• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.812-818
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effects of live yeast and yeast cell-wall mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation onperformance and nutrient digestibility during early lactation in cows fed a diet based on a mixture of corn silage and alfalfa hay as forage sources. Eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows (average days in milk, 27${\pm}$6) were used in a replicated 4${\times}$4 Latin square design. Diets contained 45% forage and 55% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis and treatments were: i) basal diet without additive (Control), ii) basal diet with 32 g/d of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), iii) basal diet with $1.2{\times}10^{10}$ colony forming units per day (cfu/d) of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM 1-1077; SC), and iv) basal diet with a mixture of MOS (32 g/d) and SC ($1.2{\times}10^{10}$ cfu/d; MOS+SC). Treatments had no effect (p>0.05) on DM intake and yields of milk, 3.5% fat-(FCM) and energy-corrected milk (ECM), and on milk fat percentage, body condition score and blood metabolites. Compared with the Control, only supplementation of SC resulted in numerically higher yields of FCM (41.9 vs. 40.1 kg/d) and ECM (41.8 vs. 40.3 kg/d), and milk fat percentage (3.64 vs. 3.43%). While the MOS diet had no effects on performance compared to the Control, the combination treatment MOS+SC increased milk protein percentage (p<0.05). Also, the MOS supplementation, both alone or in combination with SC, numerically increased milk fat percentage. The SC supplementation increased apparent digestibility of DM and crude protein while the MOS supplementation did not affect digestibility. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ruminal pH were similar across treatments. Overall results indicated that supplementation of MOS produced variable and inconsistent effects on rumen metabolism and performance, whereas SC supplementation improved nutrient digestibility and numerically increased FCM and ECM yields, which could not be enhanced by the combined supplementation of MOS+SC. According to our experimental condition, there was no effect of MOS alone or in combination with SC on dairy cow performance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

Three species of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Humicola grisea and Candida glabrata were assumed as microbial inoculants for fermentation of rice straw silage. Four types of silage innoculated with three yeasts including control (non-treatment) were opened on day 1, 3, 6, 9, 15 and 20 after ensiling, and analyzed for fermentation status (pH, crude protein, microbial counts) and the microbial population attached with silage texture using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The results obtained were summarized as fallow; The pH of silage juice was decreased to 4.3 after 6th day of fermentation in the treatments innoculated with yeast, but was not changed at the ranges of 5.47 to 5.67 in control. Crude protein concentration of silage was increased by 38～41% with yeast inoculation compared to control. From SEM observation, it could be confirmed that crude protein concentration of silage was increased by microbial growth and SCP synthesis. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida glabrata could be used as useful fermenters of rice straw silage.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2011

$\beta$-1,3-glucanase from Pyrococcus furiosus was applied for the saccharification of laminarin, which is a major oligo-saccharide component of brown algae, and the reaction mixture produced from laminarin was utilized as a substrate for alcohol fermentation using yeast. To prepare the recombinant $\beta$-1,3-glucanase, a $\beta$-1,3-glucanase gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Laminarin was degraded to an oligo- and mono-saccharide, such as glucose, after reaction with the purified recombinant $\beta$-1,3-glucanase, and the products after enzymatic treatment were confirmed by TLC and HPLC analysis. Decomposed laminarin after enzyme reaction was only added to the medium as a C-source for yeast alcohol production reaction. 0.3% alcohol production was detected from the cultured broth by gas chromatography after 48 hr of incubation. Further evaluation for optimal conditions of saccharification and alcohol fermentation can be suggested, as well as the possibility of using this enzymatic method to produce ethanol using laminarin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.995-1000
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• 2014

