• Title/Summary/Keyword: yin-yang

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A Study on Characteristics of Jinsatak(陳士鐸)'s Clinic Theory (진사탁(陳士鐸) 임상 이론의 특징에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Kyung-Ho;Kim, Ki-Wook;Park, Hyun-Guk
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.31-51
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    • 2009
  • The characteristics of Jin's ideas on clinic theory can be arranged as follows. 1. Jin emphasized warming and tonifying[溫補] in treatment and the part that shows this the best is the taking care of[調理] the Vital gate[命門], kidney, liver, and spleen. His ideas were based on his understanding of a human life's origin, and was influenced by Seolgi(薛己), Joheon-ga(趙獻可) and Janggaebin(張介賓)'s Vital gate and source Gi theory(元氣說) so scholastically, he has that in common with them but was later criticized by later doctors such as Oksamjon(玉三尊) as an 'literary doctor(文字醫)' who followed the ideas of "Uigwan(醫貫)". 2. The warming and tonifying school[溫補學派], who were influenced by Taoism, said in their theory of disease outbreak[發病學說] that since one must not hurt one's Yin essence and Yang fire [陰精陽火] there is more deficiency than excess, so that was why they used tonifying methods. Jin was also like them and this point of view is universal in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatric medicine and surgery and so on. 3. Jin, who saw the negative form of pulse diagnosis[診脈] emphasized following symptoms over pulse diagnosis using the spirit of ‘finding truth based on truth[實事求是]' in "Maekgyeolcheonmi(脈訣闡微)", but emphasized 'the combination of pulse and symptoms[脈證合參]'. He understood pulse diagnosis as a defining tool for symptoms, and in "Seoksilbirok(石室秘錄)" simplified pulse diagnosis into 10 methods : floating/sunken(浮沉), slow/fast(遲數), large/fine(大小), vacuous/replete(虛實) and slippery/rough(滑澀). 4. Jin used 'large formulas(大方)' a lot that usually featured a large dose, and in " Bonchosinpyeon(本草新編)" he thought of the seven formulas(七方) and ten preparations(十劑) as the standard when using medicine. He did away with old customs and presented a 'new(新)' and 'extra(奇)' point of view. He especially used a lot of Insam(人蔘) when tonifying Gi and Geumeunhwa(金銀花) when treating sores and ulcers. 5. In the area of surgery Jin gave priority to the early finding and treatment of disease with internal treatment[內治] and was against the overuse of acupuncture. However records of surgical measures in a special situation like lung abscesses(肺癰) and liver abscesses(肝癰), and anesthetic measures using 'Manghyeongju(忘形酒)' and 'Singoiyak(神膏異藥)' and opening the abdomen or skull, and organ transplants using a dog's tongue are important data. 6. Jin stated the diseases of Gi and blood broadly. Especially in the principles of treating blood, blood diseases had to be forwarded[順] and Gi regulation[理氣] was the number one priority and stated the following two treatments. First, in "Jeonggiinhyeolpyeon(精氣引血篇)" of volume 6 of "Oegyeongmieon(外經微言)", for the rules for treating blood he stated the pattern identification of finding Gi in blood and blood in Gi. Second, he emphasized Gi regulation(理氣) in blood diseases and stated that the Gi must be tonifyed after finding the source of the loss of blood.

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Concentration of Hazardous Substances of before/after a Decoction in Prescription of Herbal Medicine -In Prescription of tonify Yang and tonify Yin- (한방처방의 전탕 전과 후의 위해물질 농도변화 -보양.보음 처방을 중심으로 -)

