

The Korean Astronomical Society (한국천문학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

GRAPE AND PROJECT MILKYWAY

  • Published : 2005.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We overview the GRAPE (GRAvity piPE) project. The goal of the GRAPE project is to accelerate the astrophysical N-body simulations. Since almost all computing time is spent for the evaluation of the gravitational force between particles, we can greatly accelerate many N-body simulations by developing a specialized hardware for the force calculation. In 1989, the first such hardware, GRAPE-1, was completed, with the peak speed of 120 Mflops. In 2003, GRAPE-6 was completed, with the peak speed of 64 Tflops, which is nearly 106 times faster than GRAPE-l and was the fastest computer at that time. In this paper, we review the basic concept of the GRAPE hardwares, the history of the GRAPE project, and two ongoing projects, GRAPE-DR and Project Milkyway.

Keywords

References

  1. Bakker, A. F., & Bruin, C., 1988, in Special Purpose Computers, ed. B. J. Alder (San Diego: Academic Press), 183-232
  2. Barnes, J., & Hut, P., 1986, Nature, 324, 446 https://doi.org/10.1038/324446a0
  3. Cohn, H., 1979, ApJ , 234, 1036 https://doi.org/10.1086/157587
  4. Einsel, C., & Spurzem, R. 1999, MNRAS, 302, 81 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02083.x
  5. Fine, R., Dimmler, G., & Levinthal, C., 1991, PROTEINS:Structure, Function, and Genetics, 11, 242 https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.340110403
  6. Fukushige, T., Ito, T., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., Sugimoto, D., & Umemura, M., 1991, PASJ, 43, 841
  7. Fukushige, T., Taiji, M., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., & Sugimoto, D., 1996, ApJ , 468, 51 https://doi.org/10.1086/177668
  8. Funato, Y., Makino, J., & Ebisuzaki, T., 1992, PASJ, 44, 613
  9. Greengard, L., & Rokhlin, V., 1987, Journal of Computational Physics, 73, 325 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(87)90140-9
  10. Hut, P., & Makino, J., eds., 2003, Astrophysical Supercomputing using Particle Simulations (San Francisco: ASP)
  11. Ito, T., Ebisuzaki, T., Makino, J., & Sugimoto, D., 1991, PASJ, 43, 547
  12. Ito, T., Fukushige, T., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., Okumura, S. K., Sugimoto, D., Miyagawa, H., & Kitamura, K., 1994, PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Genetics, 20, 139 https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.340200204
  13. Ito, T., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., & Sugimoto, D., 1990, Computer Physics Communications, 60, 187 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(90)90003-J
  14. Kawai, A., Fukushige, T., Makino, J., & Taiji, M., 2000, PASJ, 52, 659 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/52.4.659
  15. Makino, J., 1991, PASJ, 43, 621 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430401
  16. Makino, J., Fukushige, T., Koga, M., & Namura, K., 2003, PASJ, 55, 1163 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/55.6.1163
  17. Makino, J., Fukushige, T., Okumura, S. K., & Ebisuzaki, T., 1993, PASJ, 45, 303
  18. Makino, J., & Taiji, M., 1998, Special Purpose Computers for Scientific Simulations-The GRAPE systems (Chichester: John Wiley and Sons)
  19. Makino, J., Taiji, M., Ebisuzaki, T., & Sugimoto, D., 1997, ApJ , 480, 432 https://doi.org/10.1086/303972
  20. Narumi, T., Susukita, R., Ebisuzaki, T., McNiven, G., & Elmegreen, B., 1999, Molecular Simulation, 21, 401 https://doi.org/10.1080/08927029908022078
  21. Okumura, S. K., Ebisuzaki, T., & Makino, J., 1991, PASJ, 43, 781
  22. Okumura, S. K., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., Fukushige, T., Ito, T., Sugimoto, D., Hashimoto, E., Tomida, K., & Miyakawa, N. 1993, PASJ, 45, 329 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070450019
  23. Steinmetz, M., 1996, MNRAS, 278, 1005 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/278.4.1005
  24. Taiji, M., Narumi, T., Ohno, Y., Futatsugi, N., Suenaga, A., Takada, N., & Konagaya, A., 2003, in The SC2003 Proceedings (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE), CD-ROM
  25. Takahashi, K., 1996, PASJ, 48, 691 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/48.5.691
  26. Umemura, M., Fukushige, T., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., Sugimoto, D., Turner, E. L., & Loeb, A., 1993, PASJ, 45, 311

Cited by

  1. 2D Fokker-Planck models of rotating clusters vol.373, pp.2, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11036.x