Browse > Article

Hypoglycemic Effect of Exo- and Endo-biopolymers Produced by Submerged Mycelial Culture of Ganoderma lucidum in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats  

Yang, Byung-Keun (Research Center for Processing &Application of Agricultural Products, Daegu University)
Michael A Wilson (School of Science, Technology &Environment, University of Western Sydney)
Cho, Kai-Yip (School of Science, Technology &Environment, University of Western Sydney)
Song, Chi-Hyun (Research Center for Processing &Application of Agricultural Products, Daegu University)
Publication Information
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology / v.14, no.5, 2004 , pp. 972-977 More about this Journal
Abstract
The hypoglycemic effect of an exo-biopolymer (EXO) and endo-biopolymer (ENDO) produced from submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Both the EXO and ENDO showed hypoglycemic potential, however, the former proved to be more potent than the latter. The administration of the EXO at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) significantly reduced the plasma glucose level (23.5%) and increased the plasma insulin level (2.2 fold) in the diabetic animals. The EXO also lowered the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and athrogenic index by 14.7, 31.4, 24.1, and 45.4%, respectively, and reduced the liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 6.7 and 25.8%, respectively. It increased the plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (37.7%), compared to the control group. Furthermore, the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) showed lower activities in the EXO administered groups than the other experimental groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the exo-biopolymer may alleviate the blood glucose level by increased insulin secretion.
Keywords
Endo-biopolymer; exo-biopolymer; hypoglycemic effect; Ganoderma lucidum; submerged mycelial culture;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 15  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Bar-on, H. and P. S. Roheim. 1976. Hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-treated rats. Diabetes 25: 509- 515.
2 Cavazzoni, V. and A. Adami. 1992. Exopolysaccharides produced by mycelial edible mushrooms. Ital J. Food Sci. 1: 9-15.
3 Desbuquois, B. and G. D. Aurbach. 1971. Use of polyethylene glycol to separate free and antibody-bound peptide hormones in radioimmunoassays. J. Clin. Endocr. 33: 732- 738.
4 Duncan, D. M. 1957. Multiple-range tests for correlated and heteroscedastic means. Biometrics 13: 164- 170.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Foster, D. W. and J. D. MaGarry. 1983. The metabolic derangements and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 309: :.59- 164.
6 Fridewald, W. T, R. I. Levy, and D. S. Fedreicson. 1979. Estimation of concentration of low density cholesterol in plasma, without use of preparative ultracentrifuse. Clin. Chem. 18: 499-508.
7 Garg, A and S. -M. Grundy. 1990. Management of hyperlipidemia in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 13: 153-169.
8 Gray, A. M. and P. R. Flatt. 1998. Insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity of Agaricus campestris (mushroom). J. Endocrinol. 157: 259- 266.
9 Grey, N. J., I. Kars, and D. M. Kipnis. 1975. Physiologic mechanism in the development of starvation ketosis in man. Diabetes 24: 10- 16.
10 Hikino, H. and T. Mizuno. 1989. Hypoglycemic actions of some heteroglycans of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. Planta Med. 55: 385- 389.
11 Niall, M. G., A M. Rosaleen, O. Daphne, B. C. Patrick, H. J. Alan, and H. Gerald. 1990. Cholesterol metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Diabetes 39: 626- 636.
12 Yang, B. K, J. B. Park, and C. H. Song. 2002. Hypolipidemic effect of exo-polymer produced in submerged mycelial culture of five different mushrooms. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 957-961.
13 Zhang, X. H., H. B. Hu, Y L. Tang, R. S. Huang, J. F. Luo, and B. K Hur. 2002. The hepartoprotective effects of polysaccharides isolated from submerged fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 367-370.
14 Folch, J., M. Lees, and G. H. Sloane-Stanley. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipid from animal tissue. J. Bio!. Chem. 226: 497-503.
15 Yang, B. K, S. C. Jeong, and C. H. Song. 2002. Hypolipidemic effect of exo- and endo-biopolymers produced from submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum in rats. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 872- 877.
16 Sale, F. O., S. Marchesini, P. H. Fishman, and B. A Berra. 1984. A sensitive enzymatic assay for determination of cholesterol in lipid extracts. Anal. Biochem. 142: 347- 350.