  • Seo, Chang-Seob;Huang, Dae-Sun;Lee, Jun-Kyoung;Ha, Hye-Kyoung;Chun, Jin-Mi;Um, Young-Ran;Jang, Seol;Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.53-63
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    • 2009
  • Objective : To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after a decoction. Methods : The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 4 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results: 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Jaeumganghwa-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.190, Cd; 0.184, As; 0.099 and Hg; 0.028, after decoction - Pb; .033, Cd; 0.003, As; 0.005 and Hg; 0.001), Yukmijiwhang-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.484, Cd; 0.133, As; 0.053 and Hg; 0.009, after decoction - Pb; 0.065, Cd; 0.008, As; 0.007 and Hg; not detected), Bojungikgi-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.863, Cd; 0.197, As; below 0.016 and Hg; 0.011, after decoction - Pb; 0.071, Cd; 0.009, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.001) and Ssangwha-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.511, Cd; 0.212, As; 0.094 and Hg; 0.016, after decoction - Pb; 0.029, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.005 and Hg; 0.0004). 2. Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) before a decoction in Jaeumganghwa-tang, Yukmijiwhang-tang and Ssangwha-tang exhibited 22.7, 107.3 and 5.5, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusion : These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

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Isolation of Probiotic Piliated Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strains from Human Fecal Microbiota Using SpaA Antiserum-Based Colony Immunoblotting

  • Yang, Zhen-quan;Xue, Yu;Rao, Sheng-qi;Zhang, Mi;Gao, Lu;Yin, Yong-qi;Chen, Da-wei;Zhou, Xiao-hui;Jiao, Xin-an
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.27 no.11
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    • pp.1971-1982
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    • 2017
  • Piliated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (pLR) strains possess higher adherent capacity than non-piliated strains. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize probiotic pLR strains in human fecal samples. To this end, mouse polyclonal antiserum (anti-SpaA) against the recombinant pilus protein (SpaA) of L. rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) was prepared and tested for its reactivity and specificity. With the anti-SpaA, a method combining the de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar plating separation and colony immunoblotting (CIB) was developed to isolate pLR from 124 human fecal samples. The genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the resultant pLR isolates were compared by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting, and examination of adhesion to Caco-2 cells, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and in vitro gastrointestinal tolerance. Anti-SpaA specifically reacted with three pLR strains of 25 test strains, as assessed by western blotting, immunofluorescence flow cytometry, and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) assays. The optimized MRS agar separation plus anti-SpaA-based CIB procedure could quantitatively detect $2.5{\times}10^3CFU/ml$ of pLR colonies spiked in $10^6CFU/ml$ of background bacteria. Eight pLR strains were identified in 124 human fecal samples, and were confirmed by 16S RNA gene sequencing and IEM identification. RAPD fingerprinting of the pLR strains revealed seven different patterns, of which only two isolates from infants showed the same RAPD profiles with LGG. Strain PLR06 was obtained with high adhesion and autoaggregation activities, hydrophobicity, and gastrointestinal tolerance. Anti-SpaA-based CIB is a rapid and inexpensive method for the preliminary screening of novel adherent L. rhamnosus strains for commercial purposes.

The Correlation between the Scandinavian Stroke Scale and the Motricity Index in Acute Cerebral Infarction Patient (급성기 뇌경색 환자에서 Scandinavian Stroke Scale과 Motricity Index 간의 상관관계에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Young-eun;Jamiyandorj, Budlkham;Noh, Hyeon-seok;Lee, Dong-hyuk;Yang, Seung-bo;Lee, Hyun-joong;Cho, Seung-yeon;Park, Seong-uk;Jung, Woo-sang;Moon, Sang-kwan;Park, Jung-mi;Cho, Ki-ho;Ko, Chang-nam
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.93-104
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: This study examined the correlation between the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) and the Motricity Index (MI) in acute cerebral infarction patients. Methods: We studied 75 inpatients within a month after the onset of cerebral infarction; patients were recruited from July 2012 to November 2013. We analyzed the correlation between changes in SSS and MI by pattern identification. Results: A significant moderate positive linear correlation was noted between SSS and MI in the total patient cohort and in a Fire-heat group, Dampness-phlegm group, Qi deficiency group, and Deficiency syndrome group. A significant strong positive linear correlation existed between SSS and MI in the Excess syndrome group. The Yin deficiency group showed a weak positive linear correlation, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the correlation between SSS and MI in acute cerebral infarction patients could differ depending on pattern identification.

