• 제목/요약/키워드: zeaxanthin

검색결과 96건 처리시간 0.038초

Cloning and Characterization of the Zeaxanthin Glucosyltransferase Gene (crtX) from the Astaxanthin-Producing Marine Bacterium, Paracoccus haeundaensis

  • Seo, Yong-Bae;Choi, Seong-Seok;Nam, Soo-Wan;Lee, Jae-Hyung;Kim, Young-Tae
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제19권12호
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    • pp.1542-1546
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    • 2009
  • Zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase (CrtX) mediates the formation of zeaxanthin to zeaxanthin diglucoside. Here, we report cloning of the crtX gene responsible for zeaxanthin diglucoside biosynthesis from Paracoccus haeundaensis and the production of the corresponding carotenoids in transformed cells carrying this gene. An expression plasmid containing the crtX gene (pSTCRT-X) was constructed, and Escherichia coli cells containing this plasmid produced the recombinant protein of approximately 46 kDa. Biosynthesis of zeaxanthin diglucoside was obtained when the plasmid pSTCRT-X was co-transformed into E. coli containing the pET-44a(+)-CrtEBIYZ carrying crtE, crtB, crtI, crtY, and crtZ genes required for zeaxanthin $\beta$-D-diglucoside biosynthesis.

개불의 carotenoid 색소성분 (Carotenoid Pigments in Echiurid, Urechis unicinctus)

  • 김수영;하봉석
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.223-231
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    • 1999
  • 어류 이외의 해양생물의 carotenoid 조성에 관한 비교 생화학적 연구의 일환으로 환형동물문의 개불의 carotenoid 색소성분을 Thin layer chromatography, Column chromatography 및 HPLC로 분리한 후, UV spectrometer, IR spectrometer 그리고 NMR 및 Mass spectrometer를 이용하여 분석, 비교, 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 개불의 총 carotenoid 함량이 3월에 1.19mg/100g 4월에 0.98mg/100g 그리고 5월에는 0.84mg/100g로서 서식 수온이 상승할수록 총 carotenoid의 함량이 감소했다. 채취시기에 따른 개불의 carotenoid 조성의 함량비의 변화를 보면, 3월에는 diatoxanthin monoester $16.3\%$, $\beta$-carotene $14.8\%$ 및 cynthiaxanthin monoester $12.6\%$가 주성분을 이루고 그 외 anthiaxanthin diester $8.4\%$, zeaxanthin monoester $8.2\%$%, diatoxanthin diester $7.3\%$, astaxanthin $4.2\%$, diatoxanthin $2.9\%$, triol $2.4\%$, anthiaxanthin $2.3\%$, isocryptoxanthin $1.7\%$, zeaxanthin diester $1.5\%$, zeaxanthin $0.8\%$ 및 lutein $0.5\%$의 순으로 함유하였으며, 4월에는 diatoxanthin monoester $21.9\%$, anthiaxanthin monoester $17.2\%$$\beta$-carotene $16.6\%$가 주성분을 이루고 그 외 zeaxanthin monoester $10.9\%$, cynthiaxanthin diester $5.6\%$, diatoxanthin diester $4.9\%$, astaxanthin $3.1\%$, triol $2.4\%$, diatoxanthin $2.3\%$, isocryptoxanthin $1.7\%$, lutein $1.5\%$, zeaxanthin $1.1\%$, cynthiaxanthin $1.0\%$ 및 zeaxanthin diester $1.0\%$의 순으로 함유하였고 그리고 5월에는 diaoxanthin monoester $25.3\%$, anthiaxanthin monoester $19.7\%$, $\beta$-carotene $13.0\%$ 및 zeaxanthin monoester $12.6\%$가 주성분을 이루고 그 외 cynthiaxanthin diester $5.8\%$, diatoxanthin $5.1\%$, astaxanthin $3.0\%$, triol $2.4\%$, diatoxanthin $2.2\%$, isocryptoxanthin $1.3\%$, zeaxanthin $1.2\%$, zeaxanthin diester $1.1\%$, lutein $1.0\%$ 및 cynthiaxanthin $0.9\%$의 순으로 함유하여 개불의 총 carotenoid에는 monoester형 carotenoid의 함량비가 $37.1\~57.6\%$ 및 diester형 carotenoids의 함량비가 $11.5\~17.2\%$로서 주성분을 이룬다. 한편, 개불에서 총 cantenoid 함량이 감소함에 따라 또한 해수의 수온이 상승함에 따라 zeaxanthin monoester, diatoxanthin monoester 및 cynthiaxanthin monoester의 함량비는 증가하는 반면, zeaxanthin diester, diatoxanthin diester 및 anthiaxanthin diester의 함량 비는 감소하여 특이하였다.

