• 제목/요약/키워드: yellow cotyledon

검색결과 25건 처리시간 0.026초

Variation of Anthocyanins and Isoflavones between Yellow-Cotyledon and Green-Cotyledon Seeds of Black Soybean

  • Kim, Sun-Lim;Kim, Hyun-Bok;Chi, Hee-Youn;Park, Nam-Kyu;Son, Jong-Rok;Yun, Hong-Tae;Kim, Si-Ju
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.778-782
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    • 2005
  • Analysis of black soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.; 59 Korean varieties] revealed that 100-seed weights of green cotyledon seeds (33.5 g, n=31) were higher than those of yellow ones (28.9 g, n=28). Contents of delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G), cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), petunidin-3-glucoside (P3G), and total anthocyanins in seed coats of black soybeans were 0.03-4.15, 0.74-18.36, 0.02-1.60, and 0.87-23.52 mg/g, respectively, among which most prominent anthocyanin was C3G (80.9% of total content), followed by D3G (13.6%) and P3G (5.5%). No significant differences were observed in color parameters $a^*$ and $b^*$ between black soybeans with yellow cotyledon (BYC) and green cotyledon (BGC). Total isoflavone content of BGC was higher than that of BYC, and negative correlation was found between total anthocyanin and isoflavone contents.

멜론 체세포배의 조직학적 특징 (Histological Characteristics of Somatic Embryos in Melon (Cucumis melo L.))

  • 최필선;권석윤
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.511-515
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    • 2013
  • 멜론으로부터 체세포배를 얻기 위하여 유식물체의 배축 절편을 1 mg/L 2,4-D와 0.5 mg/L BA가 혼합첨가된 MS배지 치상하여 6주 동안 배양하였다. 배축절편으로부터 연한 노란색의 부드러운 캘러스 형성을 거쳐 형성된 체세포배중에는 2개의 자엽을 갖는 정상적인 형태의 체세포배(26%)와 합생 자엽을 갖는 나팔형의 비 정상적인 체세포배(74%)가 관찰되었다. 정상 체세포배의 하배축 부위에서는 원형의 전형성층 조직이 발달되었고, 자엽 절 부위로 이동되면서 점차 독립적으로 나뉘어져 자엽에서는 완전히 2개의 전형성층 조직으로 분화하였다. 그러나 합생 자엽을 갖는 나팔형의 체세포배에서는 하배축에서 발달된 원형의 전형층조직이 자엽 절과 자엽부위에서도 원형의 전형성층 조직으로 연결되어 있었다. 또한 2개의 자엽을 갖는 정상 및 합생 자엽을 갖는 비 정상 체세포배 tunica-corpus구조를 볼 수 없었으며 전형적인 dome구조도 관찰할 수 없었다. 이러한 결과는 체세포배에서 전형성층 조직의 분화는 자엽형성 및 유경조직 형성과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 추측할 수 있다.

콩 종실크기 및 종피색에 따른 침종후 수분흡수특성, 자엽손상 및 배축 신장력의 차이 (Water Uptake, Cotyledon Damage after Imbibition and Hypocotyl Elongation in Soybean with Different Seed Size and Color)