Study on Hwa-acupuncture Theory (오행화침법(五行和鍼法)에 대한 연구 - 부방(腑方)중심으로)

  • Sim, Sung-Heum;Kam, Cheol-Woo;Park, Dong-Il;Byun, Mi-Kwon;Kim, Sang-Heon;Baek, Sang-In
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.1119-1124
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    • 2008
  • The theory of Hwa Acupuncture Therapy (HAT), called Hwa Chim Therapy, is a part of the Five Elements Theory unique to Korea. H99AT, created and developed by Jaehoon Song, integrates the victor-vanquished as well as the son-mother relationship of the Five Elements of breakdown and restoration of balance between yin and yang. And also, it provides resources and data on The seventy fifth Difficulty Nan(75難), The sixty ninth Difficulty Nan(69難) of Classic on Difficulty - Nan Jin 75, 69. HAT establishes objectiveness and accuracy of diagnosis based upon the traditional method and procedure of pulse taking. In HAT, a person's state of illness is diagnosed by applying the comparative examination of the palpitation of the pulse. It is the fact that the pulse varies according to the state, and that HAT treatment has proven the positive results by using the victor-vanquished relationship of Classic on The Nan Jin 75. On the basis of this, it is necessary to add the sixty ninth Difficulty(69難), to research the theory of the generation of the Five Element. Despite a the concise and simple theory, Hwa Chim is very effective in treating the wide range of illness, and thus it has gained an increasing attention of many scholars and practitioners in the field of traditional Korean oriental medicine. However, it is the first theoretical attempt to the clinical research and scientific methodology of Ohaeng(Five) Hwa Chim, and more active Hwa Acupuncture R&D is being conducted nationwide.

Study on the Fancy Relationship of Viscera under the Diao-hou-yong-shen (조후용신(調候用神)을 활용한 월별(月別) 장부간(臟腑間)의 호오관계)

  • Kim, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Yong-Chan;Kim, Byung-Soo;Kang, Jung-Soo
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.1062-1070
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    • 2008
  • The human body and nature respond to each other. The change of nature influences to directly human body. One of the change is the weather change. and there is order in the change. The order is twelve months. To explain the weather change of the cold, hot. dry and wet. we can use Four seasons, The twenty-four seasons, or The twelve month. To explain the five elements of the chinese cosmogony, The four season is useful, and the change of weather, the twenty-four seasons is good. But, the viscera is explained by the ten celestial stems and the twelve horary sings. Thus the twelve horary sings is most useful to explain, because one year is composed by twelve months. The twelve season and fancy of the ten celestial stems is explained fully by Diao-hou-yong-shen. Diao-hou-yong-shen is expressed by the zodiac signs, and explained by the disposition of the zodiac sings. In addition to the oriental medical science is also explained and expressed by the zodiac signs. Therefore, I think that the change of viscera, according to weather, is based on the Diao-hou-yong-shen, and I get some results. In the acting of viscera, there are some relationship between organs. The relationship is not influenced directly by the weather of four seasons, unless there are some special details. If the energy of the month, which rules one specific organ, is weak, doctor should fill up the organ. If not, the organ tends to get sick. According to the full or weak of the five elements which is under the month, the useless or harmful elements should be taken off, and useful and needful elements should be serviced. The balance between cold, hot, dry and wet should be maintained. However, the fancy of the viscera is very different. So, doctor should be careful to maintain balance. The full and weak between Yin and Yang should be considered when doctor think about cold and hot in the month.

