• Title/Summary/Keyword: weed competition

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Weed Population Dynamics under Climatic Change

  • Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque;Eom, Min Yong;Uddin, Md. Romij;Park, Tae Seon;Kang, Hang Won;Kim, Do Soon;Park, Kee Woong
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.174-182
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    • 2014
  • This paper provides some of the scientific background on how projected environmental conditions could affect weeds and weed management in crops. Elevated $CO_2$ levels may have positive effects on crop competitiveness with $C_4$ weeds, but these are generally outnumbered by $C_3$ species in weed populations. Moreover, higher temperatures and drought will favor $C_4$ over $C_3$ plants. The implementation of climate change adaptation technologies, such as drought-tolerant germplasm and water-saving irrigation regimes, will have consequences for crop-weed competition. Rainfed production systems are thought to be most vulnerable to the direct effects of climate change and are likely to face increased competition from $C_4$ and parasitic weeds. Biotic stress-tolerant crop cultivars to be developed for these systems should encompass weed competitiveness and parasitic-weed resistance. In irrigated systems, indirect effects will be more important and weed management strategies should be diversified to lessen dependency on herbicides and mechanical control, and be targeted to perennial rhizomatous ($C_3$) weeds. Water-saving production methods that replace a weed-suppressive floodwater layer by intermittent or continuous periods of aerobic conditions necessitate additional weed management strategies to address the inherent increases in weed competition. Thus, climatic conditions have a great effect on weed population dynamics all over the world.

Competition - Ecological Classification of the Prominent Paddy Weed Species around Bulrush(Scirpus juncoides) (올챙고랭이(Scirpus juncoides)를 중심으로 한 주요(主要) 논 잡초종(雜草種)의 벼 경합생태적(競合生態的) 분류(分類))

  • Guh, J.O.;Heo, S.M.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.96-102
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    • 1985
  • A study on the competition-ecological classification of the 10 prominent paddy weed species around bulrush (Scirpus juneoides) to simplify the weed problem concept for the rice production. A serial assessments on the competition ability in space and dry matter production(nutrient depletion) of respective weed species and paddy rice, and the data were used to compute the phenotypic similarity by Single Link Clustering method. Both growth response of weed species in mono- and under the paddy rice standing was very similar (r = 0.969), but the reduction rate as affected by paddy rice standing was negatively correlated with the ability in space-competition(r=-0.513). Dendrogram of 10 weed species based on the phenotypic similarity computed in 4 characters in mono- and under the paddy rice standing was also similar, as Echinochloa c., Ludwigia p., Cyperus s., and Scirpus m. in I-group, Eleocharis k., Scirpus j, in II-group, and Juncus e., Potamogeton d. in III-group, respectively. Also, that of paddy rice to 10 weed species showed Fimbristylis m., Scirpus j., Eleocharis k., Scirpus m., Juncus e. in I-group, and Ludwigia p., Potamogeton d., Monochoria v. in II-group, respectively. The integrated dendrogram by the above two data indicate the I-group with Fimbristylis m., Scirpus j., Eleocharis k. and Juncus e., as higher growth response with relatively lower competition ability to paddy rice, II-group with Cyperus s., Echinochloa c., Potamogeton d., and Ludwigia p., as higher both in growth and competition, and the last, III-group with Monochoria v., and Scirpus m., as lower growth but higher competition, respectively.

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Evaluation Method of Weed Suppression by Rice Plant

  • Lee Sang-Bok;Ku Yeon Chung;Seong Ki Young;Song Duck Young;Seo Kyung In;Shin Jin Chul
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.79-83
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    • 2005
  • Rice and weed interference in the paddy field caused by resource competition and allelopathy. Evaluation method of active weed suppressive behavior of rice to weed was developed by eliminating light competition at soil condition. Twenty eight days old rice seedlings (6-7 leaf stage) which was grown at saturated, no drainage pot were clipped above $3\~4cm$ from the soil surface. Weeds seeded around clipped rice stem, named ratoon seeding screening method, showed varietal suppressive difference to Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola and Monochoria vaginalis. Potential allelopathic rice varieties, Sathi, AC1423 and PI312777 showed better suppressive activity to weed seedling growth than Nonganbyeo and Keumobyeo. Weed suppression of one plant of rice cultivars could be evaluated by the cell size of $2.5\times2.5cm$ at rice clipping of seedling 29 days after rice seeding.

