• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.161-172
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• 1969

Ten experimental tuna long line fishing operations were performed with the long lines A and B, in combination casting orders of BA and AB. The long line B differs from A in its additional main line length per basket and its greater depth of submersion (Table 1). The BA casting order results in an AB hauling order, so that the long line B is casted at an earlier time of a day and fishes for a longer period than A line (fig. 2). The number of fish caught was divided into subclasses in order to be subjected to $x^2-tests$ (Table 2). The first series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated using the hooking rates of two subclasses with other factors pooled (Table 3). The second series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated to obtain the interactions between two subclasses when other factors differed (Table 4). Attention was paid to the extremely small interactions as well as to the large interactions in order to find out whether a factor functions in the same way or in a contradictory way when the other factors involved differ. The test result is summarized in Table 5. The relationship between the hook casting time (relative to the sunrise time) and the hooking rates reveals the feeding behavior of particular species (fig. 3) A high hooking rate for yellowfin tuna shown in the period from one hour before sunrise to the moment of sunrise suggests that they feed actively in that period. Their poor hooking rate on earlier casted hooks suggests that they do not feed well under conditions of darkness and that they feed best while the hooks are sinking. Furthermore it is likely that yellowfin tuna maintain a shallow depth in the daytime, for the $x^2$ interaction between the line casting order BA and AB shows their persistant preferance of the long line A regardless of line casting order. Bigeye tuna show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness, and show a preference for the sea's deeper layer. Alepisaurus borealis (Gill) show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness more significantly than the bigeye tuna and their preferance for deep layers is also more significant. Marlins (mainly Makaria mazara) show a feeding behavior which is similar to the yellowfin tuna. The author emphasizes that certain variations of the hooking rates in relation to the line easting time were caused by an inadequate fishing depth as well as by the fish preference for a particular feeding time. When the part of the line casted in pre-dawn hours and hauled in the pre-sunset hours show a significantly lower hooking rate than other parts of the line, then it is concluded that tile hooks settled in a sea layer too deep for feeding.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.21-31
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• 1986

The author investigated the relation between the catches of tuna species and the distribution of horizontal mean temperature at the Jepth of 10m and of vertical temperture sections in the different fishing grounds, using the date of catches in 1980, showing a relative good ones during six years from 1975 to 1980, and of oceanographic observations. Yellowfin and bigeye are mainly caught in South Equatorial Current regions including equatorial upwelling region in 5$^{\circ}$N to 5$^{\circ}$S, and albacore is mainly caught in Subtropical region in 20$^{\circ}$5 to 40$^{\circ}$5. The good fishing grounds of yellowfin and bigeye are made in the depth layer of 100 m to 250 m and temperature of 15$^{\circ}$C to 26$^{\circ}$C having a smooth gradient of thermocline in the Central Pacific between 180$^{\circ}$ and 1500W. But albacore is caught well in which the temperature of thermocline ranges from 100e to 25$^{\circ}$C and its gradient very smoothly. Approaching to the American Continent, the catches of yellowfin and big eye decrease because the thermocline becomes shallower and steeper at Eastern Pacific Region between 1500 and 800W.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.449-461
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to conduct an ecosystem-based fishery risk assessment of tuna fisheries in the Western Indian Ocean. We selected gillnet, purse seine, hand line, baitboat, and longline fisheries as the target fisheries method, and selected longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol), narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (T. albacares), bigeye tuna (T. obesus), albacore tuna (T. alalunga) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius) as the target species. The risk score for the size at the first capture in sustainability objective was high, especially, for the purse seine and baitboat fisheries using the fish aggregating devices (FADs). The risk score for the bycatch in the biodiversity objective was high for the gillnet fishery, and the gillnet fisheries using FADs showed high risks for the habitat quality objective due to the loss of the fishing gears. With regards to the socio-economic benefits objective, the risk score of the sales profits was low due to high sales of the tuna fisheries. The ecosystem risk score in the Western Indian Ocean was estimated to be moderate, although management is required for some of the indicators that have high-risk scores.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.14.1-14.10
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• 2016

Isoelectric solubilization/precipitation (ISP) processing allows selective, pH-induced water solubility of proteins with concurrent separation of lipids and removal of materials not intended for human consumption such as bone, scales, skin, etc. Recovered proteins retain functional properties and nutritional value. Four roe protein isolates (RPIs) from yellowfin tuna roe were prepared under different solubilization and precipitation condition (pH 11/4.5, pH 11/5.5, pH 12/4.5 and pH 12/5.5). RPIs contained 2.3-5.0 % moisture, 79.1-87.8 % protein, 5.6-7. 4 % lipid and 3.0-3.8 % ash. Protein content of RPI-1 and RPI-2 precipitated at pH 4.5 and 5.5 after alkaline solubilization at pH 11, was higher than those of RPI-3 and RPI-4 after alkaline solubilization at pH 12 (P < 0.05). Lipid content (5.6-7.4 %) of RPIs was lower than that of freeze-dried concentrate (10.6 %). And leucine and lysine of RPIs were the most abundant amino acids (8.8-9.4 and 8.5-8.9 g/100 g protein, respectively). S, Na, P, K as minerals were the major elements in RPIs. SDS-PAGE of RPIs showed bands at 100, 45, 25 and 15 K. Moisture and protein contents of process water as a 2'nd byproduct were 98.9-99.0 and 1.3-1.8 %, respectively. Therefore, yellowfin tuna roe isolate could be a promising source of valuable nutrients for human food and animal feeds.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2008