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양식 담수어 및 해산어의 사료 Carotenoids 대사의 비교와 체색개선에 미치는 영향 (Comparison of Dietary Carotenoids Metabolism and Effects to Improve the Body Color of Cultured Fresh-water Fishes and Marine Fishes)

  • 하봉석;권문정;박미연;백승한;김수영;백인옥;강석중
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.270-284
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    • 1997
  • 무지개 송어, 산천어, 뱀장어, 볼락 및 우럭에 대한 사료 carotenoids의 체내대사와 체색 개선효과를 검토하기 위하여, 사료에 ${\beta}-carotene$, lutein, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin 및 ${\beta}-apo-8’-carotenal$을 각각 첨가하여 4 내지 5주간 사육하여 표피의 carotenoids 성분의 변화를 분석, 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 무지개 송어 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, zeaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$ 및 canthaxanthin이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 lutein, isocryptoxanthin 및 salmoxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 canthaxanthin 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, astaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$ 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 무지개 송어 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는, ${\beta}-carotene$이 isocryptoxanthin, echinenone 및 canthaxanthin을 경유하여 astaxanthin으로 lutein은 canthaxanthin으로 산화되고, canthaxanthin은 isozeaxanthin을 경유하여 ${\beta}-carotene$으로 환원되며 astaxanthin은 triol을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. 산천어 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, zeaxanthin이 주성분이며, 그 외 triol, lutein, tunaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$, ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ 및 canthaxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 canthaxanthin 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, lutein, ${\beta}-carotene$ 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 산천어 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는, ${\beta}-carotene$이 zeaxanthin으로 산화되고, lutein은 tunaxanthin을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 환원되고, canthaxanthin은 ${\beta}-carotene$을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 산화되며 astaxanthin은 triol을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. 뱀장어 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, ${\beta}-carotene$이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 lutein, zeaxanthin 및${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$등이 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 lutein 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸었고, canthaxanthin astaxanthin 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 뱀장어 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는, ${\beta}-carotene$과 lutein은 그대로 축적되며, canthaxanthin은 ${\beta}-carotene$으로 그리고 astaxanthin은 zeaxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정 할 수 있었다. 볼락 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, zeaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$, tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B, tunaxanthin C 및 lutein이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$, astaxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 lutein 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, ${\beta}-carotene$, canthaxanthin 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 볼락 표피에서의 carotenoids의 대사경로는, ${\beta}-carotene$은 lutein으로 산화되며, lutein, canthaxanthin astaxanthin 및 ${\beta}-apo-8'-carotenal$은 zeaxanthin을 경유하여 tunaxanthin으로 각각 산화 및 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. 우럭 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, ${\beta}-carotene$, astaxanthin 및 zeaxanthin이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$, ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, lutein 및 canthaxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 lutein 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, canthaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$ 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 우럭 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는 ${\beta}-carotene$${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$으로 산화되고, lutein은 ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$을 경유하여 ${\beta}-carotene$으로 환원되고, canthaxanthin은 ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, zeaxanthin을 경유하여 ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$으로 환원되며, astaxanthin은 isocryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin을 경유하여 tunaxanthin으로 대사되며, ${\beta}-apo-8’-carotenal$${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, zeaxanthin을 경유하여 ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다.

