• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.49-59
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• 2005

This paper proposed a six-color separation using additional colorants and quantitative granularity metric to reduce color difference and graininess. In the conventional method, light magenta and light cyan are used in the bright region instead of magenta and cyan. However, the hue value of liBht magenta and light cyan is different from the one of magenta and cyan in CIELAB space, so that this makes the colorimetric reproduction more or less inaccurate. To improve this inaccuracy, the proposed method uses yellow and light magenta colorants as the additional colorants. In the bright region, magenta is replaced with light magenta and yellow, while cyan is replaced with light cyan and light magenta. This selection reduces hue difference because it creates the color of similar hue to magenta and cyan. In addition, smooth image can be simultaneously obtained by the less dot visibility of additional colorants. In the middle region, magenta is replaced with light magenta and magenta, while cyan is replaced with light cyan and cyan. The use of two colorants having a different concentration makes the dot Pattern coarse. To reflect this Phenomenon, quantitative granularity metric is used. In the dark region, only magenta and cyan colorant is used as usual. Through experiments, it is shown that the proposed method improves both colorimetric and smooth tone reproductions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.242-253
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• 2020

This study examined the ef ects of freshwater discharge by artificial dikes from the Kanwol and Bunam lakes on the dynamics in the Chunsu Bay, Yellow Sea, Korea, during the summer season based on three-dimensional numerical modeling experiments. Model performances were evaluated in terms of skill scores for tidal elevation, velocity, temperature, and salinity and these scores mostly exceeded 90 %. The variability in residual currents before and after the freshwater discharge was examined. The large amount of lake water discharge through artificial dikes may result in a dramatically changed density field in the Chunsu Bay, leading to an estuarine circulation system. The density-driven current formed as a result of the freshwater inflow through the artificial dikes (Kanwol/Bunam) caused a partial change in the tidal circulation and a change in the scale and location of paired residual eddies. The stratification formed by strengthened static stability following the freshwater discharge led to a dramatic increase in the Richardson number and lasted for a few weeks. The strong stratification suppressed the vertical flux and inhibited surface aerated water mixing with bottom water. This phenomenon would have direct and indirect impacts on the marine environment such as hypoxia/anoxia formation at the bottom.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Mongolia has one of the strongest climate warming signals on Earth, and over 40% of the human population depends directly or indirectly on pastoral livestock production for their livelihoods. Thus, climate-driven changes in rangeland production will likely have a major effect on pastoral livelihoods . The loss of species dependent mostly on rainfall has resulted in adverse changes in the botanical composition of the steppes . Summer season in 2015 was completely dry until middle of July and, had not enough vegetation cover as last 15 years. The purpose of this study is to check plant community dynamics in Mongolia in relation to climate change in 2014 and 2015. The study sites were selected in mountain-steppe habitat in central Mongolia. In the 2014, there have been registered 81 plant species of 56 genera of 25 families on the investigated sites and, occurred 57 plant species of 44 genera of 21 families in the 2015. It is concluded that the abundance and richness of plants are directly connected to heavily affect by the climatic factor, i.e. amount of precipitation during growing season. As a same like result of climate change, in Mongolian land is going become desertification, and each spring, soil particles from Mongolia are swept up by a cold air mass into the atmosphere and blasts into south east China, Korea and Japan. The Koreans call this phenomenon the "Fifth season" or "Yellow sand", and the Chinese call it "Yellow dragon".

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2005

As the basic study about improvement of yellow croaker drift gill net fishing implement and development of the fishing system, this study drew problem after synthetically analyzing hauling system of yellow croaker drift gill net used in the coast of Chuja Island and tested several characters and analyzed in hauling process with 5 step net hauler model for improving the problem. The analysis results are as follows. When the angle between axises of drum centers was small, it showed the tendency that hauling time was fast. Hauling time was faster when drum was 5 step rather than 3 step. When drum was 5 step, slippery phenomenon was small and hauling was stable. Tension was larger when drum was 5 step rather than 3 step. When drum was 5 step, the range of change of the maximum and minimum value was small and hauling was stable. When drum was 3 step, there was following formula between hauling time ($Ht_3$) and angle between axises of drum centers ($A_g$) $Ht_3$ : ($7.15Hs^{-0.81}$) $A_g^{-0.81}$, when drum was 5 step there was following formula.$Ht_5$ : ($6.45Hs^{-0.75}$) $A_g0.10$, here, Hs is hauling speed. When drum was 3 step and hauling speed was 28cm/sec, tension was $T=0.08A_8^3-1.60A_g^3-0.49A_g+369.56(r=0.99)$, when drum was 5 step, tension was, $T=-0.01A_g^3+1.96A_g^2-34.05A_g+414.58$ (r-0.99), here, T was tension(g).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

Sky cover method can be used to determine sky condition by cloud amount of the Korea Meteorological Administration. And, HCI (Hourly Clearness Index) method is another method determined by measured horizontal global radiation data. The results of the HCI methods of Erbs et al. (1982), Orgill and Hollands (1977) seem to be not good enough because of the air pollution such as smog phenomenon or yellow sand phenomenon and so on. Therefore, HCI should be corrected. The aim of this study is to improve HCI. Therefore, this study is to analyze and compare on the sky conditions from Sky cover method and HCI, and then presents hourly correction factor based on Sky 채팩 method. The results of corrected HCI improved.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2019

