초록
Nonvolatile FRAMs with a design rule of 0.18 ${\mu}m$ were developed for the high performance smart card. A 1Mb FRAM was embedded in place of an EEPROM and a 64Kb FRAM was embedded in place of a. SRAM. It was confirmed that the FRAMs performed the roles of the EEPROM and SRAM successfully using the asynchronous write/read operation method and the one time programming (OTP) scheme. The cycle time of the FRAM was 10 MHz, which remarkably improved the write performance of the smart card in comparison with that of the conventional smart card with an EEPROM. Additionally, a simple and smart bit-line reference scheme for the future FRAM device having a 1T1C cell type was proposed.