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Antihepatotoxic zeaxanthins from the Fruits of Lycium chinense

  • Kim, Sun-Yeou;Kim, Hong-Pyo;Huh, Hoon;Kim, Young-Choong
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.529-532
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    • 1997
  • A $CHCl_3$:MeOH extract of the fruit of Lycium chinense Mill. (Solanaceae) was found to afford significant protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin dipalmitate as antihepatotoxic components. Incubation of injured hepatocytes with zeaxanthin dipalmitate reduced the levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) released from damaged cells to 60.5% and 76.3% of those released from untreated controls, respectively. Zeaxanthin also reduced the levels of GPT and SDH to 68.5% and 61.3% of the levels of those released from the untreated contro. The results confirm the hepatoprotective activities of zeaxanthins. Antihepatotoxic activities of zeaxanthins are comparable to that of silybin.

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Improvement of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Production in Mychonastes sp. 247 by Optimizing Light Intensity and Culture Salinity Conditions

  • Seong-Joo Hong;Kyung June Yim;Young-Jin Ryu;Choul-Gyun Lee;Hyun-Jin Jang;Ji Young Jung;Z-Hun Kim
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.260-267
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    • 2023
  • In this study, we sought to improve lutein and zeaxanthin production in Mychonastes sp. 247 and investigated the effect of environmental factors on lutein and zeaxanthin productivity in Mychonastes sp. The basic medium selection and N:P ratio were adjusted to maximize cell growth in one-stage culture, and lutein and zeaxanthin production conditions were optimized using a central composite design for two-stage culture. The maximum lutein production was observed at a light intensity of 60 μE/m2/s and salinity of 0.49%, and the maximum zeaxanthin production was observed at a light intensity of 532 μE/m2/s and salinity of 0.78%. Lutein and zeaxanthin production in the optimized medium increased by up to 2 and 2.6 folds, respectively, compared to that in the basic medium. Based on these results, we concluded that the optimal conditions for lutein and zeaxanthin production are different and that optimization of light intensity and culture salinity conditions may help increase carotenoid production. This study presents a useful and potential strategy for optimizing microalgal culture conditions to improve the productivity of lutein and zeaxanthin, which has applications in the functional food field.

칼납자루이 사료 Carotenoids 대사와 체색개선에 미치는 영향 (Metabolism of Dietary Carotenoids and Effects to Improve the Body Color of Oily Bittering, Acheilognathus koreensis)

  • 백승한;김현영;김수영;정계임;권문정;김종현;하봉석
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.1099-1106
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    • 1999
  • Effects of dietary carotenoids were investigated on metabolism of the carotenoids, and body pigmen tation in oily bittering, Acheilognathus koreensis. Two weeks later after depletion,oily bitterings were fed the diets supplemented with either lutein, cynthiaxanthin and astaxathin for 4 weeks. Carotenoids distributed to and metabolized in integument were analyed. The carotenoid isolated from the integument of wild oily bittering, composed of 47.2% zeaxanthin, 11.4% lutein epoxide, 11.0% diatoxanthin, 9.7% lutein and 8.3% zeaxanthin epoxide. Meanwhile, two weeks later after depletion, the carotenoid composed of 29.9% crytoxanthin, 19.3% zeaxanthin, 13.2% lutein epoxide, 12.0% diatoxanthin and 8.8% zeaxanthin epoxide. These indicated that zeaxanthin, diatoxanthin, lutein epoxide and zeaxanthin epoxide were actively metabolized in oily bittering, compared to that of other fresh water fish. Total carotenoid content in the integument of wild oily bittering and oily bittering depleted for two weeks was found to be 1.72mg% and 2.08mg%, respectively. Two weeks later after treatment of experimental diet, total carotenoids content was increased to 2.23mg% in lutein, 2.36mg% in cynthiaxanthin and 2.49mg% in astaxanthin supplemented group, which were relatively higher than 2.10mg% in control group. Meanwhile, 4 weeks later, total ca rotenoids content was decreased to 1.76mg% in control, 1.95mg% in lutein, 1.74mg% in cynthiaxanthin and 1.72mg% in astaxanthin supplemented groups. These result indicate that dietary carotenoids were rapidly accumulated and then metabolized to certain metabolites shortly after feeding. Body pigmentation effects of the carotenoids due to accumulation of carotenoids in the integument of oily bittering was the most effectively shown in the astaxanthin supplemented group, followed by cynthiaxanthin and lutein supplemented groups. In the integument of oily bittering, dietary carotenoids were presumably biotrans formed via either oxidative or reductive pathways as presumed the variation of total carotenoid content and carotenoid composition in all experimental groups. The lutein was oxidized either to astaxanthin via doradexanthin and doradexanthin, or to zeaxanthin epoxide via zeaxanthin by oxidative pathway. Cynthiaxanthin was converted either to diatoxanthin and zeaxanthin by reductive pathway and then to zeaxanthin epoxide by oxidative pathway, or it was converted to astaxanthin via diatoxanthin, zeaxan thin and doradexanthin by oxidative pathway. Astaxanthin was converted to doradexanthin and zeaxanthin by reductive pathway and then to zeaxanthin epoxide by oxidative pathway. These results suggest that, oxidative pathway of carotenoids was major metabolic pathway along with reductive path way in fresh water fish.

