Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
권호 표지

Hypoglycemic Effect of Exo- and Endo-biopolymers Produced by Submerged Mycelial Culture of Ganoderma lucidum in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

  • Yang, Byung-Keun (Research Center for Processing &Application of Agricultural Products, Daegu University) ;
  • Michael A Wilson (School of Science, Technology &Environment, University of Western Sydney) ;
  • Cho, Kai-Yip (School of Science, Technology &Environment, University of Western Sydney) ;
  • Song, Chi-Hyun (Research Center for Processing &Application of Agricultural Products, Daegu University)
  • Published : 2004.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The hypoglycemic effect of an exo-biopolymer (EXO) and endo-biopolymer (ENDO) produced from submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Both the EXO and ENDO showed hypoglycemic potential, however, the former proved to be more potent than the latter. The administration of the EXO at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) significantly reduced the plasma glucose level (23.5%) and increased the plasma insulin level (2.2 fold) in the diabetic animals. The EXO also lowered the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and athrogenic index by 14.7, 31.4, 24.1, and 45.4%, respectively, and reduced the liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 6.7 and 25.8%, respectively. It increased the plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (37.7%), compared to the control group. Furthermore, the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) showed lower activities in the EXO administered groups than the other experimental groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the exo-biopolymer may alleviate the blood glucose level by increased insulin secretion.