17 Furuse, M., C. Kimura, R. T Mabayo, H. Takahashi, and J. Okumara. 1993. Dietary sorbose prevents and improves hyperglycemia in genetically diabetic mice. J. Nutr. 123: 59-65.   PUBMED
18 Hikino, H., C. Konno, Y Mirin, and T. Hayashi. 1985. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of gamodemas A and B, glycans of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. Planta Med. 4: 339-340.
19 Raabo, E. and T. C. Terkildsen. 1960. On the enzymatic determination of blood glucose. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 12: 402- 407.
20 Wang, S. Y., M. L. Hsu, H. C. Hsu, C. H. Tzeng, S. S. Lee, M. S. Shiao, and C. K Ho. 1997. The anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes. Int. J. Cancer 17: 699-705.
21 Yoon, S. Y, S. K. Eo, Y. S. Kim, and S. S. Han. 1994. Antimicrobial activity of Ganoderma lucidum extract alone and in combination with some antibiotics. Arch. Pharm. Res. 17: 438-442.
22 Patocka, J. 1999. Anti-inflammatory triterpenoids from mysterious mushroom Ganoderma lucidum and their potential possibility in modem medicine. Acta Medica 42: 123- 125.
23 Junod, A., A. E. Lambert, L. Orci, R. Pictet, A. E. Gonet, and A. E. Renold. 1967. Studies of the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin. Proc. Soc. Exp. Bioi. Med. 126: 201-205.
24 Mendola, J., J. R. Wright, and P. E. Lacy. 1989. Oxygen free radical scavenger and immune destruction of murine lowdose STZ-induced insulitis. Diabetes 38: 379- 385.
25 Bierman, E. L. 1992. George Lyman Duff memorial lecture: Atherogenesis in diabetes. Arteriosclerosis Thromb. 12: 647- 656.
26 Bursch, W. and R. Schulte-Hermann. 1986. Cytoprotective effect of the prostacyclin derivative iloprost against liver cell death induced by the hepatotoxins carbon terachloride and bromobenzen. Klin. Wochenschr. 64(SuppI. 7): 47-50.
27 Goldberg, R. B. 1981. Lipid disorders in diabetes. Diabetes Care 4: 561-572.   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
28 Kimura, Y., H. Okuda, and S. Arichi. 1988. Effects of the extracts of Ganoderma lucidum on blood glucose level in rats. Planta Med. 54: 290- 294.
29 Reaven, K. M. 1987. Abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Med. 83: 31-40.   PUBMED
30 Yang, B. K, S. C. Jeong, J. B. Park, S. P. Cho, H. J. Lee, S. Das, J. W. Yun, W. J. Lim, and C. H. Song. 2001. Swimming endurance capacity of mice after administration of exo-polymer produced from submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11: 902905.
31 Kabir, Y, S. Kimura, and T. Tomura. 1988. Dietary effect of Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms on blood pressure and lipid levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Mitaminol. (Tokyo) 34: 433-438.
32 Lee, K. H., J. W. Lee, M. D. Han, H. Jeong, Y. I. Kim, and D. W. Oh. 1994. Correlation between anti-complementary and antitumor activity of the crude polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum IY009. Kor. J. Appl. Microbiol. Bioeng. 22: 45-51.
33 Van Hom, L. V. 1996. Lipid metabolism and choices for persons with diabetes. In Powers, M. A (ed.). Handbook of Diabetes Medical Nutrition Therapy. Aspen Publishers Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland.
34 Hayes, T. M. 1972. Plasma lipoproteins in adult diabetes. Clin. Endoerinol. 1: 247-251.   DOI   PUBMED
35 Min, B. S., J. J. Gao, N. Nakamura, and M. Hattori. 2000. Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against meth-A and LLC tumor cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48: 1026-1033.
36 Takasu, N., I. Komiya, and T. Asawa. 1991. STZ and alloxan-induced H20 generation and DNA fragmentation in pancreatic islets. Diabetes 40: 1141- 1145.
37 Shon, K. H., S. H. Kim, and J. W. Choi. 1992. Pretreatment with nicotinamide to prevent the pancreatic enzymes changes by streptozotocin in rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr. 21: 117- 123.