Korean Journal of Cognitive Science (인지과학)

The Korean Society for Cognitive Science (한국인지과학회)
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Neural Substrates of Picture Encoding: An fMRI Study

그림의 부호화 과정과 신경기제 : fMRI 연구

  • 강은주 (서울대학교 의학 연구원 방사선 의학 연구소) ;
  • 김희정 (서울대학교 대학원 인지과학 협동과정) ;
  • 김성일 (광운대학교 산업심리학과) ;
  • 나동규 (성균관 대학교 의과대학 방사선의학과) ;
  • 이경민 (서울대학교 의과대학 신경과) ;
  • 나덕렬 (성균관 대학교 의과대학 신경과) ;
  • 이정모 (성균관 대학교 사회과학대학 심리학과)
  • Published : 2002.03.01
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Abstract

This study is to examine brain regions that are involved in picture encoding in normal adults using fMRI methods. In Scan 1, the picture encoding was studied during a semantic categorization task in comparison with word. In Scan 2 task type effects were studied both during a picture naming task and during a semantic categorization task with pictures. Subjects were asked to make decision either by pressing a mouse button (Scan 1) or by responding subvocally (naming or saying yes/no) (Scan 2). Regardless of stimulus type, left prefrontal, bilateral occipital, and parietal activations were observed during semantic processing in comparison with fixation baseline. Processing of word stimulus relative to picture resulted in activations in prefrontal and parieto-temporal regions in the left side while that of picture stimulus relative to word resultd in activations in bilateral extrastriatal visual cortices and parahippocampal regions. In spite of the same task demands, stimulus-specific information processings were involved and mediated by different neural substrates; the word encoding was associated with more semantic/lexical processings than pictures and the picture processing associated with more perceptual and novelty related information processings than word. Activations of dorsal part of inferior prefrontal region, i.e., Broca's areas were found both during the picture naming and during the semantic tasks subvocally performed Especially, during the picture naming task, greater occipital activations were found bilaterally relative to the semantic categorization task. indicating a possibility that greater and higher visual processing was involved in retrieving the name referred by picture stimuli.

본 연구는 fMRI를 이용하여 정상인에 있어서 자극 유형, 특히 그림 자극의 부호화와 관련된 두뇌영역을 확인하고자 하였다. Scan 1에서는 그림 자극의 부호화 과정에 관여하는 두뇌 영역을 화인하기 위하여 어의범주 판단 과정 중에 그림과 단어에 대하여 비교 관찰하였으며 Scan 2에서는 그림자극에 대하여 그림 명명과제와 어의범주 판단과제를 비교하여 과제 유형에 따른 그림의 부호화에 관여하는 두뇌 활성화 영역을 연구하였다. 피험자는 어의범주(인공물/자연물)에 따라 마우스를 눌러 반응하거나(Scan 1) 그림명명이나 범주 소속 여부를 속으로 말하도록(subvocal response)(Scan 2) 요구되었다. 자극의 유형과 무관하게 부호화 중에 좌측 전전두 영역 양측의 두정엽, 그리고 양측의 고차시각 피질 등이 공통적으로 활성화 되었다. 그림보다 단어의 부호화에는 좌측 하 전전두엽, 우측 전측 전전두 영역, 양측의 도(insula), 좌측 두정-측두엽 등 광범위한 언어/개념관련 두뇌 영역에서 더 높은 활성화가 발견되는 반면, 그림의 부호화에는 양측의 고차 시각 영역과 해마방화(parahippocampal gyrus) 영역에서 더 높은 활성화가 관찰되었다. 이는 동일한 어의판단 과제를 수행하는 과정에도 단어는 어의적/언어적 처리가 그림은 지각적 정보처리 및 novelty 관련 정보처리가 서로 다른 해부학적인 영역에 의하여 매개됨을 의미한다. 그림 명명과제나 어의범주 판단과제 모두를 속으로 말하는 수행(Scan 2)은 배측 하 전전두 영역, 즉 Broca영역의 활동 증가를 야기시켰으며, 특히 명명과제 수행에는 어의범주 판단과제를 수행할 때에 비하여 양측의 시각영역에서 더 많은 활성화가 발견되었는데, 이는 대상의 명칭을 인출하는 과정에 고차 시각정보 처리가 더 많이 관여하였을 가능성을 시사한다.

Keywords

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