[KSCI] Korea Science Citation Index Service

http://dx.doi.org/10.5303/JKAS.2005.38.2.165

GRAPE AND PROJECT MILKYWAY

MAKINO JUNICHIRO (Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo)

Publication Information

Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society / v.38, no.2, 2005 , pp. 165-168 More about this Journal

Abstract

We overview the GRAPE (GRAvity piPE) project. The goal of the GRAPE project is to accelerate the astrophysical N-body simulations. Since almost all computing time is spent for the evaluation of the gravitational force between particles, we can greatly accelerate many N-body simulations by developing a specialized hardware for the force calculation. In 1989, the first such hardware, GRAPE-1, was completed, with the peak speed of 120 Mflops. In 2003, GRAPE-6 was completed, with the peak speed of 64 Tflops, which is nearly 106 times faster than GRAPE-l and was the fastest computer at that time. In this paper, we review the basic concept of the GRAPE hardwares, the history of the GRAPE project, and two ongoing projects, GRAPE-DR and Project Milkyway.

Keywords

celestial mechanics; methods: N-body simulations;

Citations & Related Records

Reference

1	Narumi, T., Susukita, R., Ebisuzaki, T., McNiven, G., & Elmegreen, B., 1999, Molecular Simulation, 21, 401 DOI ScienceOn
2	Okumura, S. K., Ebisuzaki, T., & Makino, J., 1991, PASJ, 43, 781
3	Okumura, S. K., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., Fukushige, T., Ito, T., Sugimoto, D., Hashimoto, E., Tomida, K., & Miyakawa, N. 1993, PASJ, 45, 329 DOI
4	Steinmetz, M., 1996, MNRAS, 278, 1005 DOI ScienceOn
5	Taiji, M., Narumi, T., Ohno, Y., Futatsugi, N., Suenaga, A., Takada, N., & Konagaya, A., 2003, in The SC2003 Proceedings (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE), CD-ROM
6	Takahashi, K., 1996, PASJ, 48, 691 DOI
7	Umemura, M., Fukushige, T., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., Sugimoto, D., Turner, E. L., & Loeb, A., 1993, PASJ, 45, 311
8	Fukushige, T., Taiji, M., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., & Sugimoto, D., 1996, ApJ , 468, 51 DOI ScienceOn
9	Funato, Y., Makino, J., & Ebisuzaki, T., 1992, PASJ, 44, 613
10	Greengard, L., & Rokhlin, V., 1987, Journal of Computational Physics, 73, 325 DOI ScienceOn
11	Hut, P., & Makino, J., eds., 2003, Astrophysical Supercomputing using Particle Simulations (San Francisco: ASP)
12	Ito, T., Ebisuzaki, T., Makino, J., & Sugimoto, D., 1991, PASJ, 43, 547
13	Ito, T., Fukushige, T., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., Okumura, S. K., Sugimoto, D., Miyagawa, H., & Kitamura, K., 1994, PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Genetics, 20, 139 DOI ScienceOn
14	Ito, T., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., & Sugimoto, D., 1990, Computer Physics Communications, 60, 187 DOI ScienceOn
15	Kawai, A., Fukushige, T., Makino, J., & Taiji, M., 2000, PASJ, 52, 659 DOI
16	Makino, J., 1991, PASJ, 43, 621 DOI
17	Makino, J., Taiji, M., Ebisuzaki, T., & Sugimoto, D., 1997, ApJ , 480, 432 DOI ScienceOn
18	Makino, J., Fukushige, T., Koga, M., & Namura, K., 2003, PASJ, 55, 1163 DOI
19	Makino, J., Fukushige, T., Okumura, S. K., & Ebisuzaki, T., 1993, PASJ, 45, 303
20	Makino, J., & Taiji, M., 1998, Special Purpose Computers for Scientific Simulations-The GRAPE systems (Chichester: John Wiley and Sons)
21	Bakker, A. F., & Bruin, C., 1988, in Special Purpose Computers, ed. B. J. Alder (San Diego: Academic Press), 183-232
22	Barnes, J., & Hut, P., 1986, Nature, 324, 446 DOI
23	Fukushige, T., Ito, T., Makino, J., Ebisuzaki, T., Sugimoto, D., & Umemura, M., 1991, PASJ, 43, 841
24	Cohn, H., 1979, ApJ , 234, 1036 DOI
25	Einsel, C., & Spurzem, R. 1999, MNRAS, 302, 81 DOI ScienceOn
26	Fine, R., Dimmler, G., & Levinthal, C., 1991, PROTEINS:Structure, Function, and Genetics, 11, 242 DOI ScienceOn