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UPLC를 이용한 lutein과 zeaxanthin의 분석법 검증 및 엽채류에서의 정량적 평가 (Method Validation and Quantification of Lutein and Zeaxanthin from Green Leafy Vegetables using the UPLC System)

  • 김선아;김지선
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제44권6호
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    • pp.686-691
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는 UPLC를 이용하여 lutein과 zeaxanthin을 단시간에 동시 분석할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 개발한 후 분석법에 대한 평가를 수행하였으며, 확립된 방법으로 6종의 엽채류에서 lutein과 zeaxanthin을 정량 분석하였다. 분석 컬럼은 Acquity UPLC BEH C18($1.7{\mu}m$, $2.1{\times}50mm$), 이동상 용매는 85% methanol을 사용하였으며, 검출파장은 450 nm, 이동상의 유속은 0.5 mL/min, 분석온도는 $40^{\circ}C$, 시료주입량은 $1.0{\mu}L$로 설정하여 분석하였다. 확립된 분석조건에서 lutein과 zeaxanthin의 피크머무름시간(RT)은 각각 4.35분과 4.56분이며, 표준용액의 피크머무름시간과 엽채류 시료들의 피크머무름시간은 일치하였다. lutein과 zeaxanthin에 대한 표준검정곡선은 $1-150{\mu}g/mL$ 농도범위에서 상관계수($r^2$)는 0.9968 이상의 양호한 직선성을 나타내어 분석에 적합함을 알 수 있었으며, 검출한계는 lutein과 zeaxanthin이 각각 $1.7{\mu}g/mL$$2.1{\mu}g/mL$, 정량한계는 lutein과 zeaxanthin이 각각 $5.1{\mu}g/mL$$6.3{\mu}g/mL$로 설정되었다. Lutein과 zeaxanthin의 회수율은 각각 95.76-105.13%와 91.75-103.24% 범위를 보였다. Lutein의 일내 RSD값은 4.65-7.33%, 일간 RSD값은 4.04-10.69%이었으며, zeaxanthin의 일내 RSD값은 5.41-7.31%, 일간 RSD값은 3.79-9.82%이었다. 확립된 분석법으로 한국인이 많이 섭취하는 녹색과 엽채류인 부추, 취나물, 원추리, 참나물, 돌나물 시금치에서 lutein과 zeaxanthin을 분석한 결과 lutein 함량은 시금치와 취나물이 $3.97{\pm}0.10mg$/100 g fw, $4.06{\pm}0.24mg$/100 g fw로 가장 높았으며, 참나물과 원추리가 $3.39{\pm}0.43mg$/100 g fw, $3.39{\pm}0.15$ mg/100 g fw로 높았다. Zeaxanthin의 경우 취나물과 원추리가 각각 $0.95{\pm}0.00mg$/100 g fw와 $0.96{\pm}0.01mg$/100 g fw로 가장 높았다. 본 연구에서 확립된 UPLC 분석법은 lutein과 zeaxanthin을 신속하고 효과적으로 동시 분석하는데 이용될 수 있을 것이며, 한국인이 많이 섭취하는 엽채류 중 시금치와 취나물은 lutein과 zeaxanthin의 좋은 식이 급원일 뿐 아니라, 꾸준히 섭취하면 눈건강에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

