• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-34
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• 1994

This is a literature Study on ophthalmologic disease remedies of the four famous physicians in Jin Yuan period. The results were as follows: 1. Yu Wan So regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the wind and heat(風熱), the blood deficiency(血少), or the deficiency of vital function and essence ,of the kidney(腎氣虛). For each treatment he used the method to remove wind and heat(除風散熱), the tranquillizing and tonifying method to nourish the heart and to relieve mental strain due to dificiency of vital essence(養血安神). the method to nourish Yin in the kidney(補腎水). The important nature of the these medicines is bitter and cold. 2. Jang Jong Jeung regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the blood excess(血太過). or the blood deficiency(血不及). or the fire and heat(火熱). For each treatment he used the method to extract blood(出血療法). the method to nourish the liver and the kidney(補肝腎療法). or the method of vomiting and diarrhea(吐不法). The medicines are usuallly classified into external treatment medicines(外用藥). medicines to disintegrate mass(破積聚藥). purgating medicines(攻下藥). 3. Lee Dong Won regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the spleen and the stomach weakness(脾胃虛弱), excessive fire in the heart(心火太盛). For each treatment he used the method to tranquillize the spleen and the stomach (調理脾胃). the tranquillizing and tonifying method to nourish the heart and to relieve mental strain due to deficiency of vital essence(養血安神). 4. Ju Dan Gye regarded the cause of ophthalmologic disease as the wind and heat(風熱). the blood deficiency(血少). the mental exhaustion(神勞). the kidney weakness(腎弱). For each treatment he used the method to remove wind and heat(除風散熱), the method to nourish blood and yin water(養血補水), the method to relieve mental strain and to remove spiritual heat(安腎瀉神火). the method to nourish yin water(養陰水). These drugs are usually classified into the medicines to remove endogenous heat(淸熱藥). the medicines to nourish yin(補陰藥).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.187-210
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• 2007

Dunong(鈍翁), Yun-Ji had born by a concubine, and his dream didn't come true for the restraint of his social position, so he tried to train younger men. His writings still remain 4 volumes of "Dunongyeonsocheonjimundap" and "Dunongdongmongmundap(鈍翁童蒙問答)", which may be called its primer. "Dunongyeonsocheonjimundap" is written in question-and-answer form between Chal-Hye-Ja(察慧子) who has a meager knowledge and Sim-Gyeong-Ong(心耕翁) who search for the truth. It is progressed from the law of nature to human's cultivation of the mind so as to reconfirm the recognition of the unity between the heaven and human beings and lead the interpretation and practice of the metaphysical proposition. It is characterized by making use of metrical compositions to induce plain tone of argument. "Dunongdongmongmundap", whereas, uses archaic writings to describe natural science including astronomy to the beginners. Dunong's scholarship is characterized by these: He explained the metaphysical propositions by approaching usual things including oriental medicine practically; He comprised the Confucian concepts intensively to examine the Oriental studies closely; He groped for the outlooks on the world of taking serious view of human being or human body. And his medical thought is characterized by these: He attached importance to the theory of viscera and bowels based on yin-yang and five phase theory; He suggested the concrete yin-yang theory with a viewpoint of qi-blood theory; He considered the concept of 'six' only as mutual rooting of yin and yang and five visceras and six vowels, and denied the traditional six qi concepts; He explained the ghost theories of the metaphysics based on the yin-yang theory to analogize points of sameness between the oriental medicine and the metaphysics; He emphasized restore yang theory. Therefore, we can say that he regarded the human body as small heaven-earth and grafted the abstract propositions into the actuals so as to put the metaphysical propositions in practice.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.112-123
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• 2010

