• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.308-316
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• 1987

The flying fish, Prognichthys agoo, is widely distributed in the coastal waters of south-eastern Korea. On July 14, 1986, mature adults of flying fish were captured from U-do, Cheju-do. The eggs were stripped and fertilized by the wet method on the ship. The mature eggs are demersal and adhesive with 30-40 filaments. The egg diameter varied from 1.42 to 1.58 mm. The water temperature throughout incubation ranged from 23.70 to $27.82^{\circ}C$, and salinity was maintained at $30.75-33.76\%_{\circ}$. The hatching took place in 174 hours after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae measured 4.75-5.25 mm in total length possessing yolk sac and about 45-46 myotomes. The larvae cultured for ten days after hatching reached 11.45-12.60 mm in total length and entered the juvenile period of life. Twenty days after hatching, the juveniles measured 20.01 mm in mean total length, and the scales were formed behind the pectoral fin.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2000

Differentiation and development of the digestive organ of the black sea bream, AcanHepagus schlegeli were studied by means of histological methods. The hatched lawn if TL(total length) $2.0 mm (n=10)$ had a yolk sac of $1,000{\times}590 {\mu}m$ and simple straight digestive tract, which was composed of cuboidal epithelium. In the pre-larval stage of TL $3.5 mm$, digestive tract could be distinguished into esophagus, stomach and intestine, and the exocrine glands were appeared in the pancreas. In this stage mucosal folds, eosinophilic granule cells and brush border were observed in the posterior intestine. Yolky materials were completely absorbed and the brush border was recognized in the free surface of anterior intestine in TL $3.7 mm$. In the stomach mucosal folds began to appear from TL $4.0 mm$. In this time the zymogen granules were recognized in the cytoplasm of pancreatic exocrine cells. In the post-larval stage ranged from $4.5 to 5.0 mm$ in TL, hepatic cords started to develop, and the mucous secretory cells of PAS positivewere observed at esophagus and intestine. In the post-larval stage ranged from $6.3 to 7.0 mm$ in TL, histological layer of esophagus and intestine could be distinguished into serous membrane, muscular layer, submucosal layer and mucosal layer. From over TL $9.0 mm$, stomach could be distinguished into cardiac, fundic and pyloric portion, and the gastric gland began to appear at mucosal fold of fundic stomach. In the juvenile stage ranged from $10.0 to 11.0 mm$ in TL, histological structures of esophagus and intestine were similar to those of adult. From over TL $15.0 mm$, histological structures of stomach were similar to those of adult. Structural and functional digestive organ of black sea bream was present from the juvenile stage ranged from $15.0 to 17.0 mm$ in TL.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.204-215
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• 2023

The thermolabile haemolysin (tlh) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vptlh) from V. parahaemolyticus is a multiple-function enzyme, initially describes as a haemolytic factor activated by lecithin and phospholipase A2 enzymatic activity (Shinoda, 1991; Vazquez-Morado, 2021; Yanagase et al., 1970). Until now, the tlh structure has hypothesized including N-terminal and C-terminal domain, but what domain of the Vptlh structure does the haemolytic activity has not been refined yet. In this study, a 450-bp VpTLH nucleotide sequence of the entire Vptlh gene encoded the C-terminal domain cloned firstly to examine its responsibility in the activity of the Vptlh. The C-terminal domain fused with a 6-His-tag named the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain was expressed successfully in soluble form in the BL21 (DE3) PlysS cell. Remarkably, both expression and purification results confirmed a high agreement in the molecular weight of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain was 47 kDa. This work showed the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain lysed the erythrocyte membranes in the blood agar and the phosphate buffered saline (0.9%) media without adding the lecithin substrate of the phospholipase enzyme. Haemolysis occurred at all tested diluted concentrations of His-tag-VpC-terminal domain (p < 0.05), providing evidence for the independent haemolytic activity of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain. The content of 100 ㎍ of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain brought the highest haemolytic activity of 80% compared to that in the three remaining contents. Significantly, the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain demonstrated not to involve the phospholipase activity in Luria-Bertani agar supplemented with 1% (vol/vol) egg yolk emulsion. All results proved the vital responsibility of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain in causing the haemolytic activity without the required activation by the phospholipase enzyme. Raw extracts of Phellinus igniarus and Phellinus pipi at 10^-1 mg/mL inhibited the haemolytic activity of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain from 67.7% to 87.42%, respectively. Hence applying the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain as a simple biological material to evaluate quickly potential derivatives against the Vptlh in vivo conditions will accessible and more advantageous than using the whole of the Vptlh.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.1 no.1_2
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• pp.9-18
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• 1989