Study on the Shapes of Jung-kwa, Gi-kwa, Sin-kwa, Hyul-kwa (정기신혈과(精氣神血科)의 형상(形象)에 대한 연구)

  • Choi Byung-Tae;Choi Yung-Hyun;Baek Geun-Gi;Lee Yong-Tae
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.1181-1190
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    • 2005
  • After study about the shapes of Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa advocated by Master Jisan, the conclusions are drawn as follows. It pursues the rules of universe being changed from formless to concrete objects that the Body Essence, Vital energy, Mentality, and Blood are materialized to Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa. It can be drawn an inference from the next three theories that Jisan considered Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa as round, square, reverse triangle, and triangle or oval shape. First, it was taken to following the shapes of viscera. Namely Jung-kwa was taken as Kidney, Gi-kwa as Lung, Sin-kwa as Heart, Hyul-kwa as Liver. Second, it was adopted from five kinds of constitutions according to the five elements in [Yeongchu Yin and Yang twenty five shapes] that is Jung-kwa is purchased with Water-earth phases, Gi-kwa with metal phase Sin-kwa with fire phase, Hyul-kwa with Wood phase, Third, it is taken in order to eliminate contradictions. Hyul-kwa disliking to move is assumed to round shape to easily move. Gi-kwa tending to disperse is chosen to square in order to be unmoved. Sin-kwa declining to stagnate of seven emotions is pursued to reverse triangle to compose oneself. Hyul-kwa inclining to gather is preferred to acreage phase to harmonize ascending tendency. Among shapes which Jisan was divided Hado, Nakseo, Bokhee pal kwoe, Moonwang pal kwoe, Jung-kwa as round is Hado, Gi-kwa as square is Nakseo, Sin-kwa as reverse triangle is Bokhee pal kwoe order shape, Hyul-kwa as acreage phase or oval shape is accord with Moonwang pal kwoe order shape. The reason being classified into Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa from the shapes of the face is that the face is the place to reflect the whole conditions of the body connected with all of the viscera and meridian system such as semen of plants. Above contents are drawn an inference from the transcription of Jisan's lectures and his writings. And it is considered that insufficient parts of the Jisan's theory must be demonstrated continuously.

Study on the Orgainc Relations among Hado. Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$, a Priori Eight Trigrams, and a Posteriori Eight Trigrams (하도(河圖)${\cdot}$락서(書洛)${\cdot}$선천팔괘(先夭八卦)${\cdot}$후천팔괘(後夭八卦)의 상호 유기적 관계 연구)

  • Kim, Byoung-Soo
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.379-386
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    • 2007
  • Hado(河圖) and Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$(書洛) are the diagrams composed of the symbols of numbers from one to ten. And the eight-trigrams, P'al-gwoe divide into two types one is a priori eight-trigrams (先夭八卦) or the Bok-Hui's eight trigrams(伏羲八卦); and the other is a posterior eight trigrams (後夭八卦) or the king Mun's eight trigrams (文王八卦). Relating these two diagrams of Hado and Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ with the two types of eight trigrams, they are said to be a term of Ha-Lak-Hui-Mun (HLHM). Each of HLHM represents the process of creating and changing of 'heaven and Earth' and every beingby the symbols of numbers and trigrams. In other words, each of HLHM symbolizes the origin and the structure of the universe as well as the birth of every life represented in the diagram of theosophany (福智學) or Kabbalah. HLHM are also regarded as the origin of l-ching or Book of Change. Hado produces Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ through the principle of yin-yang(陰陽). Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ produces a priori eight trigrams through the zigzag shapes which means Heaven and Earth are mutually responding. And a priori eight trigrams produce a posteriori eight trigrams through the triangle principle of connecting Heaven and Earth. In this process, Hado and a priori eight trigrams are respectively prior to Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ and a posteriori eight trigrams. HLHM represent fractal shape resembling the symbol of five on the center of Hado, or Hado itself. In the dynamic process of HLHM, a diagram of Circle, Quadrangle, and Triangle (CQT) is produced as follows: Circle, the symbol of 'infinify' or Heaven, represents the origin of life or birth. Hadois the symbol of creation. Quadrangle, the symbol of Earth, represents that Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$is scattered into four directions of front, back, left, and rifht. Quadrangle, which is immovable, represents materiality. Triangle, being described from the eight trigrams, means the movements of the process of 'mutual inclusion' of Circle and Quadrangle. Triangle also means the process of harmonizing human beings with natural law.