Objectives: Three yin-tonifying formulae (Ssanghwa-tang, Yukmijihwang-tang and Jaeumganghwa-tang) were applied to investigate their immunological activities on antigen (Ag)-specific or Ag-non-specific immune responses in the murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice. Methods: This study was carried out in nitricoxide (NO) synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and cellular proliferation in mouse splenocytes in association with three herbal formulas. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA/aluminum ($100\;{\mu}g/200\;{\mu}g$/mouse) on days 1, 8, and 15. Three herbal formulas were administrated to mice orally for 3 weeks from day 1. On day 22, OVA-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and antibodies (OVA-specific antibodies of the IgG, IgG1, and total IgM classes) in plasma were measured. Results: All three yin-tonifying formulas significantly enhanced cellular proliferation by LPS and Con A in splenocytes from OVA-immunized mice (p<0.001). Also, these herbal formulas all significantly enhanced plasma OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, and total IgM levels compared with the OVA/Alum group. Conclusion: These results suggested that the three yin-tonifying formulae could be used as stimulators of immune response.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.371-378
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the effects of acupuncture on lower limb spasticity control in stroke patients. Methods: H-reflex/M-response ratio and Modified Ashworth Scale was used for evaluation of spasticity control before acupuncture, within one hours after acupuncture , at twenty-four hours, and four weeks. We divided two groups. One is the yin meridian acupunctured goup and the other is the yang meridian acupunctured group. Results: H/M ratio is declined within 1 or 24 hours after acupuncture for poststroke spasticity patients. The yin meridian acupunctured group is a bit more efficient than the yang meridian acupunctured goup. But there is no meaning in the statistics because of small patient pool. Conclusions: We need more patients group to decide the effect of electro- acupuncture on leg spasticity of stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.261-273
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to figure out the effects of herbal mesotherapy on abdominal fat in obese women. Methods : Forty obese women those who were diagnosed abdominal obesity had been recruited during February, 2008. They were randomly assigned experimental or control group under block-randomization. Experimental group were treated with Sobi-eum(Xiaofei-yin) injection during 6 weeks (2 times a week) and placebo group were treated with normal saline injection under same procedures. Anthropometry, body impedance analysis, fat computed tomography, blood test, and questionnaires had been administered before and after the treatment. Results : Four subjects were dropped out (voluntary give up), so 18 in experimental group and 18 in placebo group were evaluated. There were significant changes after treatments in both groups. Although no significant differences have been found in the result of anthropometry, body impedance analysis and fat computed tomography between two groups, in the experimental group, the changes of total fat area had a highly significant relationship with all part of abdominal fat. While the placebo group had highly significant relationships with subcutaneous fat area, superficial and deep subcutaneous fat area but not with visceral fat area. Conclusions : Compaired with saline group, herbal mesotheraphy Sobi-eum(Xiaofei-yin) is effective in reduction of visceral fat after adjusting TFA.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

Since long ago, there has been a saying that "Drink water to quench thirst, drink alcohol to remove anguish and anxiety, and drink tea to recover from fatigue and refresh mind." Tea is really better for body and mind than water when it is drunken long and is valuable Jinda(眞茶) given by mother nature. In particular, curing tea reflecting characteristics of climate changes in all seasons helps in keeping health. Since tea contains the Yin-Yang system, which is a philosophical ideology of ancient people, old predecessors knew which tea they should brew and drink for curing in harmony with Yin and Yang. As a factor that influences component changes of tea, a complex interaction of heaven, earth and man is important and especially, mind of a person to handle tea is most important. Tea is a natural curing drink, which plays a role as a bridge between humans and nature.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.812-817
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• 2012

In "The region of the body in which abdomen pain manifests(腹痛有部分)" of "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)", the abdomen is divided into the upper abdomen(大腹), umbilicus area(臍腹) and lower abdomen(小腹), which are in turn assigned to 3 Yins of greater yin(太陰), lesser yin(少陰) and reverting yin(厥陰) respectively to explain the causes and treatments of abdomen pain according to their locations. Meanwhile, the present Korean medicine tends to issue herbal formula without considering the cause of regional abdomen pain and the aspect of cold and heat(寒熱), deficiency and excess(虛實) in the symptom. This fragmentary treatment may bring out a serious failure. For the correction of this problem, the literature study on "The region of the body in which abdomen pain manifests(腹痛有部 分)" of "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)" was carried out to obtain the following conclusions. In "The region of the body in which abdomen pain manifest (腹痛有部分)" of "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)", it turned out that the use of herbal formula for the abdomen pain was the integrated one of herbal formulas for the abdomen pain in the external contraction such as cold damage yin condition(傷寒陰證) and cold in the middle condition(中寒證) and that the cause of abdomen pain was the explanation of diverse internal causes for the abdomen pain. And it was also found that the assignment of the upper abdomen(大腹), umbilicus area(臍腹) and lower abdomen(小腹) to 3 Yins had the locational and meridian meanings of 3 Yins according to internal causes and external contraction to get the basis of abdomen pain treatment in dividing it into 3 Yins.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 2006

