• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2000

Classified handmade Korean paper which has been commonly used as the material for the paper cultural assets divide into four classes. We irradiated xenon arc lamp, which has almost the same spectrum distribution as natural sunlight, to test photo-induced of discoloration according to PEG molecular weight and concentration. So, we reach the followings. 1) Unbleached handmade Korean paper with PEG showed rapid decrease of brightness for 10 hours after photo-irradiation, regardless of molecular weight of PEG, but, after 10 hours, it showed gradual increase of brightness. From this, it proved that there was an effect of preventing discoloration of photo-irradiation. 2) Chemical bleached handmade Korean paper showed increase of brightness after 20 hours. Though time was delayed in increase of brightness, there was also an effect of preventing discoloration of photo-irradiation in chemical bleached paper. 3) Handmade Korean paper made with abet-mosk showed the lowest of brightness when it was tested on 400-20% PEG. Before photo-irradiation, the brightness of paper, applied it, was the lowest, but it showed the least difference of brightness after photo-irradiation. From this, it proved that there was the greatest effect of preventing discoloration in this paper. 4) Preventing yellowish, the first phenomena by photo-irradiation ageing with applying PEG was proved that there was the decrease of value of $b^*$ +, and increase value of $L^*$, which could fairly prevent decrease of brightness.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2003

Microstructure and chemical analysis of sintered bricks containing recycled wastes were investigated by SEM and EDS. The recycled wastes for which substitute ceramic raw materials were EAF (electric arc furnace) dust, fly ash and stone ash. Yellowish and brownish regions on the surface and brownish and blackish regions in the inside of bricks were observed. Main component of yellowish region on the surface turned out to be Zn. No chemical difference between the black-core region and brownish matrix. Mullite crystallites of 1 fm size were distributed in the inside of bricks and enclosed by glass phases. It seems that alumine-silicate mixtures of kaolin and fly ash were transformed to mullite crystallites during the sintering. Relatively large pores ot several ten fm size were observed in the black-core region in the inside of bricks. The main components of the inside of brick were Al and Si. The minor components were C, Na, Mg, K, Ca, and Fe. Particularly, the precipitates of Fe-rich crystallites were observed in the amorphous matrix. These precipitates were formed due to the local reduction atmosphere in the inside of bricks. Zn-rich covers were found on the surface of bricks because Zn diffused from the inside of bricks to the surface under the reduction atmosphere.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.169-175
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• 1983

For the classification of 531 isolates of Fusarium moniliforme from infected rice plants, five criteria were employed for clarifying the mycological difference from I to IV based on host symptoms, conidial formation, septate of macroconidia, color of mycelium on the culture, and fungicide response. Four strains I, II, III, and IV were detected and Strain IV was the most prevalent one. Based on mycological characteristics, macroconidia with 6 or 7 septate were mostly produced by Strains I and II. Four septate macroconidia were mostly formed by Strain III while Strain IV mostly formed 3 septate macroconidia. Strain I was reddish purple (5RP 5/4) on both the bottom and the surface of the media. Strain II produced reddish purple(5RP 3/2) on both the bottom and the surface of the media. Strain I produced mostly macroconidia in pionnotes on the media surface while Strain II produced mostly microconidia in pionnotes on the media surface. Both of Strain III and IV produced mostly macroconidia in sporodochia on the surface of the mycelium. Strain IV was less reduction of germination and caused abnormal elongation of all parts of the plants, but did not kill the plants in nursery boxes. Strain III killed fewer plants than Strain IV. As above results, isolates of F. moniliforme were classified into four strains I, II, III, and IV, on the basis of five criteria.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.1 s.84
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• pp.31-38
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• 1998