  • 박금룡;김석동;류용환
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.331-338
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    • 1994
  • 콩의 종실크기 및 종피색에 따른 침종후 수분흡수, 자엽손상 및 배축신장의 차이를 구명하고자, 황색 및 흑색 대소립종 각각 4품종씩을 공시하여 경시적인 수분 흡수및 발아양상을 조사하고 나아가서, 침종후 자엽손상률과 발아과정중의 배축신장력을 상호비교하였던바, 다음과 같은 몇가지 결과를 얻었다. 1. 유근의 중양은 대립종이 높았으나, 종실에 대한 유근의 비율에 있어서는 대립종이 1.8%, 소립종 2.9%로 소립종이 현저히 높았고, 종피색간에는 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 종피율은 대립종 6.6%에 비하여 소립종은 9.2%로 뚜렷히 높았고, 흑색종은 황색종에 비하여 높은 종피율을 보여 흑색종의 종피가 두껍다는 것을 알 수있었다. 2. $25^{\circ}C$에서의 수분흡수를 보면 소립종이 초기 수분흡수력이 높았으나, 수분평형상태에 도달한 24시간에는 대립종의 수분흡수율이 다소 높았고, 흑색종피종은 침종후 3시간까지는 수분흡수가 황색종에 비해 크게 지연되었으나, 침종 24시간에는 오히려 높은 수분흡수율을 보였다 3. 종실의 경도는 대소립종 및 종피색간 차이가 없었고, 침종후 24시간에 조사한 자엽손상률은 대립종이 78%를 보인 반면, 소립종은 자엽손상이 전혀 발생되지 않았으며, 흑색종은 황색종에 비하여 자엽 손상률이 낮은 경향을 보였다. 4. 최종 발아율 및 발아속도는 소립종이 높았으며, 무색종은 발아속도는 느렸으나, 최종 발아율은 황색종과 차이가 없었다. 5. 발아기간중 조사한 배축장은 대체적으로 소립종이 큰 경향을 보였고, 자엽에 대한 배축의 생체중 비율도 소립중이 뚜렷히 높았으나, 배축 두께는 대립종이 더 두꺼웠다. 6. 100입중과 종피율, 배의 비율 간은 부의 상관이 인정되었고, 자엽손상률과 정의 상관을 나타내었으며, 침종후 3시간의 수분흡수율과는 부의 상관을 보였으나 수분흡수 평형상태에 도달한 침종후 24시간의 수분흡수율과는 정의 상관을 보였다.

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Elucidation of Cause of Cotyledon Black-Decay of Soybean Sprout by Bean Bug, Riptortus clavatus

  • Lee, Jung-Han;Han, Ki-Soo;Kim, Dong-Kil;Kang, Jin-Ho;Kim, Hee-Kyu
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제53권3호
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    • pp.303-307
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    • 2008
  • Cotyledon Black Decay (CBD) on soybean sprout mimics the black spot due to microbial infection. CBD, not visible or predictable at seedlot state, for some reason, shows up exclusively on cotyledon of soybean sprout during sprouting process. Such an incidence rate fluctuated from 0.8 to 19.5% over three years from 2004. We suspected some pod-infecting anthracnose fungi and/or pod-blight pathogen, or pod-sucking bean bug, one of the major pests of soybean, might have involved, of which we ruled out fungal pathogen because it was preventable through heat treatment, a proven method for seedlot disinfestation. The healthy seeds artificially fed by bean bug for one to seven days were sprouted, and 6 to 41% of the soybean sprout revealed the CBD mimic to those occurred in soybean sprout from previous commercial seedlot screening experiments. This finding is the first report to confirm that bean bug damage to pod at $R_8$ stage is directly responsible for the CBD, which did not concur with any other deleterious effects on sprouting such as reduction in hypocotyls elongation and rooting except unsightly sprout quality. However, earlier feeding either at green pod or greenish yellow pod stage ($R_6$ -early $R_7$ stage) resulted in rather severe damages, which strikingly reduced hypocotyls growth to about one forth to about two third, as well as the reduction in rates of seed germination.

녹색자엽 검정콩 품종 육성을 위한 Stay green 변이체 활용 (Introduction of Stay Green Mutant for the Development of Black Seed Coat and Green Cotyledon Soybean Variety)