Background and Purpose : The concept of $Wux{\'{\i}}ng$(五行) is central to all elements of the Koran traditional medicine. And $Wux{\'{\i}}ng$ is considered to one of the constitution theories in some of oriental medicine fields in South Korea. The aim of this study is to find necessary and concrete estimation factors for distributing patterns of $Wux{\'{\i}}ngr{\'{e}}n$(五行人) respectively. Methods : We translated and summarized the records about distinguishing characteristics and distributing points of Wu-Xing Ren described in <$L{\'{\i}}ngshu$(靈樞)${\cdot}$Yin-Y${\'{a}}$ng ${\`{e}}rsh{\'{\i}}wur{\'{e}}n$(陰陽二十五人)>. Some review articles were identified through searches of KISS and KERIS databases. Results and Conclusion : Concrete distinguishing characteristics and distributing points of Wu-Xing Ren were described in <$Lingshu{\cdot}Yin-Y{\'{a}}ng\;{\`{e}}rsh{\'{\i}}wur{\'{e}}n$>. According to <$Lingshu{\cdot}Yin-Y{\'{a}}ng\;{\`{e}}rsh{\'{\i}}wur{\'{e}}n$>, the most notable characteristics and distributing points are the skin color and shape of face. but the skin color and shape of face are too ambiguous to be used as distributing criteria in a practical manner. In stead size of head, longitudinal length of back, disposition, and width between both shoulders may be used as distributing criteria in practical clinic fields.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.175-202
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted towards developing a screening tool for syndrome differentiation in the diagnosis of menopause in menopausal and perimenopausal women. Methods: We conducted a literature review of studies on menopausal diagnosis based on syndrome differentiation, and examined well-founded differentiated syndromes and their respective clinical symptoms. Based on the findings, we created a questionnaire through consultations with Oriental medicine experts in physiology, pathology, and diagnostics. Finally, the research team conducted an expert Delphi study on differentiated syndromes and the associated clinical symptoms. Results: Seven differentiated syndromes were selected, including Liver Depression (肝鬱), Kidney Yin Deficiency (腎陰虛), Kidney Yang Deficiency (腎陽虛), Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency (肝腎陰虛), Kidney Yin and Yang Deficiency (腎陰陽兩虛), Heart-Kidney Noninteraction (心腎不交), and Dual Deficiency of Heart and Spleen (心脾兩虛); 4 disease locations, including liver (肝), heart (心), spleen (脾), and kidney (腎); and 3 disease natures, including Yin Deficiency (陰虛), Qi Stagnation (氣滯), and Blood Deficiency (血虛). In addition, we added 3 supplemental disease natures, including Yang Deficiency (陽虛), Qi Deficiency (氣虛), and Heat (火熱), in consideration of syndrome differentiation categories that may possibly be added in a follow-up clinical questionnaire. Conclusions: This resulted in a total of 7 differentiated syndromes, 4 disease locations, and 6 disease natures. We translated the clinical symptoms of these 17 categories into Korean Hangeul. After consulting with 5 Oriental medicine experts and a psychology expert, we produced a questionnaire for use in diagnosing menopause based on syndrome differentiation. The calculation of scores for the syndrome differentiation screening tool will be confirmed through clinical research based on the results of a review of existing literature.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-93
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• 2003

Twelve species in five genera of parasitic copepods are recorded from seventeen species of freshwater fishes of Korea. They are Ergasilus coniformis n. sp., Ergasilus ventriosus n. sp., E. briani Markewitsch, E. peregrinus Heller, Neoergasilus joponicus (Harada) N. lonsispinosus Yin, N. inflatus Yin, N. bullatus n. sp., N. angustus n. sp., Sinergasilus undulatus (Markewitsch), Lernaea cyprinacea L., and Lamproglena chinensis $Y{\"{u}}.$ As the most prevalent parasitic copepod, Neoergasilus japonicus is found to parasitize as many as ten species of freshwater fishes in Korea. The fish Zacco platypus, from which seven species of parasitic copepods are discovered, turned out to be the most preferred host of the parasitic copepods in this country. Full descriptions are given of the new species and new records of Korea. Lamproglena chinensis, an incompletely known species, is also redescribed.ibed.