Processing of collagen from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) abdominal skins was optimized by response surface methodology and central composite design. The values of independent variables at optimal conditions were NaOH concentration: 0.5 N, NaOH treatment time: 36.2 hr, pepsin concentration: 1:4.9 ratio (0.245%, w/v), and digestion time: 48.1 hr, respectively. The collagen content estimated under optimal conditions was 33.1%, and the actual experimental collagen content was 32.3%. Physicochemical properties of collagen from yellowfin tuna abdominal skin were investigated by amino acids analysis, SDS-PAGE, FT-IR, viscosity and denaturation temperature. Amino acids content of the collagen was 21.0%. SDS-PAGE pattern of the collagen showed two different $\alpha$-chain (${\alpha}_1$- and ${\alpha}_2$- chain), $\beta$-component and $\gamma$-component. The spectrum of FT-IR of the collagen showed wavenumber at 3,434, 1,650, 1,542 and $1,235\;cm^{-1}$ representing the regions of amide A, I, II and III, respectively. Relative viscosity of the collagen decreased continuously on heating up to $32^{\circ}C$, and the rate of decrease was retarded in the temperature range of $35-50^{\circ}C$. Denaturation temperature (Td) of the collagen solution (0.06%, w/v) was $31^{\circ}C$ and was lower than calf skin collagen ($35^{\circ}C$).

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.174-179
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• 2006

Information on the distribution characteristics of tuna resources in Kiribati EEZ waters in three zones (Zone 1: west Gilbert region, Zone 2: central Phoenix region, and Zone 3: east Line region) as well as their relationship with the ocean environment is critical for sustainable managing the migratory tuna resource and fishing practices in this region. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution and concentration of bigeye (BET) and yellowfin tuna (YFT) in Kiribati EEZ waters in relation to sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline depth so as to better understand the tuna resources management basis in Kiribati waters. The geographic and temporal distribution and concentration were first displayed. Paired t-test was utilized to compare the distribution between the two tuna species based on Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) derived from the Korean longliners during 1996 to 2004, and also among the three zones of Kiribati EEZ waters. Environmental conditions of the three zones were then compared and correlated with the CPUE of YFT and BET. In addition, the effect of ENSO phenomena on the environmental conditions and the distribution of YFT and BET within the three zones were also examined. The BET was relatively higher in the Zone 3 whereas YFT predominate in the Zone 1 and the Zone 2 due to oceanographic differences among the three zones and the ecological habitats of the two tuna species. It was suggested that El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena altered the oceanographic conditions of the three zones that in turn change the distribution of the two tuna species. During El Ni?o, the warm phase of ENSO, resulted in having more BET in all the three zones and the opposite observed during La Ni?a (cold phase) replacing by having relatively higher catch rate for YFT, particularly in the Zone 2. Although the results of the study are from short periods (1996 to 2004) in considering oceanographic anomality, these environmental variations should be considered into sustainable fisheries management of tuna fisheries in Kiribati EEZ waters.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.360-369
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• 1987

남동 태평양의 위도 $5^{\circ}N\~12^{\circ}S$, 경도 $115^{\circ}$ 해역에서 1980년 12월 9일부터 1981년 4월 2일에 걸쳐 조업한 참치 어장 야장과 DBT 기록 테이프를 정리여, 어획된 해구의 각 정점마다의 수온 연직 구조 및 남동 태평양의 해양 환경과 그에 따른 어획물 포를 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서 조업이 행해진 해역은 위도 $5^{\circ}N\~12^{\circ}S$의 적도 용승역을 포함하는 남적도 해류역이였으며, 이 해역의 1, 2, 3월의 깊이 10m의 수온 수평분 포도를 살펴보면 거의 모든 해역의 온도가 $25^{\circ}C$ 정도임을 알 수 있다. 또, 위 해역의 염분은 $34.80\~35.00\%_{\circ}$ 였다. 한편 위 해역에서 눈다랑어와 황다랑어는 수온 약층의의 상부 수심 100m 정도에서 수온 약층 하부 수심 300m 까지의 수온차가 약 $12^{\circ}C$ 정도되는 SW type의 수온 연직 구조에서 주로 어획이 되었고, 수온 약층의 깊이가 깊을 수록 어획량이 많아지고 있다. 또한 날개다랑어는 온도 $8\~26^{\circ}C$이며 수심 50m 간격간의 수온 차가 약 $2.5^{\circ}C$로 균일한 변화를 나타내는 가장 완만한 형태인 SS type의 수온 연직 구조에서 주로 어획이 되었다. 그리고 눈다랑어의 최소한의 산소 요구량인 1ml/l 등양면의 깊이는 $140\~100^{\circ}W$에서는 주로 $200\~100m$ 수심이며 $110^{\circ}W$에서 부터 남미대륙쪽으로갈수록 등양면(1ml/l)의 길이는 100m 정도로 낮아진다. 어획량의 수평 분포를 살펴보면 남적도 해류역에서 눈다랑어가 황다랑어 보다 더 많이 어획되었다. 그리고, 남북미 대륙쪽에 가까와질수록 주 수온 약층 아주 얕아지고 그 기울기가 급하게 되며, 또 1ml/l 용재 산소 등양면의 깊이가 낮아질수록 황다랑어와 눈다랑어의 어획량이 줄고 있음을 고찰할 수 있다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.22-33
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• 2009