한국농촌 성인의 혈청 Carotenoids 농도와 이에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 (Levels and Factors Affecting Serum Carotenoids Concentrations of Adults Living in Rural Area of Korea)

  • 안윤진
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.489-498
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    • 1997
  • Recent researches suggest that carotenoids are important not only as provitamin A but also for prevention of chronic diseases. This study was conduction to determine levels and factors affecting serum levels of lutein + zeaxanthin, $\beta$-cryptoxanthin, and $\beta$-carotene in 93 adults living in rural area of Korea. Fasting blood samples were collected and serum carotenoid levels were measured by HPLC. Dietary intake was estimated by 24 hour recall method and frequency questionnare of major food groups. Mean serum concentration of lutein + zeaxanthin was 616.32 nmol/L, $\beta$-cryptoxanthin was 856.95nmol/L, and $\beta$-carotene was 242.90nmol/L. Serum $\beta$-carotene levels in study subjects were very low. Both $\beta$-cryptxanthin and $\beta$-carotene were negatively correlated with serum triglyceride and positively correlated with total-choesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Serum levels of female subjects were significantly higher than males in all carotenoids. For age groups, subjects in their 30's were shown to have the highest concentration of all carotenoids. Lutein + zeaxanthin were lowest in subjects in theri 40's while $\beta$-crytoxanthin and $\beta$-carotene levels were lowest in subjects in their 60's. The $\beta$-carotene levels in non-smokers were significantly higher than in drinkers. Lutein+zeaxanthin levels were significantly higher among subjects consuming more green and yellow vegetables by frequency questionnarie. In conclusion, serum carotenoids were affected by sex, age, serum lipids, smoking, and alcohol intake. Intake of vegetables and fruits could affect by sex, serum lipids, smoking, and alchol intake. Intake of vegetables and fruits could affect serum lutein+zeaxanthin level. This data indicated that compared to other studies, Korean adults in rural areas have high lutein+zeaxanthin concentratins and low $\beta$-carotene concentrations in serum. High lutein+zeaxanthin levels may be related to high consumption of vegetables in these subjects.

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Gene Expression Analysis of Zeaxanthin Epoxidase from the Marine Microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta in Response to Light/Dark Cycle and Salinity

  • Kim, Minjae;Kang, Yongsoo;Jin, EonSeon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권9호
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    • pp.1453-1459
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    • 2019
  • Zeaxanthin is an important pigment in the photo-protection mechanism of microalgae. However, zeaxanthin epoxidase, an enzyme involved in the accumulation and conversion of zeaxanthin, has not been extensively studied in microalgae. In this work, we report the expression pattern of zeaxanthin epoxidase in Dunaliella tertiolecta (DtZEP) at different light and diverse salinity conditions. To confirm the responsiveness to light conditions, the ZEP expression pattern was investigated in photoperiodic (16 h of light and 8 h of dark) and continuous (24 h of light and 0 h of dark) light conditions. mRNA expression levels in photoperiodic conditions fluctuated along with the light/dark cycle, whereas those in continuous light remained unchanged. In varying salinity conditions, the highest mRNA and protein levels were detected in cells cultured in 1.5 M NaCl, and ZEP expression levels in cells shifted from 0.6 M NaCl to 1.5 M NaCl increased gradually. These results show that mRNA expression of DtZEP responds rapidly to the light/dark cycle or increased salinity, whereas changes in protein synthesis do not occur within a short period. Taken together, we show that DtZEP gene expression responds rapidly to light irradiation and hyperosmotic stress. In addition, ZEP expression patterns in light or salinity conditions are similar to those of higher plants, even though the habitat of D. tertiolecta is different.