• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1179-1189
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to examine the effects of supplemental vitamin D on laying performance, metabolic profile and egg quality of hens fed diets containing different fat sources and levels. Lohman strains (n = 480) were assigned to one of 10 diets: basal diet (BD), BD plus 2.5 and 5.0% sunflower oil (SO) or tallow (T) at vitamin D provided $1{\times}$ and $3{\times}$ of the current recommendation. The experiment lasted from week 30 to 44 of age. Each diet was tested in 12 replicate cages of 4 hens. Production, metabolism, and egg quality data were subjected to three-way ANOVA. Both fats decreased feed intake (FI) as compared to BD. Increasing SO and T levels linearly decreased and quadratically increased FI, respectively. The dietary factors did not affect egg production (EP) and egg weight. Vitamin D supplementation increased and decreased EP when diets contained SO and T, respectively. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) for hens fed SO was lower than for hens fed T. However, increasing T level improved FCE, whereas increasing SO level worsened FCR. Vitamin D supplementation increased serum vitamin D and glucose concentrations. Vitamin D supplementation also caused a decrease and an increase in serum vitamin D concentration when diets contained SO and T, respectively. Serum glucose concentration for hens fed SO was lower than hens fed T. Increasing fat level linearly increased serum triglyceride and VLDL concentrations, regardless of the fat type. Increasing SO level linearly decreased serum cholesterol concentration. Vitamin D supplementation did not alter lipid metabolites. The dietary factors did not affect serum total protein, Ca, and P concentrations. As compared with BD, feeding SO decreased dry tibia and ash weights more than feeding T. Vitamin D supplementation tended to increase dry tibia weight and decrease tibia ash weight. Eggshell strength and thickness, yolk and albumen indexes, and Haugh unit were not responsive to the dietary factors. Eggshell strength quadratically increased with increasing T level. Yolk color for hens fed SO was lower than for hens fed T. The dietary factors did not affect most of yolk fatty acids. Increasing SO level quadratically decreased yolk $C_{18:2}$ concentration. Vitamin D supplementation increased and decreased yolk $C_{18:2}$ concentration when diets contained SO and T, respectively. In conclusion, increasing fat level improved laying performance without altering metabolic profile and egg quality. Vitamin D supplementation had minor alteration effects on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in response to fat feeding.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2016

계란의 품질은 소비자와 생산자 모두에게 매우 중요한 요소이다. 계란의 품질에 영향을 미치는 요소로 닭의 품종, 산란연령, 계란의 보관 온도와 저장기간, 보관 습도, 산란 계절 및 사료 등이 있다. 본 연구는 닭의 산란연령과 계란의 저장기간이 난질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 본 시험은 하이라인 브라운 실용산란계가 생산한 총 700개의 계란을 대상으로 2개의 산란연령(30주령 및 60주령)과 4개의 저장기간(0, 10, 20, 30일), 총 8처리에 대해 분석하였다. 계란의 품질 평가기준으로 난중, 난각색, 난각두께, 난각밀도, 난백높이, 호우유니트(HU), 난황색, 난황 및 난백의 pH와 점도를 측정하였다. 실험결과, 산란연령 및 계란의 저장기간은 거의 모든 계란의 내 외부 난질지표에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 산란연령이 증가함에 따라 생산된 계란의 난각두께, 난백높이, HU, 난황색, 난황과 난백의 pH 및 난황점도는 유의하게 감소하였다. 한편, 난각색에 있어서는 60주령에 생산된 계란이 30주령에 생산된 계란보다 옅은 난각색을 나타내었다. 또한, 계란의 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 난중, 난각중, 난각두께, 난각밀도, 난백높이, HU 및 난백점도는 감소하였고, 반면 난황색과 난황과 난백의 pH는 증가하였다. 더불어 난각두께, 난백높이, 난황색, 난황 및 난백의 pH와 점도는 계란의 저장기간과 산란연령 간 상호작용의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대표적 난질의 지표로 볼 수 있는 난각두께, 난백높이 및 HU가 60주령에 생산된 계란이 30주령에 산란한 알에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 산란연령이 증가하고 계란의 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 난질저하가 일어나게 된다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 신선란의 경우, 산란연령이 계란의 품질에 영향을 미치는 주된 요인인 반면, 보관란의 경우 저장기간이 난질에 영향을 미치는 결정적 요인임을 시사하고 있다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2002