Ecological risk assessment(ERA), developed in Australia, can be used to estimate the risk of target, bycatch and protected species from the effects of fishing using limited data for stock assessment. In this study, we employed the ERA approach to estimate risks to tunas, billfishes, sharks, sea turtles and other species by the Korean tuna longline fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean using productivity and susceptibility analyses of the ERA based on low(<1.30), medium(1.30-1.84) and high risk(>1.84). Albacore, bigeye, yellowfin, skipjack and bluefin tunas were generally evaluated in the medium risk. The susceptibility of tuna species, however, had higher risks than the productivity. Billfishes were also at medium risk, while sharks were at high risk by the tuna longline fishery. The risk of productivity was generally high, because most sharks caught by the tuna longline fishery have high longevities, i.e., over 10 years, including ovoviviparous species. Susceptibility, which is related with the selection of fishing gear, was also high, because the longline fishery has no gear modifications to prevent bycatch of protected species. Not only target tuna species were influenced by the tuna longline fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, but also nontarget species, such as pomfret, mackerels rays, sea turtle were done. Ecosystem-based fishery assessment tools, such as productivity and susceptibility analysis(PSA), have the ability to provide broad scientific advice to the policy makers and stakeholders.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 1982

주낙으로 어획된 다랑어의 위내에 들어있는 꽁치 머리의 빈도분포를 해석하여 미끼를 삼킨 다랑어가 그 낚시에 낚이는 어획률을 추정하기 위하여 2항분포식에서 유도한 수식을 적용하였다. 꽁치 머리를 삼킨 다랑어가 그 낚시에 낚이는 확률을 p, 낚이지 아니하는 확률을 q, 낚시에 낚인 다랑어가 그 낚시에서 미끼 꽁치 머리를 위속에 보유하는 확률을 r, 낚이기 전에 삼킨 꽁치 머리를 보유하는 확률을 t로 하는 수식에 꽁치 머리빈도의 관측치를 적합 시켜서 다음과 같은 $\frac{p}{p+q^t}$값과 r의 최적추정치를 얻었다. 황다랑어; $\frac{p}{p+q^t}$=0.789, r=0.598 눈다랑어; $\frac{p}{p+q^t}$=0.810 r=0.608, 날개다랑어; $\frac{p}{p+q^t}$=0.838, r=0.621.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 1982

꽁치를 통째로 미끼로 하는 다랑어 주낙으로 어획된 다랑어 위속에 들어있는 꽂치 토막의 어체부체별 빈도에서 다랑어의 섭취 습성을 추측하였다. 꽁치 토막을 머리와 꼬리의 유무에 따라 분류하여 꽁치 온마리(A토막) 머리 토막(B토막) 몸통 토막(C토막) 및 꼬리 토막(D토막)으로 구분하고 다랑어 위를 위속에 들어있는 꽁치 토막에 따라 독립적으로 구분하여 A위 , B 위 및 C, D위로 정하고이 호정별로 3개의 소표본을 얻은 다음 소표본마다 그 유의특성을 제거하기 위하여 위와 동-발인 꽁치 토막의 빈도에서 위와 동수만콤의 빈도를 제외한 나머지 빈도에서 위의 호정과 꽁치 토막의 부위와의 관련성을 $X^2$검정하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. (1) 꽁치의 머리 토막을 삼키고 어획된 다랑어는 먼저 꼬리 토막을 떼어 삼킨 다음 그 꽁치의 머리토막을 삼킨 것으로 인정되는 것이 많다. (2) 꽁치의 머리 토막을 삼킨 다랑어의 조획률은 꽁치 온마리를 삼킨 다랑어의 조획률보다 높아.(3) 꽁치의 머리(A토막과 B토막)를 삼킨 다랑어가 낚시에 낚이지 아니한 것은 아마 꽁치의 꼬리부를 먼저 물어서 그 미끼의 머리가 낚시에서 연도된 것을 삼켰을 것이다.