Abstract
Our purpose is to make up criteria for children's motivation of achievement and develop them into reliable that effectively fit the domestic situations, through testing its reliability and validity. With a view to developing those criteria, questionnaire items were drawn out from our basic investigation and preliminary study, and reliability and validity were tested. For this, we carried out a survey from October 25, 2003 to November 7, 2003 on 586 children who were attending two primary schools in Seoul, in 5th and 6th grade, and analyzed the results. Out of 81 questionnaire items constructed through the preliminary study, we extracted 68 items which show satisfactory level of discrimination with $x^2$ confidence level p<.0l and V coefficient greater than .25. The factor analysis was performed on the 68 items and 49 items were extracted which have eigen value greater than 1 and factor load greater than .30. Then regression analysis was applied so that 13 items were taken out of consideration for the criteria, whose incremental contribution to the explained proportion due to regression turned out to be less than 3%. As a result, a total of 36 items were selected as the final measurement criteria was assessed by Cronbach' $\alpha$ coefficient for the items, and we obtained its value of .85 which is at a satisfactory level. The developed criteria has proven to be a useful tool for measuring domestic children's motivation of achievement.
본 연구는 국가의 경제발전은 물론 대인관계와 사회적응에 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 성취동기 중 아동의 성취동기를 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하고자 하였다. 서울시내 초등학교 2곳에 재학중인 5,6학년 아동 586명을 대상으로 설문지 조사를 실시하였다. 예비 연구를 통하여 구성된 81개 문항의 척도를 문항 변별도 측면에서 양호한 수준 $x^2$의 유의도 p<.01과 .25이상 V계수의 68개 문항을 추출하였다. 68개 문항을 요인 분석하여 고유치 1이상, 요인부하량 .30이상인 49개 문항을 추출한 후 회귀분석을 적용한 결과 설명력의 증가분이 3%미만인 13개 문항을 척도 구성에서 제외시켜 총 36개 문항으로 아동의 성취동기 최종 측정 척도가 개발되었다. 척도의 신뢰도는 문항 내적일치도 지수인 Cronbach의 $\alpha$계수로 산출하였는데, .85로 만족할 만한 수준으로 나타나 개발된 척도가 우리나라 아동의 성취동기를 측정하기 위한 유용한 도구로 검증되었다.
