Effect on Fruit Quality and Tree's Main Disease Control by Agro-chemical alternatives

대체농업자재에 의한 과수의 품질 및 주요병해방제 효과

  • Nam, Ki-Woong (Plant Pathology Division, National Agricultural Science & Technology Institute) ;
  • Kim, Seung-Hwan (Plant Nutrition Division, National Agricultural Science & Technology Institute)
  • 남기웅 (농업과학기술원 식물병리과) ;
  • 김승환 (농업과학기술원 식물영양과)
  • Published : 2002.09.01

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate an effects on ago-chemical alternative materials such as the wood vinegar, a lactic acid bacteria serum, the fermented plant juice, the brown rice vinegar and a Chitosan used for amount and qualities of fruits and to examine the pest protection efficiency for their uses in the apple and pear orchard farms. An apple yields in the orchard cultivated with using the ago-chemical alternative materials without appling the fertilizer and pesticides were decreased at 56% relative to the conventional farming practice method. Also, it was indicated that there was difficult to produce the fruits with marketability because the small sizes of fruits were produced. For the quality of fruits, the brix of apple produced in the orchard cultivated with using the ago-chemical alternative materials was similar, but Vitamin C content was greater than that of the conventional farming practice method. As a results of treating with the wood vinegar, a lactic acid bacteria serum, the fermented plant juice, the brown rice vinegar and a Chitosan instead of applying pesticides, the fruit disease in the Chitosan treatment was a little decreased, but was great occurred in the other treatments compared with the conventional farming practice mehod. However, it observed that brix and Vitamin C content of apple produced in the Chitosan, brown rice vinegar, fermented plan juice and fish amino acid treatments and in the Chitosan, brown rice vinegar, charcoal power and peat moss treatments were greater than those of the conventional farming practice method, respectively. Over all, it considered that there was very difficult to manage the orchard depended on the ago-chemical alternative materials without appling the chemical fertilizer and pesticides in the apple orchard, but it might be proper to use the ago-chemical alternative materials as an auxiliary means to decrease the appling amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Furthermore, the general effects on the ago-chemical alternative materials to the perennial fruits should be investigated with considering the changes of soil fertility, soil microbial status and natural enemy creatures after treating them for a long time.

과수농가에서 시용하고 있는 대체농업자재들을 대상으로 과실수량 및 품질에 대한 효과를 조사하고, 또한 이들 자재들이 사과에서 발생하는 주요병해에 대한 방제효과를 검토하기 위하여 시험을 수행하였다. 비료와 농약을 시용하지 않고 대체농업자재만을 사용하여 재배한 과수원에서는 과실 수확량이 관행농법의 56%수준으로 낮은 경향이었으며, 과일의 크기도 적어 상품성 있는 과실 생산이 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 품질면에서 처리간 과실중의 당함량은 비슷하였으나 비타민C 함량은 환경농법구에서 많은 경향이었다. 농약대용으로 사용하고 있는 목초액, 유산균, 천혜녹즙, 현미식초, 키토산을 사과원에서 처리한 결과 키토산 처리구에서 사과병해에 약간 감소하는 경향이었고, 그 외 처리는 관행농법구보다 병해발생이 많았다. 키토산, 현미식초, 천혜녹즙과 아미노산처리구에서 생산된 과실중에 당함량이 다소 많았으며 키토산, 현미식초, 활성탄과 목탄처리구에서는 비타민C 함량이 많은 경향이었다. 따라서 과수원에서 농약을 전혀 시용하지 않고 대체농업자재에 의존한 과수원 경영은 매우 곤란한 것으로 생각되며, 대체농업자재는 비료와 농약 사용량을 줄이면서 보조적인 수단으로 시용하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 생각되고 특히 영년생인 과수의 경우는 장기간 동안 대체농업자재를 처리한 후에 토양의 비옥도 변화, 토양미생물상 변동, 천적 생물의 변동 등을 고려한 종합적인 효과를 검토해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

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