Abstract
Effects of traditional fumigation (methyl bromide; MB) and combined fumigation (methyl bromide/phosphide; $MB/PH_3$) on the disinfestation, and phytotoxicity and longevity of cut flowers (lily and rose) were investigated. Combined fumigation with low concentrations of $7/3g/m^3\;(MB/PH_3$) at $10^{\circ}C$ immediately after transportation from harvested place was found to be much more effective in disinfestation of aphid, mite, and thrips than fumigation with $MB\;48g/m^3$ only at $20^{\circ}C$ after simulated transportation for 2 days. Quality and longevity of cut flowers measured after fumigation were better in flowers treated by combined fumigation ($7/3g/m^3,\;MB/PH_3$) at $10^{\circ}C$ for 2.5-3 hrs, irrespective of pretreatment with pulsing solution immediately after transporation, even though phytotoxicity varied with cut flowers fumigated. On the other hand, fumigation with $MB\;48g/m^3$ only at $20^{\circ}C$ after simulated transportation for 2 days showed tendency of enhanced insect disinfestation, but caused phytotoxicity to both lily and rose, regardless of pretreatment and moreover, reduced the longevity of the cut flowers.
실제 검역시 이용되고 있는 훈증방법($MB\;48g{\cdot}m^{-3}$)과 새로 개발한 혼합 훈증방법($MB/PH_3,\;7/3g{\cdot}m^{-3}$)이 해충에 대한 살충력과 절화장미와 백합의 절화수명 및 식물약해에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수송직후 저농도의 혼합훈증처리($MB/PH_3,\;7/3g{\cdot}m^{-3}$)는 2일간 모의수송 후 훈증처리($MB\;48g{\cdot}m^{-3}\;20^{\circ}C$)보다 진딧물, 응애, 총채벌레에 대한 살충력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 절화별 식물약해에서는 차이가 있었으나, 절화의 품질과 수명은 수송직후 전처리와 상관없이 $10^{\circ}C$에서 $7/3g{\cdot}m^{-3}$으로 2.5-3시간 훈증 처리하는 것이 가장 좋은 효과를 나타내었다. 2일간 모의수송후 $MB\;48g{\cdot}m^{-3}$ 처리는 살충력은 높았으나, 전처리유무와 상관없이 백합, 장미 모두에게 식물약해를 미치며 절화수명을 단축시키는 것으로 나타났다.