• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1996

Spinal cord injury in child often occurs without evidence of fracture or dislocation. The mechanisms of neural damage in this syndrome of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality(SCIWORA) include flexion, hyperextension, longitudinal distraction, and ischemia. Inherent elasticity of the vertebral column in infants and young children, among other age-related anatomical peculiarities, render the pediatric spine exceedingly vulnerable to deforming forces. The neurological lesions encountered in this syndrome include a high incidence of complete and severe partial cord lesions. Children younger than 8years old sustain more serious neurological damage and suffer a larger number of upper cervical cord lesions than children aged over 8 years. Of the children with SCIWORA. 52% have delayed onset of paralysis up to 4 days after injury, and most of these children recall transient paresthesia, numbness, or subjective paralysis. The long-term prognosis in cases of SCIWORA is grim. Most children with complete and severe lesions do not recover; only those with initially mild neural injuries make satisfactory neurological recovery.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.74-83
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to extract information of lower body type's classification on pre-school children. To this end, 325 younger children living in the capital area and aged from 4 to 6 were sampled to be subject to the measurement of their somatotypes. The results are as follows. 1. The changes in the physical types of pre-school children, as they growing older, show the following tow peculiarities, first, in terms of vertical change, the height grows so rapidly that the proportion of the lower part of the body gets longer. And second, in terms of horizontal change, their growth is more distinctive in the width and the girth than in the thickness, which transforms their body into more or loss a dumpy form. 2. The analysis of the lower body of pre-school children allows us to distinguish two types of group. The first type has a smaller body, short in every part of body, which represents the body of four year-old children. On the contrary, the second type show much bigger body, especially the lower part of the body having a longer proportion, and it represents the body of six year-old children. the physical type and the gender have no relation, which means that we cna fidn both male and female children uniformly in both types.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2016

Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly during childhood and causes various diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and iron deficiency anemia. Although H. pylori infection in children differs from adults in many ways, this is often overlooked in clinical practice. Unlike adults, nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection. Histopathological findings of gastric tissues are also different in children due to predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the formation of gastric MALT. Although endoscopy is recommended for the initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection, several non-invasive diagnostic tests such as the urea breath test (UBT) and the H. pylori stool antigen test (HpSA) are available and well validated even in children. According to recent data, both the $^{13}C$-UBT and HpSA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are reliable non-invasive tests to determine H. pylori status after eradication therapy, although children younger than 6 years are known to have high false positives. When invasive or noninvasive tests are applied to children to detect H. pylori infection, it should be noted that there are differences between children and adults in diagnosing H. pylori infection.

• 아동학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.91-108
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• 1994

This study investigated the relation between verbal abuse by parents and children's maladjusted emotional behavior. The sampling consisted of 628 children in 16 classes out of every three elementary schools and one middle school. Instruments used for this study were the Verbal Abuse Measure, Parent-to-child violence items of the Conflict Tactics Scales, Emotional Maladjustment Behavior Scale, and Socioeconmic Status. Methods applied to data analysis were multiple regression, logistic regression and logistic curve graphic display. The major findings were ; (1) Of all subjects, almost 20% experienced at least one instance in which they were victims of verbal abuse during the year covered by this study. (2) As the amount of physical abuse by parents increased the verbal abuse by parents increased. The older children experienced more verbal abuse than the younger ones. (3) Verbal abuse by parents was more highly related to maladjusted emotional behavior of the children than physical abuse by parents. (4) Regardless of the physical violence by parents, verbal abuse by parents was associated with maladjusted emotional behavior of children. Children who were subjected to both verbal and physical abuse were more strongly related to withdrawal, hyperactivity, and obsessive-compulsions than children experienced either one or the other.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.141-159
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• 2017

The main purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence sleep duration and sleep time poverty in terms of family characteristics, child characteristics, and time use. A series of data analyses were conducted on children's time use in two-parent families based on the 2013 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. One major finding is that children's sleep duration and the probability of having a sleep time poverty are related to their mothers' job classifications. The factors influencing the duration of sleep time and the sleep time poverty are similar in terms of family characteristics and children's time use. The mother's job classification, family income, number of younger siblings, number of older siblings, children's private tutoring hours, computer game hours, and TV hours are statistically significant factors affecting the duration of sleep time and the probability of having a sleep time poverty. However, the factor with greatest influence on sleep time duration is private tutoring hours and the factor most affecting sleep time poverty is computer game hours. The mother's job classification is a relatively powerful determinant for predicting her children's sleep duration and sleep time poverty.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1985

The Purpose of this study is to investigate both the value consciousness of home management and home management activities which urban low-paid housewives have and to find out the value consciousness of home management has an influence upon the home management activities. The results obtained area as follows; 1) Most of urban low-paid housewives are place in a traditional position of home management as a housekeeper or as a family leader. 2)But partially they gave more or less modern standpoints in consuming, planning and family relationship. 3) The value consciousness of home management of urban low-paid housewives is variable according to housewives' age (P<.05), education (P<.001), numbers of children(P<0.5) and wording experiences before marriage (P<0.1). The younger respondonts showed rather modernistic value consciousness of home management. The respondonts who have high educational level showed the same result. It is also strong points form them to habe few children and to have working experiences before marriage. 4) while the home management activities of urban low-paid housewives are positive as for connecting with human relationship, consuming and evaluating they are negative as for connecting with planning, creativity and housekeeping. 5)On the whole, the home management activities are variable by housewives' age (P<.05). The younger showed more effective home management abilities. 6) the home management activities of urban low-paid housewives are influenced by the value consciousness of home management. The more modernistic value consciousness of home management is connected directed directly with excellent home management activities.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.521-530
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• 2009