Blenniid fish, Istiblennius stellifer(jordan et Snyder) is distributed in the coastal waters of south-eastern Korea and Japan. Matured adults of blenniid fish were collected from the rocky shore of Namchun-dong, Nam-gu, Pusan, Korea on May 15, 1988. The fertilized eggs were incubated and the larvae were reared in laboratory. The eggs of this species were demersal and adhesive, and their diameters varied from 0.84 to 0.88 mm(mean 0.86 mm, n=30). They have a number of small oil globules. The water temperature throughout incubation ranged from 18.5 to $23.3^{\circ}C$ and salinity was maintained at $28.2-29.5\;^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$. The hatching took place in 130 hours after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae were 2.70 mm in total length with 11 (abdominal)+22~25 (caudal)=33-36 myomeres. The larvae absorbed the yolk material and oil globule completely in 10 days after hatching and became postlarvae. Total lengths of the larvae reached 4.65 and 5.75 mm in 10 and 13 days after the hatching, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.419-431
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• 2005

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) continues to increase in the industrialized countries related to Western lifestyle and dietary patterns. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status, dietary patterns and dietary quality of AD patients. AD patients (n=50) and gender age matched healthy control (HC) were studied in case-control clinical trail. Preference and frequencies of consumption for 98 foods were estimated by questionnaires. Dietary pattern, current nutrients intake, and dietary quality were evaluated by the 3-day food records. As a result, anthropometric measurements from HC and AD patients were not significantly different. AD patients had significantly lower preference for buckwheat, some fishes (shellfish, flatfish, salmon), egg yolk, some vegetables (onion, garlic, Chinese-cabbage, radish, pepper, mushroom), coffee, and snack than those of HC had (p<0.05). AD patients had significantly lower frequency for pea, some fishes (shellfish, herring, flatfish, salmon, codfish), egg, some vegetables (spinach, pumpkin, mushroom), margarine/butter, nuts, coffee and apple juice, fried chicken, coke than those of HC had (p<0.05). The intake of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.05) and vitamin E (p<0.001) of AD patients were significantly lower than those of HC. The intake for Ca and Zn of AD patients were remarkably lower than RDA for each nutrient. Moreover, AD patients' index of nutritional quality (INQ) and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of vitamin E, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$ were lower than those of HC. AD patients' dietary quality including dietary diversity score (DDS), dietary variety score (DVS), DMGFV (dairy, meat, grain, fruit, vegetable), dietary quality index (DQI) was poor. This results indicate that atopic dermatitis patients had significantly different food preference and food frequency when these were compared with those of healthy people. The dietary diversity, dietary variety and dietary quality of atopic dermatitis patients were very limited.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2006

To investigate the effect of feeding rare earth (RE) on the performance of breeder hens a feeding trial with sixteen thousands of 158 day old Ross broiler breeder hens was conducted for thirty weeks. A mixture of RE- chlorides containing mainly La, Ce, and Pr was mixed into corn-soy based diet at two levels, 300 and 600 mg/kg, All the hens were housed in flat layer houses and the ratio of male to female was maintained at one to ten. Dietary supplementation of the of RE at a level of 300 mg/kg made the hens reach egg production peak higher by about 6% and earlier by about two weeks. As a result, it made higher hatchable egg production by 3.5%. It also reduced dramatically the mortality of both male and female breeders(P<0.05). Egg weight was slightly increased but egg qualify was not much influenced by dietary supplementation of RE. Egg albumin hight and Haugh unit were significantly improved while egg shell thickness, egg breaking strength and yolk color were similar to those of the control. Experimental results appeared to show a good possibility that egg fertility and hatchability were improved by feeding RE. Dietary supplementation of RE at a level of 300 mg/kg should be acceptable but not the 600 mg/kg level for breeder hens. Further studies on the effect of RE on egg fertility and hatchability appears to be necessary.