Philological Study on The Mental Cultivation (정신양생(精神養生)에 관한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察))

  • Keum Jong-Chul;Soh Kyung-Sun;Kim Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.59-75
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    • 1997
  • After examining the viewpoints of the mental cultivation of The yellow Emperor's Internal Bible(內徑), from the viewpoints of The yellow Emperor's Internal Bible, I studied the principles and methods of the mental cultivation(精神養生) which the Taoism School, the Confusian School and the past physicians proposed. And I studied the methods of mental cultivation of the child, the woman and the old by the differences of ages and sex. At the subject of health preservation(養生學) on the basis of concept of relevant adaptation of man to nature(天人相應思想), the mental cultivation(精神養生) was regard more important than the body cultivation(肉體養生) and it was considered that the success of health preservation depended on the state of mind. the basic principles of the mental cultivation is achivement of the mental internal keeping(精神內守) through the state of peace and tranquility without avarice and wild fancy(恬憺虛無). The ways of mental cultivation of the Taoism School, the Confusian School and the past physicians were in the category of The yellow Emperor's Internal Bible. 4. In the previous Jin dynasty(先秦時代), the important theoretical bases and practices to mental cultivation were made. In the Han dynasty(漢時代), the physicians attached importance to mental treaments. During the time from Sui dynasty to Tang Dynasty(隋唐時代), the mental cultivation was made perfect theoretically. During the Period from Song dynasty to Yuan Dynasty(宋元時代), Many methods of mental cultivation were newly created. During the Ming and the Qing Dynasties(明淸時代), the theory of health preservation and the methods of mental treaments were embodied. 5. Studying the mental cultivation by the differences of ages, the childhood(小兒期) is the spring of life. So the mental cultivation of this period put importance to the cultivation of Sh ng(養生). And the youth(靑年期) is the summer of life. So the mental cultivation of this period pill importance to the cultivation of Ch'ang(養長). And the middle age(中年期) is the autumn of life. So the mental cultivation of this period put imporance to the cultivation of Shou(養收). And the old age(老年期) is the winter of life. So the mental cultivation of this period put importance to the cultivation of Tsang(養藏). Studying the mental cultivation by the differences of sex, the man must do the mental cultivation through the dynamic nature(性情) of Yang(陽) and the woman must do the mental cultivation through the static nature of Yin(陰).

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Aesthetics of Karatedo as Security Guard Martial Art (경호무도로서 공수도의 미학)

  • Jeang, Il Hong
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2013
  • This research is to define the Aesthetics of Karatedo as Security Guard Martial Art by explore the aesthetics of Karatedo being invigorated as security guard martial art. The first one is beauty of space. The offense and defense of Karatedo as Security Guard Martial art are to fill in, to come out and to move from side to side. It help to have higher judgment. Secondly, it is beauty of time. It is subjective time felt by people training Karatedo. The third on is beauty of unity. We can see formal beauty of unity such as white dogi or black suit of security guard and dynamic beauty of unity such as quick and slow, strong and soft or movement of hand and foot. The forth one is beauty of symmetry. It can be shown strongly by triangle or moving of team kata and triangle between athletes and referee at Kumite competition. The fifth one is beauty of balance. It can by shown well by continual Karatedo kick motion, jumping kick motion at Kumite, jumping motion, quick turning, or moving such as standing on one foot at kata. The sixth one is beauty of harmony. The whith Dogi and blue or red guard at Kumite competition shows harmony of yin and yang and we can see also various harmony such as strong and soft, quick and slow, or high and low at Kata competition. The seventh one is beauty of curve. We can see beauty of straight line and curve by watching line of hand and foot from starting point to ending point. Specially, moving line of white dogi shows strongly beauty. The eighth one is beauty of rhythm. The rhythm is specified in Kumite kata competition rules. It is also shown by basic step, left and right step, various moving of foot, continual offense of hand or continual rhythm of offense and defense. The last one is bezuty of ethics. It is manner, duty as human, and moderation being important in Karatedo.