미국의 학교-노동 이행에 관한 연구

School-to-Work Transition in the United States

  • 발행 : 2002.12.01

초록

지구화시대에 정보산업이 발달하고 국가 경쟁력이 더욱 더 중요해지면서 미국에서도 학교에서 노동으로의 이행에 깊은 관심을 가지고 있다. 학교교육이 산업계의 요구를 충족시켜야 한다는 주장과 학교교육은 기술교육이 아니라 인문교육이어야 한다는 주장이 팽팽하게 맞서고 있지만, 미국은 최근 들어 학교에서 노동으로의 이행을 돕기 위해 새로운 법령을 공포하고 여러 프로그램에 재정적인 지원을 아끼지 않고 있다. 그러나 학생뿐만 아니라 학부모들은 고등학교의 학력으로는 좋은 직장을 얻기 힘들고, 대학 졸업자에 비해 낮은 임금을 받으며, 영원히 사회내에서 낮은 계층에 머무를지 모른다는 위기의식을 지니고 있다. 따라서 학교에서 노동으로의 이행의 프로그램에 적극 참여하기보다는 대학교에 가기 위한 보조장치로 활용하는 경우도 있다. 미국의 주 정부에서는 연방정부의 재정적 지원을 받아 각종 학교-노동시장이행 프로그램을 마련하고 있지만, 연방정부의 재정적 지원이 끊기면서 독자적으로 프로그램을 운영할 전망은 밝지 않다. 고등학교와 대학교를 연계시켜 학교에서 노동시장으로의 이행을 돕는 프로그램은 지구화시대에 치열한 경쟁을 뚫고 나가기 위한 중요한 사회적 장치이다. 그러나 전통적으로 인문교육과 대학교에 진학하는 것이 학부모의 관심사였던 미국사회에서 학교-노동시장 이행 프로그램은 아직 완전히 정착되지 못하고 있다.

US government and leaders in education have deeply paid an attention to the transition from school to work as we live in an era of globalization and fierce competion between countries. Industrial leaders, on the one hand, stress that schools should be reformed to adapt to changing technical environment. On the other hand, general educators still maintain that school education should strive to educate people to be a good citizen. However, fierce competition between countries under the remarkable development of computer and information technique has led the US government to create new programs of the transition from school to work. However, parents as well as students are still suspicious that diplom of high school with stress in skills is enough to keep a stable job, guarantee a satisfactory salary, and mai lain a social status. Accordingly they are more likely to use the school-to-work program as a supplement to the transition to college than to participate in the program to get a good job after high school. Each state in the US prepares its own program of the school-to-work transition with financial supports from the federal government. But the prospect of the programs in each state is not optimistic as financial supports from the federal government have decreased. The school-to-work transition program is strongly needed not only for those half who do not go to college but also for the US government that requires workers with a high level of skills. Nonetheless, the program is not firmly established in the US yet.

키워드

참고문헌

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