In this study, we found a new food additive as an natural herbal extracts against lipid digestion enzymes for the regulation of fatty acid absorption and weight control. The Water extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum melongena. inhibited lipase activity and decresed serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in mouse fed lipid emulsion. Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the herbal extracts plus the egg yolk IgY that inhibit carbohydrate digestion enzymes in gut for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of natural herbal extract and egg yolk IgY improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine (Gln) on the productive performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of four hundred Lingnan Yellow laying hens aged 34 weeks were randomly assigned into four groups (100 laying hens/group), and fed, respectively, with diets supplemented with 0% (control group), 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% Gln during the 6-week feeding period. The results were as follows. First, the productivity of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diet was significantly increased (p<0.05); however, the egg quality (egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight, egg shape index, shell thickness, shell density, shell breaking strength, yolk color, yolk index, and Haugh unit) was not affected compared with that of the control group (p>0.05). Second, luteinizing hormone (LH) (p<0.01), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (p<0.01), triiodothyronine ($T_3$), and tetraiodothyronine ($T_4$) contents (p<0.05) in blood of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diets were also significantly improved, and greater improvement in the duodenum and oviduct structure was observed in that treatment group. This study indicated for the first time that diets with 0.8% Gln were able to increase the productive performance of laying hens through stimulating hormone secretion and better development of both the duodenum and oviduct structure in laying hens.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.848-853
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• 2002

For the Exp. 1, twelve Duroc $\times$ Yorkshire $\times$ Landrace pigs (6.12 $\pm$ 0.24 kg average initial body weight and 21 d average age) were used in an 8-d metabolic assay to determine the effects of replacing spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) with spray-dried egg Protein containing egg yolk antibody (SDCEP) on nutrient and amino acids digestibility in weaning Pigs. Experimental animals were fed diets containing SDPP, SDCEP (spray-dried commercial egg protein) and SDAEP. Protein content in the SDPP, SDCEP and SDAEP were 58.20, 45.83 and 41.85%, respectively. Pigs fed the SDPP diet tended to increase the apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen compared to pigs fed the SDAEP diets without significant differences. The ileal digestibility of lysine and methionine for the SDAEP were greater than those for the SDPP, however, there are no significant differences between groups. For Exp.2, 36 Duroc $\times$ Yorkshire $\times$ Landrace pigs (4.11 $\pm$ 0.05 kg average initial body weight and 14 d average age) were used in a 10-day growth assay to determine the effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of replacing SDPP with SDAEP in early-weaning pigs. Experimental animals were fed diets containing CON (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet), SDAEP3 (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet + 3% SDAEP), SDAEP6 (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet + 6% SDAEP). The average daily weight gain of the pigs fed the SDAEP3 diet was higher than that for the pigs fed the CON and SDAEP6 diets (p < 0.05). SDAEP3 significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen compared to the CON and SDAEP6 diets (p < 0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1174-1178