Keywords

References

  1. Bar-on, H. and P. S. Roheim. 1976. Hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-treated rats. Diabetes 25: 509- 515.
  2. Bierman, E. L. 1992. George Lyman Duff memorial lecture: Atherogenesis in diabetes. Arteriosclerosis Thromb. 12: 647- 656.
  3. Bursch, W. and R. Schulte-Hermann. 1986. Cytoprotective effect of the prostacyclin derivative iloprost against liver cell death induced by the hepatotoxins carbon terachloride and bromobenzen. Klin. Wochenschr. 64(SuppI. 7): 47-50.
  4. Cavazzoni, V. and A. Adami. 1992. Exopolysaccharides produced by mycelial edible mushrooms. Ital J. Food Sci. 1: 9-15.
  5. Desbuquois, B. and G. D. Aurbach. 1971. Use of polyethylene glycol to separate free and antibody-bound peptide hormones in radioimmunoassays. J. Clin. Endocr. 33: 732- 738.
  6. Duncan, D. M. 1957. Multiple-range tests for correlated and heteroscedastic means. Biometrics 13: 164- 170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2527799
  7. Folch, J., M. Lees, and G. H. Sloane-Stanley. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipid from animal tissue. J. Bio!. Chem. 226: 497-503.
  8. Foster, D. W. and J. D. MaGarry. 1983. The metabolic derangements and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 309: :.59- 164.
  9. Fridewald, W. T, R. I. Levy, and D. S. Fedreicson. 1979. Estimation of concentration of low density cholesterol in plasma, without use of preparative ultracentrifuse. Clin. Chem. 18: 499-508.
  10. Furuse, M., C. Kimura, R. T Mabayo, H. Takahashi, and J. Okumara. 1993. Dietary sorbose prevents and improves hyperglycemia in genetically diabetic mice. J. Nutr. 123: 59-65.
  11. Garg, A and S. -M. Grundy. 1990. Management of hyperlipidemia in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 13: 153-169.
  12. Goldberg, R. B. 1981. Lipid disorders in diabetes. Diabetes Care 4: 561-572. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.4.5.561
  13. Gray, A. M. and P. R. Flatt. 1998. Insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity of Agaricus campestris (mushroom). J. Endocrinol. 157: 259- 266.
  14. Grey, N. J., I. Kars, and D. M. Kipnis. 1975. Physiologic mechanism in the development of starvation ketosis in man. Diabetes 24: 10- 16.
  15. Hayes, T. M. 1972. Plasma lipoproteins in adult diabetes. Clin. Endoerinol. 1: 247-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1972.tb00395.x
  16. Hikino, H., C. Konno, Y Mirin, and T. Hayashi. 1985. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of gamodemas A and B, glycans of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. Planta Med. 4: 339-340.
  17. Hikino, H. and T. Mizuno. 1989. Hypoglycemic actions of some heteroglycans of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. Planta Med. 55: 385- 389.
  18. Junod, A., A. E. Lambert, L. Orci, R. Pictet, A. E. Gonet, and A. E. Renold. 1967. Studies of the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin. Proc. Soc. Exp. Bioi. Med. 126: 201-205.
  19. Kabir, Y, S. Kimura, and T. Tomura. 1988. Dietary effect of Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms on blood pressure and lipid levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Mitaminol. (Tokyo) 34: 433-438.
  20. Kimura, Y., H. Okuda, and S. Arichi. 1988. Effects of the extracts of Ganoderma lucidum on blood glucose level in rats. Planta Med. 54: 290- 294.
  21. Lee, K. H., J. W. Lee, M. D. Han, H. Jeong, Y. I. Kim, and D. W. Oh. 1994. Correlation between anti-complementary and antitumor activity of the crude polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum IY009. Kor. J. Appl. Microbiol. Bioeng. 22: 45-51.
  22. Mendola, J., J. R. Wright, and P. E. Lacy. 1989. Oxygen free radical scavenger and immune destruction of murine lowdose STZ-induced insulitis. Diabetes 38: 379- 385.
  23. Min, B. S., J. J. Gao, N. Nakamura, and M. Hattori. 2000. Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against meth-A and LLC tumor cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48: 1026-1033.
  24. Niall, M. G., A M. Rosaleen, O. Daphne, B. C. Patrick, H. J. Alan, and H. Gerald. 1990. Cholesterol metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Diabetes 39: 626- 636.
  25. Patocka, J. 1999. Anti-inflammatory triterpenoids from mysterious mushroom Ganoderma lucidum and their potential possibility in modem medicine. Acta Medica 42: 123- 125.
  26. Raabo, E. and T. C. Terkildsen. 1960. On the enzymatic determination of blood glucose. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 12: 402- 407.
  27. Reaven, K. M. 1987. Abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Med. 83: 31-40.
  28. Sale, F. O., S. Marchesini, P. H. Fishman, and B. A Berra. 1984. A sensitive enzymatic assay for determination of cholesterol in lipid extracts. Anal. Biochem. 142: 347- 350.
  29. Shon, K. H., S. H. Kim, and J. W. Choi. 1992. Pretreatment with nicotinamide to prevent the pancreatic enzymes changes by streptozotocin in rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr. 21: 117- 123.
  30. Takasu, N., I. Komiya, and T. Asawa. 1991. STZ and alloxan-induced H20 generation and DNA fragmentation in pancreatic islets. Diabetes 40: 1141- 1145.
  31. Van Hom, L. V. 1996. Lipid metabolism and choices for persons with diabetes. In Powers, M. A (ed.). Handbook of Diabetes Medical Nutrition Therapy. Aspen Publishers Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland.
  32. Wang, S. Y., M. L. Hsu, H. C. Hsu, C. H. Tzeng, S. S. Lee, M. S. Shiao, and C. K Ho. 1997. The anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes. Int. J. Cancer 17: 699-705.
  33. Yang, B. K, J. B. Park, and C. H. Song. 2002. Hypolipidemic effect of exo-polymer produced in submerged mycelial culture of five different mushrooms. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 957-961.
  34. Yang, B. K, S. C. Jeong, and C. H. Song. 2002. Hypolipidemic effect of exo- and endo-biopolymers produced from submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum in rats. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 872- 877.
  35. Yang, B. K, S. C. Jeong, J. B. Park, S. P. Cho, H. J. Lee, S. Das, J. W. Yun, W. J. Lim, and C. H. Song. 2001. Swimming endurance capacity of mice after administration of exo-polymer produced from submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11: 902905.
  36. Yoon, S. Y, S. K. Eo, Y. S. Kim, and S. S. Han. 1994. Antimicrobial activity of Ganoderma lucidum extract alone and in combination with some antibiotics. Arch. Pharm. Res. 17: 438-442.
  37. Zhang, X. H., H. B. Hu, Y L. Tang, R. S. Huang, J. F. Luo, and B. K Hur. 2002. The hepartoprotective effects of polysaccharides isolated from submerged fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 367-370.