Objective : Describe the phenomenon of "clear qi below, turbid qi above" as found in the Somun Eumyangeungsangdaelon (Major Essay on Yinyang Resonances and Appearances 素問 陰陽應象大論) and compare this pattern with water-grain dysentery and flatulence symptom patterns in the Sanghallon (Treatise on Cold Damage). Method : Study the annotation of the Hwangjenaegyeong (Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic 黃帝內經) and compare the results with the Sanghallon's water-grain dysentery and flatulence. Conclusions and Results : The causes of water-grain dysentery and flatulence are associated with the ascending and descending properties of Yin and Yang. Additionally, these symptoms can also be caused by pathogenic heat, turbid pathogenic factors, and interruption of the movement of clear and turbid qi. Aspects of water-grain dysentery resemble several patterns found in the Sanghallon. If caused by a weakness of yang qi, it resembles Sayeoktang (四逆湯) syndrome. Weakness of spleen qi resembles Ijungtang (理中湯) syndrome. Flatulence is similar to fullness in the chest syndrome, which in the Sanghallon is caused by an obstruction of cold qi. If there is excessive cold, water-grain dysentery is similar to the syndrome of Gyeolhyung (結胸). If the qi is not scattered, deficiency syndrome is similar to Gyejigejagyaktang (桂枝去芍藥湯) syndrome and excess syndrome is similar to Mahwangtang (麻黃湯) syndrome. When flatulence is caused by fever in chest, it is similar to Chijasitang (梔子?湯) syndrome. When caused by heat and phlegm build up in chest, it is similar to Sipjotang (十棗湯) syndrome.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2008

We studied the difference between the clay mineral content in the bulk marine sediments (absolute clay mineral composition) and clay mineral content only in total clay minerals (relative clay mineral composition) of the Yellow Sea marine sediments, and correlated the relationship between their distribution patterns. We used 56 Yellow Sea Surface sediments collected at the second cruise in 2001 of KORDI, and determined the absolute mineral composition using the quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. Yellow Sea surface sediments consist of primary rock forming minerals including quartz (average 44.7%), plagioclase (15.9%), alkali feldspar (10.0%), hornblende (2.8%) together with clay minerals (illite 15.3%, chlorite 2.6% and kaolinite 1%) and carbonates (calcite 1.7%, aragonite 0.6%). Absolute clay mineral contents are very high in the region extending from the southeast of Sandong Peninsula to the southwest of Jeju Island. In contrast, it is very low along the margin of the Yellow Sea. Such distribution patterns of absolute clay mineral content are very similar to those of fine-grained sediments in the study area. The average relative clay mineral composition of illite, chlorite, and kaolinite is respectively 80.3%, 14.9% and 4.8%. The distribution pattern of relative mineral composition shows very different phenomenon when compared with those of absolute mineral composition, and also do not exhibit any positive relationship with that of fine-grained sediments in which clay mineral composition is abundant. Therefore, we suggest that the relative clay mineral compositions and their distribution patterns must be used very carefully when interpreting the origin of sediment provenance.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.139-152
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• 2008

China's rapid growth of economy and developing logistics facilities such as sea and air ports can give the good effects to increase the trade and logistics cargo volumes within Pan Yellow Sea Economic Bloc which consists of Korea, China, Japan and Russia. These phenomenon also stimulate the development of the West Coastal Integrated Belt in South Korea. In the past 20th century, South Korea's advanced and developed areas were located on the Kyeong-Bu Axis, the straight line of Seoul and Busan. However, due to the china's effect, this axis is moving into the West Coast area between Incheon (Seoul) and Mokpo, which is closely located to China. In this aspect, sea ports located in West Coast of Korea have shown the steep increase in container and non-container cargo volumes. With regard to the changing environments in sea ports, this paper's aim is to investigate the developing potential of Gunsan (Saemangum) area located on mid of West Coast. As results, targeted area have shown the potential in terms of port network, supply chain management and transferring location for container cargoes. Moreover, for implementing the suitable roles, construction of New Saemangun port, closely located in Gunsan port, is needed to overcome the limitations of Gunsan port.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 1973

The present paper concerns the age determination and growth of butter fish, Pampus argenteus from the southwestern waters of Korea by otolith reading. 743 specimens taken by stow-net in the southern part of the Yellow Sea and northeastern part of the East China Sea during the period from October 1972 to September 1973 were examined. Results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Sex ratio of females to males was found to be 2:1. 2. Ring marks on the otolith were found to be formed twice a year, once during the period of January-May and the other time in September. 3. The Lee's phenomenon was observed on the otolith sample. 4. The relationship between the radius of otolith(R) and fork length(L) was found to be as follows: R=0.3069+0.0133L 5. Calculated fork length at the time of otolith ring formation are found to be as follows:I-ring,71.67mm; II-ring, 125.05mm; III-ring, 168.65mm; IV-ring, 201.74mm; V-ring, 225.80mm; VI-ring, 240.84mm. 6. Maximum fork length calculated according to the diagram of Walford's growth transformation was found to be 281.5mm. 7. Growth curve, when related to the von Bertalanffy's equation, was laid out as $L_{t}=281.5[1-e$^{-0.674(t-0.128)}]$

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

OH radical and NOx have been measured in a methane-air partially premixed flame using PLIF technique to define preheated air combustion characteristics. The temperature of mixture is determined by 300K, 400K, 600K and 800K below the auto-ignition temperature respectively. Flame height increases as equivalence ratio increased. As initial enthalpy is supplied, the radius of flame was increased and much amount of yellow flame in rich equivalence ratio was observed. This is due to the faster burning velocity. Also initial oxidization begins earlier as the initial temperature of mixture increased. It means that height of premixed flame front decreased. This phenomenon can be observed OH PLIF image. The qualitative analysis of OH concentration in the PLIF image shows that overall OH concentration increases with equivalence ratio and the initial temperature of mixture increased. At the preheating temperature goes up, axial gradient of OH concentration is less steep than that of lower temperature condition. This may identify that combustion reacts continuously, so preheated air combustion can evade the local heating and make high temperature indiscriminately in the overall reaction zone.