• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1998

The Fp1 gene, originally isolated from red pepper seedlings, encode the iron storage protein, and have a high homology with ferritin genes at DNA and amino acid level. In order to determine ferritin protein expression in vegetative tissue. Fp1 gene was constructed in plant expression vector(PIG12IHm) and introduced in red pepper(var. Bukang, Chungyang and Kalag-Kimjang 2) via Agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated transformation. After selection on MS media containing Kanamycin(Km), putatively selected transformants were confirmed by amplification of selectable marker gene(Fp1 and NPII) by polymerase chain reaction. Northern blot showed that transcripts of Fp1 gene were detected in mature leaves of the plants. In A6, A7 and A8 and A14 of transgenic plants, transcript of Fp1 gene was increased seven-fold to eight-fold than other transgenic plants. Also the proteins obtained from leaves of transgenic plants were immunologically detected by Western blot using rabbit anti-ferritin polyclonal antibody. The expression protein appeared as strong band of apparent mass of 23.5kDa. suggesting the iron accumulation in transgenic red pepper plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.889-895
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of subirrigation of Dolrido on the growth and development of stem cutting and young roes plant. Plant growth was measured at 20, 40, and 60 days after subirrigation of Dolrido. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and root length of cutting rose subirrigation were more affected than those of control. The growth of young seedling was significantly affected by subirrigation of Dolrido. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry weight were increased with subirrigation of Dolrido. However, T/R ratio was not affected by subirrigation of Dolrido. Growth of seedlings was promoted after 60 days treatment of Dolrido.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2001

Roots of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris var. chinensis) seedlings infected with Plasmodiophora brassicae were examined by light and electron microscopy to reveal histopathological changes related to pathogenesis in the susceptible host. The pathogen colonized the cortex and partly the stele as well, invading up to the xylem. Gall tissues could be differentiated from the initially infected tissues, involving less compact organization and new vascular development. The infected cells were much hypertrophied, and contained one to several plasmodia. Except cellular hypertrophy, no pathological ultrastructural modification was noted in the infected calls. Infected cytoplasm became dense with ground cytoplasm, inconspicuous central vacuole, and increased cellular organelles such as mitochondria and dictyosomes. There were two types of nuclear states of plasmodium, uninucleate and multinucleate. Both plasmodia were structurally similar, filled with lipid droplets, bounded with envelope, and containing mitochondria, endo-plasmic reticulum, and sometimes small vacuoles. Plasmodial fragmentation, which may be regarded as a way to discharge plasmodial materials into host cytoplasm, commonly occurred, forming plasmodial fragments by outgrowth of plasmodial cytoplasm and regional compartmentalization. Plasmodial fragments were degenerated sometimes followed by forming chains of spherical vesicles especially in the uninucleate plasmodial state. These ultrastructural features indicate the biotrophic nature of the pathogen associated with its pathogenesis in the susceptible host.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.601-607
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ozone pollution on the one woody species and two indoor plants in controlled environment. Pinus densiflora, Spathiphyllum patinii and Epipremnum aureum seedlings were exposed in both control and ozone chambers to investigate photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, antioxidative enzyme activities such as GR(Glutathione reductase) and APX(Ascorbate peroxidase) activity and leaf anatomical response. Ozone was fumigated 8 hours for a day with 30 ppb concentration for 50 days. Pinus densiflora seedlings showed no significant difference on photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity during ozone exposure. Ozone concentration (30 ppb in this study) is not high enough to generate ozone damage on Pinus densiflora species. In contrast, ozone generally altered photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme (especially GR) activity and leaf anatomy in two indoor species (Spathiphyllum patinii and Epipremnum aureum) exposed in ozone chamber were significantly differ from those of control in every measurement. These data suggest that two indoor species(Spathiphyllum patinii and Epipremnum aureum) are more sensitive to ozone than Pinus densiflora.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mechanical stimulation and growth regulators known to control overgrowth in hot temperature tomato transplants on the seedling quality and the growth and yield after planting. Brushing and impedance were applied as mechanical stimulation, and diniconazole and hexaconazole as chemical growth regulator were used in various ways at different concentrations and treatment times. Diniconazole treatment regardless of concentration and treatment times reduced plant height, leaf area and fresh weight of young plant. Though treatments of high concentration and many times reduced the yield of tomato after planting, these of proper amount and proper times maintained the level of control. Hexaconazole treatment controlled less plant height of transplants than diniconazole, and its effect also didn't support continuously after planting. However, hexaconazole treatment reduced the yield due to little fruit number and malformed plants, and also delayed the harvesting time as compared to the control. Both brushing and impedance controlled plant height of transplants. However, impedance treatment reduced the yield due to malformed plants after planting, and also delayed the harvesting time, while brushing treatment didn't reduced growth and yield as compared to the control. From the above results, it was thought that proper application of brushing and diniconazole can control excessive overgrowth without reducing yield.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2010