Specifics in Weed Competition and Herbicide Response of Radish(Raphanus sativus L.) Under Foggy Condition (안개에 기인하는 무우(Raphanus sativus L.)의 잡초경합(雜草競合) 및 제초제반응(除草劑反應) 특이성(特異性))

  • Guh, J.O.;Kim, S.C.;Kuk, Y.I.;Chon, S.U.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.197-205
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    • 1995
  • The objectives of the present study were to find out 1)the differences in growth of radish under foggy and non-foggy condition, 2)the weed competition between radish and major upland weeds including Echinochloa crus-galli, 3)difference in response of radish to herbicide and weed, and finally 4)the fundamental data for the establishment of radish weed control system under locational foggy regions. The research was carried out by tray in greenhouse equipped with Auto Foggy System(SAE KI RIN Co.) and results were summarized as follows. 1. Plant height and shoot fresh weight of radish cultivars(long skirt, delicious altari, green mascot) were not different at the early growth(8 to 38 days after seeding), but increased at 55 days after seeding under foggy condition. Root fresh weight increased only in green mascot cultivar tinder foggy condition. Chlorophyll contents were higher in all the cultivars of radish under foggy condition. 2. Plant height and shoot fresh weight increased at 0 and 20 days of weed competition under foggy condition. Root fresh weight increased at 0, 20 and 35 days of competition under foggy condition. Above 50 days-competition, there was no difference between foggy and non-foggy condition. 3. Napropamide, alachlor and linuron did not show any differences in plant height and shoot fresh weight between foggy and non-foggy condition. Molinate reduced the root fresh weight at 65 days after seeding tinder foggy condition. 4. No difference in weeding efficacy by any herbicides tested was found tinder foggy condition. Weeding efficacy of Aeschynomene indica was reduced under foggy condition.

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Specificity of Weed Competition and Herbicide Response in Barley under Foggy Condition (인공 안개처리에 따른 보리의 잡초경합양상 및 제초제반응 특이성)

  • 구자옥;이병열;국용인;한성욱
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.738-746
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    • 1995
  • Greenhouse studies were carried out to find the difference of growth, weed competition and herbicides response in barley(Hordeum vulgare L. emend Larnark) under foggy and non-foggy condition. Plant height, leaf stage, leaf width and shoot fresh weight of barley under foggy condition were greatly increased, while heading rate ripening rate and number of grains per panicle of barley were reduced. Weed emergence based on fresh weight was much greater under foggy than that under non-foggy condition. Plant height of barley under foggy condition was increased comparing with non-foggy condition and significantly reduced with increasing the duration of weed competition, while 1,000-grain weight of barley reduced by the early competition(0∼20 days). Among the herbicides treated, butachlor and thiobencarb inhibited growth of barley under foggy than non-foggy condition. Plant height of barley treated of herbicides under foggy condition was ever increased but 1,000-grain weight of barley was reduced. Weeding efficacy(75-90%) by shoot fresh weight of weeds under foggy condition at 25 days after application was lower 3 to 15% than that under non-foggy condition.

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Effect of Soybean Seeding Time on Competitive Relationship between Soybeans and Annual Weeds (파종기(播種期)의 차이(差異)가 대두(大豆)와 일년생(一年生) 잡초와의 경합양상에(競合樣相) 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Pyon, J.Y.;Kim, C.H.;Kim, S.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.52-56
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    • 1981
  • A 2-year field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of early and late soybean (Clycine max Merr) seeding times on competitive relationships between soybeans and annual weeds. Soybeans were planted on May 20 and June 20. Durations of weed competition and weed control were 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after planting sad for full growing season. Dominant weeds were Portulaca oleracia, Centipeda minima, Rorippa cantonienais, Chenopodium album, Acalypha australis, Echinochloa crusgalli, and Digitaria sanguinalis. The dry weight of weeds increased with extended competition, especially at early seeding time of soybeans. Soybean yields were decreased as duration of weed competition was extended. More severe yield reduction occurred at late-planted soybeans with early stage weed competition but at early-planted soybeans when weeds competed with soybeans for a 2 weeds and full growing season. The dry weight of weeds emerged after weeding was decreased at early and late seeding times of soybeans as duration of weed control was prolonged. Soybean yields decreased with shortening duration of weed control end this trend of yield reduction was slightly more remarkable at late-planted soybeans than at early-planted soybeans. Late-planted soybeans were required longer than 6 weeks of weed control period to achieve maximum yield as compared to early-planted soybeans.