  • 강성택;서민정;문중경;윤홍태;이영호;김시주;황영선;이석기;정명근
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제55권3호
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 2010
  • 고품질 녹색자엽 검정콩 신품종 육성 연구의 일환으로 녹색자엽의 유전자원별 녹색의 정도를 평가할 수 있는 엽록소 함량 및 조성과 이들의 유전양상을 검토하고, 유전적 배경을 달리한 녹색자엽 자원을 활용한 녹색자엽 검정콩의 선발 효율을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 유전적 배경이 상이한 녹색자엽 자원을 검정콩 육종프로그램에 도입코자 실시한 특성조사 결과 핵유전 녹색자엽 유전자 d1d2를 보유한 자원은 세포질 유전 녹색자엽 유전자 cytG를 보유한 자원보다 총 엽록소의 함량이 매우 높은 경향이었고, 조성에서는 d1d2 보유 자원은 엽록소 a의 함량이 엽록소 b보다 2배 이상 높고, cytG 보유 유전자원은 엽록소 b의 함량이 엽록소 a 함량 보다 높은 경향이었다. 2. 핵유전 녹색자엽 유전자(d1d2)는 당대의 종실에서 발현되어 $F_1$ 세대의 $F_2$ 종실에서부터 선발이 가능하며, 2개의 열성유전자에 지배를 받는다. 3. 녹색 종피의 핵유전 녹색자엽(d1d2)과 황색자엽 검정콩(D1D2)의 교배후대에서 검정색 종피에 녹색자엽 종자를 가진 개체는 모본의 유전적 배경에 따라 조금은 다르지만 $F_2$ 전체 개체 중 3% 미만의 낮은 비율로 나타나, 향후 핵유전 녹색자엽 검정콩 신품종 육성효율 증진을 위해서는 핵유전 녹색자엽 검정콩 중간모본 개발과 선발방법 개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris에 의한 브로콜리의 검은썩음병 (Black Rot of Broccoli Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris)

  • 이승돈;이정희;김선이;김용기;이용훈;허성기;나동수
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.134-138
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    • 2006
  • 2003년부터 2004년 평창 지역의 브로콜리 포장에서 새로운 병해가 발견되었다. 유묘 감염이 되었을 때 떡잎의 주위로부터 검게 변색되기 시작하여 결국 떡잎이 떨어지고 유묘는 죽었다. 성체에서는 잎 가장자리로부터 엽맥을 타고 진전되어 V 자 또는 U 자형의 노란색 병반을 형성하였다. YDC 배지에서 병원세균을 순수 분리하였을 때 Xanthomonas 속 세균의 전형적인 특정인 노란색 색소를 띤 세균이 형성되었다. 분리된 세균을 $10^8 cfu/ml$로 현탁 한후 3 주 동안 자란 브로콜리, 양배추, 배추, 케일, 무에 가위 접종하여 병원성을 확인하였다. 지방산 조성 및 함량, 다양한 탄소원 이용정도 및 16S rDNA 염기서열를 이용하여 분리세균 SL4797 과 SL4800 을 대조균주 X. campestris pv. campestris NCPPB528 과 비교하였을 때 매우 유사하였다. 이 논문은 국내에서 브로콜리의 검은썩음병 최초 보고이다.

참외 (Cucumis melo L.)자엽절편으로부터 식물체 재분화에 미치는 생장조절물질의 영향 (Effects of Growth Regulators on Plant Regeneration from the Cotyledon Explant in Oriental Melon (Cucumis melo L.))

  • 문정길;추병길;두홍수;권태호;양문식;류점호
    • 식물조직배양학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2000
  • 참외 (Cucumis melo L.)의 자엽 절편체로부터 캘러스 형성, 발근 및 신초의 형성에 효과적인 생장조절물질의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 cytokinin류의 BA, kinetin및 zeatin의 농도를 각각 0.5, 1.0 1.5 2.0 mg/L그리고 auxin류의 IAA와 NAA 0.1 mg/L를 공시하여 참외의 재분화 효율성을 증가시키고자 하였다. 캘러스 분화는 BA 2.0 mg/L와 NAA 0.1 mg/L를 혼용 처리한 MS배지에서 절편체 당 2,437.0mg으로써 가장 효율이 높았으나, 대부분이 황백색의 연약하고 부스러지기 쉬운 non-embryogenic callus였다. 발근은 kinetin 0.5 mg/L와 NAA 0.1 mg/L를 혼용 처리한 배지에서 97.9%로 가장 효율이 좋은 결과를 보였으나 신초가 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 신초의 형성은 BA 0.5 mg/L와 IAA 0.1 mg/L를 혼용한 배지에서 98.0%로써 가장 높았는데, 자엽절편체 내 엽맥의 절단부위에서 주로 유도되었으며, 이들은 대부분 multiple shoot를 형성하였다. 한편 BA의 함량을 동일하게 하고 auxin류의 IAA와 NAA의 함량을 저 농도로 처리한 결과 신초의 발생율이 향상되지 않았다. BA 0.5 mg/L와 IAA 0.1 mg/L를 혼용 처리한 배지에 자엽 절편체를 치상한 결과. 캘러스는 1주일만에 유도되었으며, 신초는 3주만에 형성되기 시작하였다. 2주 간격으로 2회의 계대배양을 실시한 후 MS 기본배지에서 발근시켜 배양 10주만에 완전한 소식물체를 획득하였다.