The studies of marine viruses in terms of viral isolation and detection have been limited due to the high mutation rate and genetic diversity of marine viruses. Of the modern methods currently used to detect marine viruses, serological methods based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the most common. They depend largely on the quality of the antibodies and on highly purified suitable antigens. Recently, a new experimental system for using viral capsid protein as an antigen has been developed using the yeast surface display (YSD) technique. In the present study, the capsid protein gene of the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) was expressed and purified via YSD and HA-tagging systems, respectively. Two regions of the RGNNV capsid protein gene, RGNNV1 and RGNNV2, were individually synthesized and subcloned into a yeast expression vector, pCTCON. The expressions of each RGNNV capsid protein in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain EBY100 were indirectly detected by flow cytometry with fluorescently labeled antibodies, while recognizing the C-terminal c-myc tags encoded by the display vector. The expressed RGNNV capsid proteins were isolated from the yeast surface through the cleavage of the disulfide bond between the Aga1 and Aga2 proteins after ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol treatment, and they were directly detected by Western blot using anti-HA antibody. These results indicated that YSD and HA-tagging systems could be applicable to the expressions and purification of recombinant RGNNV capsid proteins.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 2015

There have been several studies on role of hormesis with light stimulation, however, the influence of light on fermentation is still poorly understood. In this study the relationship between LED (light emitting diode) hormesis and ethanol fermentation for Muscat bailey A wine was investigated. Two LEDs, one blue ($453{\pm}4nm$) and one green ($522{\pm}3nm$), were used. Both LED groups showed an inhibited production of lactic acid. The blue LED stimulated the growth of the yeast in early stage of the fermentation. Polyphenolic compounds and their antioxidant abilities were significantly increased by the green LED. These results demonstrate that LED irradiation must bring about hormesis and affect the growth rate of yeast in the early stage of the fermentation, and the contents of phytochemicals during fermentation. These findings indicate the possible application of LED hormesis for the wine fermentation. Further studies are needed to understand how LED irradiation induces hormesis effects during the fermentation process.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2004

Effects of chemical treatment with a citric acid solution or ozonated water on microbiological changes in lettuce and cabbage during storage were studied. Fresh lettuce and cabbage samples were cut into small pieces and treated by soaking in either ozonated water or a citric acid solution. After treatment, populations of total bacteria, yeast and mold, and E. coli were determined. Numbers of microorganisms increased during storage, but ozonated water and citric acid treatments retarded the increase in microbial growth. Among treatments, 1 % citric acid treatment was the most effective in terms of microbiological change and inhibition of polyphenoloxidase (PPO). For lettuce, citric acid treatment decreased the microbial growth overall by 1.5 log CFU/g and inhibited the PPO activity by 80%. These results indicate that chemical-treated lettuce and cabbage retained a better quality than those of the control during storage.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.361-364
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• 2000

To remove nitrogen compound from wastewater six kinds of bacillus were isolated from sludge. Each bacillus was identified as B. subtillis $I{cdot}II$, B. cereus $I{cdot}II$, B. anthracis, B. circulans. The test of effect of nutrient and cofector on the nitrogen removal showed that peptone, yeast extract, magnesium, iron, and calsium accerated the efficiency of nitrogen removal. In syringe test aerobic nitrification and denitrification was occured.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.435-439
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• 1993

For the overproduction of glutathione, Candida sp. mutant was isolated by the treatment with U.V. light. The highest glutathione production of Candida sp. mutant was obtained after shaking culture for 48 hours in the cullture medium containing glucose 1.5%(w/v), yeast extract 4.0% (w/v), KH2PO4 0.04%(w/v), biotin 5 ng/ml, and L-cysteine 0.04%(w/v). The optimal pH and temperature for the glutathione production were pH 6.0 and 25C, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2000

Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of diseases, in ageing of organisms, and in damage to plants that have been exposed to freezing and thawing or water stress. From the perspective of yeast as a model eukaryotic system, this article reviews the systems that are involved in the cellular responses to exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during aerobic growth of the organism. The discussion includes the defense systems involved, the ability of cells to adapt to ROS treatment, cell-division cycle delay and the systems regulating gene expression that are activated by oxidative stress.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.241-253
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• 1992

To observe the diuretic action in mice, the anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin method and the anti-pyretic action by yeast method in rats, the Bittern was administered. Diuretic effort of Bittern was studied by measuring the urine flow, sodium, potassium in urinary excretion. The results in this work were summarized as follows: 1. The Bittern showed significant diuretic action. 2. The Bittern showed significant anti-inflammatory effect. 3. The Bittern showed significant anti-pyretic effect. According to the above results, the Bittern seems to be applicable to the treatment of edema.