Since 1990, destructive yellow rots on Ganoderma lucidum caused by a soilborne fungus have been occurred in major cultivation areas of Korea. Incidences of the disease were 61% in Chulwon and 94% in Kanghwa area where the mushroom has been cultivated for 10 years, whereas the disease has not been found yet in new cultivation areas such as Moonkyung and Hongsung. when severely infected, inner tissues of bed-logs showed severe yellow and fruiting bodies of the mushroom was not produced. Infected tissues of bed-logs were readily distinguished from those of healthy ones by a distinctive brown border line. When the disease progressed, mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum were totally destroyed, and abundant ascocarps of the pathogen were formed inside the tissues of bed-logs showing yellowish green. The fungus derived from a single ascospore strongly lysed mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum growing on bottle media, and non-volatile components secreted by the pathogen were also highly inhibitory to mycelial growth of the mushroom fungus. The pathogen was identified as Arthrographis cuboidea based on its distinctive cultural and morphological characters. The fungus produced arthroconidia and unbrached conidiophores. The width of fungal conidia was distinctively wide as compared with the length. Colonies of the fungi were pale yellow to yellowish green on agar media. As a causal pathogen of yellow rot of Ganoderma lucidum., this fungus has not been reported yet in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2000

To investigate the cucumber regeneration from embryogenic calli, shoot tips of aseptically-grown cucumber seedlings were used as explants for establishing tissue cultures. Growth and differentiation of callus were studied by using Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing 0.5 to 2 mg/L 2,4-D. Plantlets were induced from shoot tip culture on the plant growth regulators-free MS medium. Non-embryogenic calli and viscous calli were induced on the medium supplemented with 0.5 to 2 mg/L 2,4-D, but embryogenic callus was not induced on the same medium. Segments (ca. 5∼10 mm) of aseptically-grown hypocotyl from five to seven days old seedlings after germination were placed on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D for 50 days. Embryogenic calli and embryoids were induced only from the seedlings grown in dark condition, and hypocotyl was placed on the media explanted in light condition. Foully-five point one percent of white fragile calli and 0.6% yellowish compact calli formed roots. Yellowish callus lines were investigated to have a considerably higher concentration of crude proteins than white callus lines. Plantlets derived from embryogenic calli or embryoids have been transferred to pots containing sterile vermiculite and perlite. Normal fruits were harvested from nutrient culture on aggregated hydroponics in the F-clean house.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• no.nspc5
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• pp.71-79
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• 2005

Two hypotrichous ciliates inhabiting the representative terrestrial habitats of Jindo Island, Holostichides chardezi Foissner, 1987 and Rigidocortex octonucleatus (Foissner, 1988) are found from Jindo Island. These two species are newly recorded from Korea. The description was based on the observation of living specimens, protargol impregnated specimens and biometric analysis. The morphological variations among the populations of these species were investigated with morphometry. The diagnostic characteristics of these species are as follows: Holostichides chardezi : elongate body flexible and twisted, yellowish subpellicular granules scattered entire cortex, adoral zone of membranelles covering about $28\%$ of body length, left and right rows of mid-ventral cirri paired, left row ended at buccal vertex and right row extending to center of body, no transverse cirri, both marginal rows of cirri not confluent at posterior end, 28-42 macronuclei and 1-5 micronuclei scattered entire body. 3 caudal cirri and 4 dorsal kineties. Rigidocortex octonucleatues: elongate-oval body rigid and not contractile, yellowish cytoplasmic crystals and fat globules densely packed, adoral zone of membranelles covering about $40\%$ of body length, 5 transverse cirri, both marginal rows of cirri not confluent at posterior end, 8 macronuclei longitudinally arranged in median of cell, 3 caudal cirri and 7-10 fragmented dorsal kineties.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2018

'Geumhyang2ho', a new brown and labor-saving variety of Flammulina velutipes, was bred by spontaneous crossing between 'Geumhyang' and 'Garlmoe' during demonstration cultivation in bag culture farm of oyster mushroom in 2013. During bottle cultivation, the temperature was maintained at $16^{\circ}C$; the variety displayed good quality compared to the control ('Geumhyang'), without necessitating vinyl cone treatment. The time periods necessary for mycelial growth, fruit body growth, and primordia formation were 24 days, 11 days, and 8 days, respectively. The total cultivation period was 43 days, which was 2 days longer than that of the control. The pileus diameter was smaller, but the pileus thickness and stipe diameter were greater than those of the control. The pileus color was yellowish ivory, which was very similar to that of the control. The yield of 'Geumhyang2ho' was 118 g per 850 ml bottle, which was markedly lower than that for bottle cultivation with vinyl cone treatment. However, its good quality suggests the potential of the labor-saving bottle-based cultivation of 'Geumhyang2ho' without vinyl cone treatment in oyster mushroom farms.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2021