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Specifics in Weed Competition and Herbicide Response of Chinese Cabbage(Brassica pekinensis) under Foggy Condition (안개에 기인하는 배추(Brassica pekinensis)의 잡초경합(雜草競合) 및 제초제반응(除草劑反應) 특이성(特異性))

  • Guh, J.O.;Park, T.D.;Chon, S.U.;Kuk, Y.I.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.270-277
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    • 1995
  • The research was carried out in tray in greenhouse equipped with Auto Foggy Systems(SAE KI RIN Co.) and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The number of leaves and fresh weight of Chinese cabbage were not different, but the plant height was increased due to foggy condition. 2. Plant height was decreased in 40 and 60 days of weed competition by foggy condition, the number of leaves was not different. And, shoot fresh weight was decreased by in all the duration of weed competition under foggy condition. Especially, that was greater in 40 days. 3. The shoot fresh weight was decreased by pendimethaline and napropamide application under foggy condition. Also, the number of leaves was decreased at 60 days after transplanting by pendimethaline application under foggy condition. 4. Pendimethalin, napropamide and alachlor treatments were not different in the weeding efficacy between non-foggy and foggy conditions. Trifluraline showed lower weeding efficacy by seedling emergence of large crabgrass as the days of treatment got longer under foggy condition.

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Weed Emergence and It's Competition in the Differently Cropped Paddy Fields in Southern Districts (남부(南部)논에서의 수도작기변동(水稻作期變動)에 따른 잡초발생(雜草發生) 및 경합특성(競合特性)에 연구(硏究))

  • Heo, S.M.;Guh, J.O.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.24-34
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    • 1985
  • To estimate the fundamental situation of weed emergence and it's competition to paddy rice (critical competition period and threshold level) in the southern paddy area in Korea, two rice cultivars (Pungsanbyo and Tongjinbyo) under two cropping periods (Mono- and After-barley-cropping) were experimented. As a result, the dominant weed species (Monochoria vaginalis and Scirpus juncoides Roxb.) and the better emerging conditions (rather at the monocropping and cv. Punsanbyo) were identified. Also, the main components of yield decrease (25-55% of the weed-free check) of both cultivars as affected by weed competition were the number of spikelets, panicle and ripening rate in monocropping, and the ripening rate and grain weight in after-barley-cropping, respectively. Under the situation of combinated dominance with Monochoria v. and Scirpus j. among others, the duration of critical competition periods was enlarged.

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Specifics in Weed Competition and Herbicide Response of Korean Lawngrass(Zoysia japonica) under Foggy Condition (안개에 기인하는 한국(韓國)들잔디(Zoysia japonica)의 잡초경합(雜草競合) 및 제초제반응(除草劑反應) 특이성(特異性))

  • Guh, J.O.;Lee, B.R.;Chon, S.U.;Han, S.U.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.262-269
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    • 1995
  • The reseach was conducted to find out if there are any difference in growth, specific pattern in weed competition, and herbicide response of Korean lawngrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.) in a green house equipped with auto-foggy system. Plant height and leaf stage of Korean lowngrass under foggy condition were increased through all growing stages, whereas the number of tillers and shoot fresh weight harvested at 100 days after seeding were reduced by 24% and 29%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition. Weed emergence(total fresh weight) under foggy condition was much greater than that under non-foggy condition. Plant height, number of tillers, number of plant and shoot fresh weight of lawngrass under foggy condition were severely reduced with increasing the duration of competition(above 40 day-competition). Among the herbicides treated, oxyfluorfen completely inhibited plant height of lawngrass regardless of foggy condition, and bensulide considerably inhibited plant height of lawngrass under foggy condition. On the other hand, flazasulfuron did not affect the growth of lawngrass under both foggy and non-foggy conditions. At 40 days after herbicides application, weeding efficacy of bensulide and mecoprop under foggy condition were reduced by 6% and 13%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition.

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Effects of Some Common Weed Species on Pinus radiata Seedling Growth (몇 가지 잡초종(雜草種)이 라디아타소나무 유묘생장(幼苗生長)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Seo, Byung-Soo;Richardson, Brian;Vanner, Arthur;Coker, Graham
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.86 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1997
  • Second year results are presented from a trial designed to quantify the reduction in radiata pine(Pinus radiata D. Don) seedling growth caused by competition from a range of important weed species on a moist North Island site in New Zealand. Radiates pine seedlings(1/0) were grown on the weed free control and with either herbaceous broadleaves, grass, broom, pampas, buddleia, or gorse. Resource(nutrient and water) levels were varied by factorial +/- irrigation and fertilizer treatments. Radiata pine seedling volume growth 21 months after planting was greatest when it was grown on the weed free control or in association with gorse, and was least when grown with either buddleia or pampas. There was no evidence that the effects of the weeds on seedling growth were mediated by either competition for water or nutrients. Tall, fast-growing species that overtopped the seedlings(broom, buddleia, pampas) had the greatest effect on seedling growth and the magnitude of the effect was correlated with degree of overtopping. This implies that shading or competition for light is probably an important factor.

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