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of copper chelates in the form of methionine, chitosan and yeast on the performance of laying hens. Four hundred ISA Brown layers, 84 wks old, were assigned to 4 treatments: control, 100 ppm Cu in methionine chelate (Met-Cu), 100 ppm Cu as chitosan chelate (Chitosan-Cu) and 100 ppm Cu as yeast chelate (Yeast-Cu). Each treatment had five replicates of 20 hens. Hen-day and hen-housed egg production and egg weight were significantly (p<0.05) increased by Met-Cu supplementation. The increase by Chitosan-Cu and Yeast-Cu supplementation was not significant. Contrast of the control vs. Cu chelates showed egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) increased by Cu chelate supplementation. Soft-shell egg production was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by supplementation of Cu chelates. Met-Cu treatment showed the lowest incidence of soft egg production. Gizzard erosion index was increased by Cu chelate supplementation. Crude fat in liver, total cholesterol in yolk and Cu content in liver and yolk were not significantly influenced by Cu chelate supplementation. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of 100 ppm Cu as Met-Cu significantly increased egg production and egg weight. Cu-Met chelate was also effective in reducing soft-shell egg production but increased gizzard erosion index.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1990

본(本) 연구는 한국재래오골계(韓國在來烏骨鷄)의 효율적(效率的)인 선발(選技) 및 육종계획(育種計劃)을 수립(樹立)하는데 필요(必要)한 경제형질(經濟形質)과 난구성분(卵構成分) 및 난질간(卵質間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關) 및 표현형상관(表現型相關)을 추정(推定)하고자 1987년(年) 6월(月) 18일(日)부터 1989년(年) 4월(月) 6일(日)까지 사육(飼育)되어온 재래오골계(在來烏骨鷄)에 대(對)한 자료(資料)를 분석(分析)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 경제형질(經濟形質)과 난구성분간(卵構成分間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關)은 체중(體重)과 난백중(卵白重), 난황중(卵黃重) 및 난성중간(卵聲重間)에 각각(各各) 0.083~0.591, 0.110~0.541 및 0.336~0.782로 정(正)의 계수(係數)이었고 초산일령(初産日令)과 난백중(卵白重), 난황중(卵黃重) 및 난성중간(卵聲重間)에는 각각(各各) 0.467~0.692, 0.256~0.631 및 0.420~0.519 이었으며 산란수(産卵數)와 난백중(卵白重), 난황중(卵黃重) 및 난성중간(卵聲重間)에는 각각(各各) -0.578~0.240, -0.255~0.060 및 -0.477~-0.313으로 낮은 부(負)의 계수(係數)이었으며, 난중(卵重)과 난백중(卵白重), 난황중(卵黃重) 및 난성중간(卵聲重間)에는 각각(各各) 0.825~0.939, 0.382~0.564 및 0.374~0.937로 높은 정(正)의 추정치(推定値)이었다. 2. 경제형질(經濟形質)과 난질간(卵質間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關)은 체중(體重)과 난형지수(卵型指數), 난성(卵聲)두께, 난백고(卵白高) 및 Haugh units 간(間)에 각각(各各) 0.215~0.367, 0.248~0.650, 0.161~0.624 및 0.157~0.499이었고, 산란수(産卵數)와 난형지수(卵型指數), 난성(卵聲)두께, 난백고(卵白高) 및 Haugh units간(間)에 각각(各各) -0.384~-0.207, -0.557~-0.306, -0.555~-0.198 및 -0.582~-0.074로 부(負)의 계수(係數)이었으며, 난성(卵重)과 난형지수(卵型指數), 난성(卵聲)두께, 난백고(卵白高) 및 Haugh units 간(間)에 각각(各各) 0.27~0.697, 0.290~0.627, 0.238~0.538 및 -0.207~0.020이었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.197-208
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• 1991