The irrigation interval and time for the supply of nutrient and water to the plant is important in the aeroponic system. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation interval on the growth of Phalaenopsis hybrid seedlings in the aeroponic system. Young bare-root plants (four leaves, 16 g in fresh weight) were used for this experiment. The composition of nutrient solution was, in $me{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 9 N, 3 P, 4 K, 4 Ca and 2 Mg. The electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of nutrient solution used was $1.2\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and 5.8, respectively. Irrigation intervals were 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minute and each irrigation time was 10 minute. The total fresh and dry weight, the number of branched roots, and relative growth rate at the 20 and 30 min. was greater than 10, 40, 50 min. interval. Especially, the fresh weight of roots at 30 min. interval was the highest. Leaf length was the highest at 30 min. interval but there was no difference in leaf width. The amount of water consumed for a month was 0.71 L per plant and it was reduced with increasing irrigation interval. There was no difference in the amount of consumed mineral contents for 15 days except for potassium. Potassium absorbed was the highest at 30 min. irrigation interval. As a result, the optimum irrigation interval was 30 min for the production of Phalaenopsis hybrid seedlings in the aeroponic system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the growth characteristics of seedlings of several major fruit vegetables and compare them between plants grown with the conventional plug seedling system (Plug) and those grown with the cylindrical paper pot system (CPP). There were no significant differences in shoot growth characteristics, such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight, and fresh weight, between tomato, cucumber, and watermelon plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. The total root lengths of tomato and cucumber plants grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP at the beginning of seedling growth, and the total root lengths of watermelon grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP throughout the whole seedling period. The length of root that separated five steps according to the diameter of the root of tomato did not differ between CPP and Plug, but those of cucumber and watermelon were 20-251% longer with Plug than with CPP for all kinds of roots. The fresh weight of Plug-grown tomato roots was about 30% heavier than that of CPP-grown tomato during the seedling period, but the difference decreased as growth progressed. Finally, there was no difference between plants before and after transplanting. The fresh weights of the Plug-grown plants were about 20-30% heavier than those of CPP-grown ones in terms of the whole seedling. After transplanting to the Wagner pot, the shoot growth of Plug-grown watermelon plants in terms of dry weight was low until 7 days had passed. However, this tendency was reversed from 8 days after transplantation onward. In conclusion, there were no significance differences in the growth of shoots between plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. However, root development was better with Plug than with CPP.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.440-446
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• 2008

Successful germination and establishment of seedlings in flooded paddy are critical in direct seeding cultivation of rice. In this study, we examined the relationship between antioxidant enzymes and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities and coleoptile elongation under submergence of deep water with two rice cultivars, Iksan429 and Woodrose, which show characteristic coleoptile elongation under hypoxic condition. The growth of shoot under submerged in water was faster than the root. The survival duration was longer in Iksan429 than in Woodrose under submerged in water. The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities were significantly increased under hypoxia compared to in aerated condition. The ADH activity was increased in Iksan429 more than in Woodrose under hypoxia. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Iksan429 was gradually increased up to 5 days after treatment (DAT) then decreased slowly till 14 DAT under water, whereas in Woodrose it was dramatically decreased after 5 DAT. The peroxidase (POX) activity in Iksan429 was significantly increased until 7 DAT under hypoxia, whereas it was not significantly different in Woodrose during hypoxic treatment. However, in non-treated condition, POX activity in Woodrose was increased more than Iksan429. The changes of catalase (CAT) activities showed no differences in both cultivars. We suggest that the overexpression of ADH, SOD and POX activities is responsible for the hypoxic tolerance and plays an important role in the surviving of rice seedling.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

We examined seedlings of two species (Ilex rotunda and Illicium anisatum) which have a different level of shade tolerance and raised them under different light regimes (full sunlight and 50% shading). After 12 months, we investigated chlorophyll content (Chl. a, Chl. b and Chl. a+b), photosynthetic systems (photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, dark respiration rate and quantum yield), intercellular $CO_2$ concentration and water use efficiency to show acclimation reaction to different light conditions. Seedlings grown under full sunlight showed lower chlorophyll content than those in the shading regime. There was a significant difference between the full sunlight and shade treatments in I. anisatum (shade tolerance species). I. rotunda (intermediate species) showed high photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency over PPFD $1000\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ to full sunlight. Also, I. anisatum grown under full sunlight showed lower photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency over a range of all PPFD. This result showed that I. rotunda has a more flexible reaction system than that of I. anisatum.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.767-772
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find out required time for recovery of nutritional disorder by Fe-DTPA treatment in induced Fe-deficient tomato cultivars and to select stable Fe-chelate in high pH of nutrient solution. The pH levels of nutrient solution were amended with 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0. Then Fe-EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ferric-sodium salt), Fe-DTPA (Sodium ferric diethylenetriamine pentaacetate), and Fe-EDDHA (Ethylenediamine-N,N-bis (2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) ferric-sodium salt)) were treated as Fe $2.0mg\;L^{-1}$ concentration. The Fe-DTPA and Fe-EDDHA were stable in the nutrient solution of pH 6.0~8.0 but Fe-EDTA in nutrient solution of pH 8.0 was to become insoluble by 25%. The Fe $2.0mg\;L^{-1}$ as Fe-DTPA was treated for recovery of Fe deficient tomato seedlings. In case of Redyoyo and Supersunroad cultivars, total chlorophyll and Fe contents of leaves were recovered as much as those of normal leaves in 5 days. The Rafito cultivar for complete recovery was taken 7 days. When Fe $2.0mg\;L^{-1}$ as Fe-DTPA was supplied to Fe-deficient tomato seedlings, in geotype, heme oxigenase recovered as much as normal leaves in 24 hours in the Rafito and Redyoyo. However, it was not remarkable difference by elapsed time in the Supersunroad.