Rye (Secale cereal L.) is the most tolerant to abiotic stress including low temperature, drought, and unfavorable soil conditions among the winter cereals. Rye is the rapid growth of early spring results from increasing areas for the use of the forage and green manure in the middle part of Korea. "Jungmo2509", a rye cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2014. It was developed from a cross between "Olhomil", a self-compatible cultivar, and "Synthetic II", a self-incompatible line. "Jungmo2509" is an erect plant type and of a middle size, with a green leaf color, a yellowish-white colored culm, and a yellowish brown-colored, small-size grain. The heading date of "Jungmo2509" was April 23, which was 5 days later than that of "Gogu", respectively. But "Jungmo2509" showed greater resistance to lodging compared to that of the check cultivar, with similar to winter hardiness, wet injury, and disease resistance. "Jungmo2509" was a higher to than "Gogu" in terms of protein content (9.4% and 8.0%, respectively), total digestible nutrients (TDN) (55.7% and 55%, respectively). The seed productivity of "Jungmo2509" was approximately 2.08 ton 10a-1, which was 11% lower than that of the check. Almost all rye cultivars are out-crossing due to genes controlling incompatibility, but "Jungmo2509" is higher seed fertility (56%) than that of Gogu (0%). it has self-compatible genes. "Jungmo2509" is erect in plant type and resistance for lodging. Therefore, "Jungmo2509" can produce uniform seeds for processed grains of human consumption and utilize them as parents for breeding the rye hybrids with high forage yields.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2021

'Gwangyoung', a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2018. The cultivar 'Gwangyoung' has leaves of wide width, medium length, and green color, and spikes of medium length and yellowish-brown color, and a large grain of yellowish-brown color. The heading date of the cultivar 'Gwangyoung' was April 22 which was similar to check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. Its tolerance or resistance to cold, lodging, wet injury powdery mildew, and leaf rust were also similar to those of the check cultivar. The leaf blade ratio of 'Gwangyoung' (27.5%) was higher than that of 'Shinyoung' (21.2%). The average forage fresh and dry matter yield of cultivar 'Gwangyoung' at milk-ripe stages were 50.0 and 17.6 MT ha-1, respectively, which were higher than those (47.7 and 17.1 MT ha-1) of the check cultivar. The silage quality of 'Gwangyoung' was lower than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' in crude protein content (5.3%) and total digestible nutrients (61.3%), while was higher than the check cultivar in neutral detergent fiber (58.2%) and acid detergent fiber (34.9%). 'Gwangyoung' showed the silage of 1 grade and a grain yield of 6.03 MT ha-1.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.343-370
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• 2023

Developing improved wheat varieties is vital for global food security to meet the rising demand for food. Therefore, assessing the genetic diversity across wheat genotypes is crucial. This study examined the diversity of 168 durum wheat and 47 common wheat collections from 54 different countries using twelve agro-morphological parameters. Geumgang, a prominent Korean common wheat variety, was used as a control. Both qualitative and quantitative agronomical characteristics showed wide variations. Most durum wheats were shown to possess dense spikes (90%), while common wheats showed dense (40%) or loose (38%) spikes, with yellowish-white being the dominant spike color. The majority of the accessions were awned regardless of wheat type, yellowish-white being the main awn color. White or red kernels were produced, with white kernels dominating in both common (74%) and durum (79%) wheats. Days to heading (DH) and days to maturity (DM) were in the ranges of 166-215 and 208-250 days, respectively, while the culm length (CL), spike length (SL), and awn length (AL) were in the ranges of 53.67-163, 5.33-18.67, and 0.50-19.00 cm, respectively. Durum wheats possessed the shortest average DH, DM, and SL, while common wheat had the longest CL and AL (p < 0.05). Common wheats also exhibited the highest average one-thousand-kernel weight. Hierarchical cluster analysis, aided by principal component analysis, grouped the population into seven clusters with significant differences in their quantitative variables (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this research revealed diversity among common and durum wheat genotypes. Notably, 26 durum wheat and 17 common wheat accessions outperformed the control, offering the potential for developing early-maturing, high-yielding, and lodging-resistant wheat varieties.