본 연구는 한국재래오골계의 효율적 선발 및 육종계획을 위한 경제형질과 기타 개량 대상형질간의 유전상관 및 표현형 상관을 추정하고자 1987년 6월 18일부터 1989년 4월 6일까지 사육되어 온 재래오골계에 관한 제형질에 대한 자료를 분석하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 경제형질과 체형간의 유전상관은 체중과 정강이 길이, 흉폭, 흉위 및 경골장간에 각각 0.210∼0.788, 0.321∼0.826, 0.610∼0.995 및 0.096∼0.503으로 정의 계수이었고, 초산일영과 정강이 길이, 흉폭, 후위 및 경골장간에 각각 0.555∼0.626, 0.149∼0.270, 0.370∼0.445 및 0.014∼0.124이었으며, 산란수와 정강이 길이, 흉폭, 후위 및 경골장간에 각각 -0.460∼-0.167, 0.162∼0.320, 0.076∼0.336 및 0.203∼0.312이었고, 난중과 정강이 길이, 흉폭, 흉위 및 경골장간에는 각각 0.132∼0.498, -0.236-0.410, 0.148∼0.755 및 -0.019∼0.593이었다. 2. 경제형질과 난구성분간의 유전상관은 체중과 난백중, 난황중 및 난각중간에 각각 0.083∼0.591, 0.110∼0.541 및 0.336∼0.7823. 정의 계수이었고, 초산일령과 난백중, 난황중 및 난각중간에는 각각 0.467∼0.692, 0.265∼0.631및 0.420∼0.519이었으며, 산란수와 난백중, 난황중 및 난각중간에는 각각 -0.578∼-0.240, -0.255∼-0.060 및 -0.477∼-0.313으로 낮은 부의 계수이었으며, 난중과 난백중, 난황중 및 난각중간에 각각 0.825∼0.939, 0.382∼0.564 및 0.374∼0.937로 높은 정의 추정치이었다. 3. 경제형질과 난질간의 유전상관은 체중과 난형지수, 난각두께, 난백고 및 Haugh units간에 각각 0.215∼0.367, 0.248∼0.650, 0.161∼0.624 및 0.157∼0.499이었고, 산란수와 난형지수, 난각두께, 난백고 및 Haugh units간에는 각각 -0.384∼-0.207, -0.557∼-0.306, -0.555∼-0.198 및 -0.582∼0.074로 부의 계수이었으며, 난중과 난형지수, 난각중, 난백고 및 Haugh units간에는 각각 0.276∼0.697, 0.290∼0.627, 0.238∼0.538 및 -0.207∼0.020이었다. 4. 난구성분과 난질간의 유전상관에서 난백중과 난형지수, 난각두께, 난백고 및 Haugh units간에는 각각 0.100∼0.584, -0.380∼-0.002, 0.239∼0.887 및 -0.195∼0.279이었고, 난황중과 난형지수, 난각두께, 난백고 및 Haugh units간에는 각각 -0.204∼0.160, -0.294∼0.133, -0.049∼0.133 및 -0.196∼-0.136이었고, 난각중과 난형지수, 난곡두께, 난백고 및 Haugh units간에는 각각 0.127∼0.503, 0.127∼0.476, 0.140∼0.273 및 -0.172∼0.223으로서 난각중 과 Haugh units를 제외하고는 정의 상관계수이었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.438-448
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the effects of storage time and temperature and their interaction on the hygienic quality parameters of shell eggs. Methods: Eggs from 40-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were sampled immediately after being laid and subjected to storage periods of four weeks at a refrigerated temperature ($4-5^{\circ}C$) or room temperature ($13.0-19.7^{\circ}C$). Interior/exterior qualities were examined every one week. Results: Weight loss was 2.4-3.1%. The initial specific gravity of the eggs was maintained until one week at both temperatures. Air cell size exceeded 4 mm when stored for one week at room temperature, and two weeks at refrigerated temperature. Albumen index and Haugh unit were significantly decreased at both temperatures after one week (p<0.001). Rapidly increased pH of the albumen with one week of storage was observed, regardless of temperature (p<0.001). Extension of the storage for up to four weeks at room temperature resulted in remarkable deterioration of eggshell quality and instrumental color as redness (a). Air cell size, albumen and yolk indices, Haugh unit, pH of albumen and yolk were found to be influenced by storage time and temperature (p<0.001). Interaction effects between storage time and temperature were also significant for air cell size, pH of albumen and yolk (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that air cell size and pH of albumen and yolk were important parameters influenced by storage time and temperature in shell eggs. Storage time was more influential for air cell size, and temperature for the pH of yolk. Both variables almost equally influenced the pH of albumen.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집
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• pp.113-115
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• 2002

본 시험은 시판 착색제의 형태 및 혼합 수준에 따른 산란성적, 난황 착색도 및 난황 지방산 농도에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실험 1과 2로 나누어 실시하였다. 실험1과 실험2에서 사료섭취량, 산란율, 난중 및 사료효율은 착색제의 첨가에 따른 영향이 없었으며, 난질에 있어서도 난백고와 haugh unit은 착색제 첨가와 전혀 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 실험1에서 난황착색도가 Roche color fan 12∼13에 근접하기 위한 천연 red 착색제 첨가 수준은 25∼30ppm이었고, 합성 red 착색제는 15∼20ppm이었으며, 본 시험의 조건에서는 천연착색제보다 합성착색제의 착색효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 실험2에서 착색제 혼합에 따른 착색 효과는 천연 red 착색제를 첨가한 TM2구와 동일한 양의 합성 red 착색제를 첨가한 TM6구를 비교하였을 때, 천연 red 착색제 보다 합성 red 착색제의 착색효과가 우수하였다. 난황내 지방산 함량은 착색제 첨가로 인한 영향이 나타나지 않았다.