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Comparison of Soyasapogenol A, B Concentrations in Soybean Seeds and Sprouts

  • Kang, Eun-Young;Kim, Seung-Hyun;Kim, Sun-Lim;Seo, Su-Hyun;Kim, Eun-Hye;Song, Hong-Keun;Ahn, Joung-Kuk;Chung, Ill-Min
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제55권2호
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    • pp.165-176
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    • 2010
  • Soybean seeds contain many biologically active secondary metabolites, such as proteins, saponins, isoflavones, phytic acids, trypsin inhibitors and phytosterols. Among them, saponins in soybeans have attracted considerable interest because of their health benefits. Soyasaponin A and B are the most abundant types of saponins found in soybeans along with soyasapogenol (aglycone), which is a precursor of soyasaponin. The main purpose of this experiment was to determine the concentration of soyasapogenol in soybean seeds and sprouts as a function of seed size, usage, seed coat color and seed cotyledon color. The 79 Korean soybean varieties were cultivated at Yesan of Chungnam in 2006 for the analysis of soyasapogenol using HPLC with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD). The total average concentration of soyasapogenol was $1313.52{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ in soybean seeds and $1377.22{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ in soybean sprouts. Soybean sprouts were about 5% higher than soybean seeds in average total soyasapogenol concentration. In the process of sprouting, the average soyasapogenol A content decreased by approximately 1.6%, but soyasapogenol B and total soyasapogenol increased by 8.31% and 4.88%, based on the content of soybean seeds. When classified according to the size of seeds, the total soyasapogenol concentration of soybean seeds were not significantly different (p<0.05) On average, small soybean seeds were increased by as much as $103.14{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ in sprouting process. As a function of the use of the seeds, The total soyasapogenol in soybean seeds were significantly different (p<0.05). While, the soybean sprouts were not significant different (p<0.05). Altogether, sprout soybean seeds show the greatest change in content during the germination process. When seeds with different coat colors were compared, the total soyasapogenol concentration of soybean with yellow seed coats ($1357.30\mu g\;g^{1}$) was slightly higher than that of soybean with black ($1260.30{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) or brown ($1263.62{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) seed coats. For the color of the cotyledon, the total soyasapogenol concentration was significantly increased in green cotyledon during the germination and seedling process. The results of this study suggest the functional characteristics of soybeans through quantitative analysis of soyasapogenol. In addition, the concentration of soyasapogenol exhibited a change during the germination process, which was evaluated by the nutritional value of the soybean sprouts.

Comparison of agronomic characteristics of colored soybean landraces and selection of useful genetic resources

