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The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea (대한약학회)
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[ $G_1$ ] Phase Arrest of the Cell Cycle by a Ginseng Metabolite, Compound K, in U937 Human Monocytic Leukamia Cells

  • Kang Kyoung Ah (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Cheju National University) ;
  • Kim Yeong Wan (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Cheju National University) ;
  • Kim Seung Uk (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Cheju National University) ;
  • Chae Sungwook (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Cheju National University) ;
  • Koh Young Sang (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Cheju National University) ;
  • Kim Hee Sun (Department of Neuro-science, Ewha Womans University Medical School) ;
  • Choo Min Kyung (Department of Microbial Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim Dong Hyun (Department of Microbial Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Hyun Jin Won (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Cheju National University)
  • Published : 2005.06.01
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Abstract

We recently reported that the ginseng saponin metabolite, compound K (20-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyra-nosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, IH901), inhibits the growth of U937 cells through caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. In this study, we further characterized the effects of compound K on U937 cells and found that, in addition to apoptosis, compound K induced the arrest of the G1 phase. The compound K treated U937 cells showed increased p21 expression; an inhibitory protein of cyclincdk complex. The up-regulation of p21 was followed by the inactivation of cyclin D and the cdk4 protein, which act at the early $G_1$ phase, and cyclin E, which acts at the late $G_1$ phase. Furthermore, compound K induced the activation of JNK and the transcription factor AP-1, which is a downstream target of JNK. These findings suggest that the up-regulation of p21 and activation of JNK in the compound K treated cells contribute to the arrest of the $G_1$ phase.

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References

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