This study was conducted to assess dietary pattern and dietary diversity of preschool children by investigating their food consumption. To accomplish this, dietary intake survey (24 hour-recall food diary) was administered to 508 children aged between 4 to 6 years old from 4 kindergartens in the Daegu area (415 were completed). By using CAN pro 3.0 for professionals, the dietary patterns and dietary diversity scores of each food group were examined by age and sex. Data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0, and $\chi^2$, t-test and Anova test, and Duncan's multiple range test used for verifying significance. For 4~5-year-old group, boys had significantly more fruit and meats than girls (p < 0.05), but girls had more dairy food than boys with no significance. For 6-year-old group, boys had significantly more foods, milk and dairy foods than girls (p<0.05), and also boys had more vegetables and fruit than girls with no significance. For DDS (Dietary Diversity Score), the score of 6-year-old group was significantly higher than that of younger children (p < 0.05) and the older the age was, the higher the score was. Dietary Pattern (GMVFD) was verified by 8 types, and the ratio of taking all five food groups (GMVFD = 11111) of the 6-year-old group was 48.8%. Children with older ages had more various foods than younger ones (p < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of taking less than the minimal intake of dairy foods of girls (48.1%) was higher than that of boys (41.3%). As results, unbalanced diet, overeating and not eating unbalanced diet were revealed as the problematic dietary habits among preschool children, and those habits may change positively with knowledge on nutrition grow on. Therefore, nutritional characteristics and importance of preschool children should be taught to parents and caregivers, and it must be practical and ready to use in cooking for these children to healthy dietary habits.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2014

Purpose: Trauma is one of the most common causes of death for children, and identifying severely injured children quickly in an overcrowded emergency room (ER) is difficult. Therefore, severe injury must be prevented, and the severity of injuries in children must be determined easily from their general characteristics and pre-hospital factors. Methods: Injured children younger than 15 years of age who visited the ER from June 2011 to May 2013 were enrolled. According to the revised trauma score (RTS) of the patients, the study population was divided in two groups, a severe group (RTS<7) and a mild group ($RTS{\geq}7$). The general characteristics and the pre-hospital factors were compared between the two groups. Results: Six hundred seventy-three children were enrolled, their mean age was 8.03 (${\pm}4.45$) years, and 476 (70.73%) patients were male. Of these patients, 22 patients (3.27%) were in the severe group, and 651 patients (96.73%) were in the mild group. Fewer males were in the severe group than in the mild group (50.00% vs. 71.43%, p=0.030), and children in the severe group were younger than children in the mild group (3.50 vs. 8.00 years, p=0.049). In the severe group, toddlers (54.55%, p=0.036) were the most common age group. Severe injuries occurred more often in spring (32.81%) and summer (54.56%) than in autumn (9.09%) and winter (4.55%) (p=0.026). The most common places of injury in the severe group were roads (50.00%, p=0.009), and the most common mechanisms of injury in the severe group were traffic accidents (50.00%), followed by falls (31.82%) (p=0.011). Most severely injured children were transferred by ambulance (72.73%, p=0.000). Conclusion: The results of this study may be helpful for identifying severely injured children quickly in the field and the ER. To prevent severe pediatric injuries, precautions and policies based on these results should be established.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.359-363
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• 2015

Objective : Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt complication is a major obstacle in the management of hydrocephalus. To study the differences of VP shunt complications between children and adults, we analyzed shunt revision surgery performed at our hospital during the past 10 years. Methods : Patients who had undergone shunt revision surgery from January 2001 to December 2010 were evaluated retrospectively by chart review about age distribution, etiology of hydrocephalus, and causes of revision. Patients were grouped into below and above 20 years old. Results : Among 528 cases of VP shunt surgery performed in our hospital over 10 years, 146 (27.7%) were revision surgery. Infection and obstruction were the most common causes of revision. Fifty-one patients were operated on within 1 month after original VP shunt surgery. Thirty-six of 46 infection cases were operated before 6 months after the initial VP shunt. Incidence of shunt catheter fracture was higher in younger patients compared to older. Two of 8 fractured catheters in the younger group were due to calcification and degradation of shunt catheters with fibrous adhesion to surrounding tissue. Conclusion : The complications of VP shunts were different between children and adults. The incidence of shunt catheter fracture was higher in younger patients. Degradation of shunt catheter associated with surrounding tissue calcification could be one of the reasons of the difference in facture rates.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to discover similarities and dissimilarities in life style and other factors for housing choices between two generations living in same household. It will provide knowledge that is helpful in understanding the two generations and develop marketing strategies for houses as a commodity that accommodates the life style of both generations. The data of this study were collected from October to November 2003, using a structured, self-report questionnaire that contains questions on 40 dimensions of life style and 33 items on housing choices. The original respondents consisted of 307 university students and their parents living in Seoul. The ages of the younger generation were limited from ぉ to 29. The final participants in this study included 224 sets of university students and their parents, that is, about 448 respondents. Frequency, percentage, factor analysis, paired t-test and means were used for data analysis. The results show that the life style may be divided into nine sub-types. There were generational differences in If-oriented lifestyle, Conservative lifestyle, As- service self-expression lifestyle, Pragmatic lifestyle, Convenience lifestyle, Self-development lifestyle, and Leisure-oriented lifestyle. Especially in the categories of Convenience lifestyle, If-oriented lifestyle and Positive Self-expression lifestyle, the younger generation ranked higher than their parents. The most important factors in housing choice may be divided into eight sub-categories. Among them are economic factors, housing amenities, housing design, distance from parents and children, social and environmental qualifies, and distance from work place and school. The two generations differed over the importance of the factors. The younger generation particularly valued the factors of distance from parents and children, housing amenities, housing design.