  • Choi, Yu Mi;Hyun, Do-Yoon;Lee, Sukyeung;Yoon, Hyemyeong;Lee, Myung-Chul;Oh, Sejong;Ko, Ho-Cheol;Rho, Nayoung;Hur, On-Sook
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.41-41
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    • 2019
  • This study was conducted to compare the agronomic traits of well-known colored native soybean germplasms. Recently, we are increasingly interested in colored as various functional ingredient of soybeans have revealed. We used a total of 396 soybean genetic resources, consisting of ten "Seonbijabikong", 110 "Jyinunikong", 276 "Seoritaekong". We sowed on 10th June 2018 at the field of Nongsaensmyeongro in Jeonju city. The average number of days to flowering, days to maturing and days to growth of colored soybean were 53, 84 and 136 days, respectively. Days to flowering of "Seonbijabikong" were ranged from 41 to 50 days with an average 48 days, those of "Jyinunikong" were ranged from 39 to 72 days with an average 52 days. Days to flowering of "Seoritaekong" were ranged from 35 to 63 days with an average 54 days, which were earlier in "Seonbijabikong", and similar with "Seoritaekong" and "Jyinunikong". Days to growth of "Seonbijabikong" were ranged from 125 to 137 days with an average 132 days, those of "Jyinunikong" were ranged from 91 to 144 days with an average 130 days and those of "Seoritaekong" were ranged from 99 to 150 days with an average 139 days. they were shortest in "Jyinunikong" and longest in "Seoritaekong". The distribution of maturity period was from 6th September to 5th November. The maturity period was as early as September and yields were more than 100g per plant, which were all three accessions(IT161905, IT162602, IT269617), "Seoritaekong". They would be useful as breeding materials of colored soybean with early maturity. The 100-seed weight is important characteristics that distinguish the usage of soybeans. "Seoritaekong" and "Seonbijabikong" have large seed characteristics for cooking with rice, "Jyinunikong" has small seed it for medicine. The average 100 seed weight was 35.0g of "Seonbijabikong", 30.8g of "Seoritaekong" and 13.4g of "Jyinunikong", respectively. As for seed coat lust, the ratio of dull was as high as 100% of "Seonbijabikong" and 91% of "Seoritaekong", that of shiny was as high as 77% of "Jyinunikong". Cotyledon color of "Seonbijabikong" were all yellow, that of "Seoritaekong" were 94% of green. The other name of "Seoritaekong" is "Sokcheong", which means that cotyledon color is green. Therefore if cotyledon color of Seoritaekong is not green, it might be misidentified. In the future, we will increase the utilization through evaluation of functional component such as isoflavones and anthocyanins of colored soybean landraces.

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Variation of Anthocyanin and Protein Contents in Glycine max L. (Merr) (Soybean) Germplasms from Korea

  • Choi, Yu Mi;Lee, Sukyeung;Hyun, Do-Yoon;Ko, Ho-Cheol;Rho, Nayoung;Hur, On-Sook;Yoon, Hyemyeong;Lee, Myung-Chul;Oh, Sejong;Shin, Myoung-Jae;DESTA, Kebede Taye
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.13-13
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    • 2019
  • Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr) is commonly consumed and found in major foods including soymilk, soy sauce, tofu, and soy sprout in Korea and east Asia. In addition, it is common to cook the whole seeds with rice. Soybean is known to have ranges of health benefits including antiaging, anticancer, neuroprotective and antidiabetic taken either as supplement or dietary food. Anthocyanins and flavonoids in G. max are found to be the main contributors to such wide arrays of health benefits. Due to increasing economic values of soybean, development of specialty soybean cultivars is becoming an area of interest worldwide. In this study, 746 black soybean accessions from National Agrobiodiversity Center were characterized as part of an attempt to identify important germplasms of G. max. Seed coats of each accession were analyzed for their total anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-Glucoside (C-3-O-G), delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (D-3-O-G), petunidin-3-O-glucoside (Pt-3-O-G), and their whole seeds for crude protein contents. HPLC was used to determine and quantify the anthocyanin compositions while crude protein was determined using Kjeldahl method by Kjeltec auto-analyzer (Kjeltec 8400, Foss, Sweden). Accessions were grouped according to their anthocyanins and protein contents; the mean content of which were correlated to agronomic traits including maturity date, one hundred seed weight, cotyledon color and seed lust color. The results indicated that the total anthocyanin content (TAC) ranged from 273.77 to 6250.52 mg/100 g, with mean value of 1853.03 mg/100 g while the crude protein content (CPC) being between 33.43 and 47.51%, with mean value of 40.81%. The highest number of accessions (45.97%) showed TAC between 1000~1900 mg/100 g while 30.96% of accessions showed CPC between 41~43%. Among the 746 accessions considered, 11 (IT142935, 175818, 175855, 177191, 177209, 177211, 177214, 177216, 177218, 177220, 177274) of them showed TAC above 4000 mg/100 g. C-3-O-G was found to be the major contributor to TAC showing strong correlation. Accessions with green cotyledon color showed high mean TAC compared to those having yellow cotyledon color, and accessions with dull seed lust color showed high mean TAC than those having shiny seed lust color. One hundred seeds weight and maturity date showed positive correlation with all anthocyanin contents, except for Pt-3-O-G in the latter case. The overall result of the present study could be used as background for developing new black soybean cultivars and breeds with high anthocyanin and protein contents. The result depicted that many of the accessions could be used as potential parental lines.

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