• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.735-741
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate if the supplement formula may improve alcohol metabolism in healthy adult men. In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study, subjects were administrated yeast extract mixtures (YEM, n=15), Hovenia dulcis mixtures (HDM, n=15), placebo (PLA, n=15), and control (CON, n=15) in an oral dose followed by one week washout periods. At each visit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 week), subjects drank 450 mL, 20.1 percent alcohol after administered mixtures. Blood was drawn periodically (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 15 hours). Fifteen subjects completed the protocol and were included in the analysis. Plasma ethanol concentration was lower in YEM (10 percent) and the HDM (5 percent) groups. The area under the curves (AUC) and $C_{max}$ for plasma ethanol were significantly decreased only in the YEM group, when compared with the CON group. The AUC and $C_{max}$ for plasma acetaldehyde concentration were significantly decreased in the YEM (45 and 54 percent) and the HDM (35 and 53 percent) groups respectively, when compared with PLA (p<0.01). Together, these findings validate that YEM or HDM improved alcohol metabolism and hangover syndromes, leading to reduce alcohol concentration and acetaldehyde concentration without adverse effects.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.76-79
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• 2000

Complex, ill-defined mixtures of natural origin are often used as nutrients in the production of biological products through microbial fermentation. Product yields are affected by variation in these natural products. Yeast extract is a typical example of these natural products. Since it is a mixture of amino acids, peptides and nucleic acids, its composition is not well characterized. In this study, we investigated the properties of thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin and pyridoxine hydrochlride in yeast extract by using a gel filtration chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Yeast extract solution was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography, and then, each fraction was analyzed by using a high performance liquid chromatography.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation of various ratios and storage periods of liquid brewer's yeast (LBY) mixed with cassava pulp (CVP). Methods: Four mixtures of fresh LBY and CVP were made (LBY0, LBY10, LBY20, and LBY30 for LBY:CVP at 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, and 30:70, respectively) on a fresh matter basis, in 500 g in plastic bags and stored at 30 to $32^{\circ}C$. After storage, the bags were opened weekly from weeks 0 to 4. Fermentation quality and in vitro gas production (IVGP) were determined, as well as the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin contents. Results: The contents of CP and EE increased, whereas all other components decreased, in proportion to LBY inclusion (p<0.01). The DM and OM contents gradually decreased in weeks 3 and 4 (p<0.05), while EE contents were lowest in week 0. The pH, ammonia nitrogen per total nitrogen ($NH_3-N/TN$) and V-score in each mixture and storage period demonstrated superior fermentation quality ($pH{\leq}4.2$, $NH_3-N/TN{\leq}12.5%$, and V-score>90%). The pH increased and $NH_3-N/TN$ decreased, with proportionate increases of LBY, whereas the pH decreased and $NH_3-N/TN$ increased, as the storage periods were extended (p<0.01). Although IVGP decreased in proportion to the amount of LBY inclusion (p<0.01), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was unaffected by the mixture ratios. The highest IVGP and IVOMD were observed in week 0 (p<0.01). Conclusion: The inclusion of LBY (as high as 30%) into CVP improves the chemical composition of the mixture, thereby increasing the CP content, while decreasing IVGP, without decreasing fermentation quality and IVOMD. In addition, a preservation period of up to four weeks can guarantee superior fermentation quality in all types of mixtures. Therefore, we recommend limiting the use of CVP as a feed ingredient, given its low nutritional value and improving feed quality with the inclusion of LBY.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2016

In this paper, we demonstrate the ability of Arabidopsis thaliana to detect different mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the common indoor fungus, Aspergillus versicolor, and demonstrate the potential usage of the plant as a bioindicator to monitor fungal VOCs in indoor air. We evaluated the volatile production of Aspergillus versicolor strains SRRC 108 (NRRL 3449) and SRRC 2559 (ATCC 32662) grown on nutrient rich fungal medium, and grown under conditions to mimic the substrate encountered in the built environment where fungi would typically grow indoors (moist wallboard and ceiling tiles). Using headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed VOC profiles of the two strains. The most abundant compound produced by both strains on all three media was 1-octen-3-ol. Strain SRRC 2559 made several terpenes not detected from strain SRRC 108. Using a split-plate bioassay, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana in a shared atmosphere with VOCs from the two strains of Aspergillus versicolor grown on yeast extract sucrose medium. The VOCs emitted by SRRC 2559 had an adverse impact on seed germination and plant growth. Chemical standards of individual VOCs from the Aspergillus versicolor mixture (2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, limonene, and ${\beta}-farnesene$), and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ were tested one by one in seed germination and vegetative plant growth assays. The most inhibitory compound to both seed germination and plant growth was 1-octen-3-ol. Our data suggest that Arabidopsis is a useful model for monitoring indoor air quality as it is sensitive to naturally emitted fungal volatile mixtures as well as to chemical standards of individual compounds, and it exhibits relatively quick concentration- and duration-dependent responses.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1989

벼 도열병균(稻熱病菌)(Pyricularia oryzae)을 감자 액체배지(液體培地)에서 $27^{\circ}C$, 48시간(時間) 배양(培養)한 후(後), 균사체(菌絲體)에 Driselase, ${\beta}-Glucuronidase$, Cellulase, Macerozyme R-10의 혼합(混合) 효소(酵素) 액(液)을 처리(處理)한 30분후(後)부터 원형질체(原形質體)가 형성(形成)되었다. Race KJ101이 KI315a보다 더 많은 원형질체(原形質體)가 형성(形成)되었다. 2-Mercaptoethanol을 혼합(混合) 효소액(酵素液) 처리전(處理前), 균사체(菌絲體)에 전처리(前處理) 함으로써 3시간(時間) 후부터 줄어들던 대조구(對照區)보다 원형질체(原形質體) 형성량(形成量)을 증가(增加)시킬 수 있있다. 특히 2-Mercaptoethanol 10mM처리(處理)에서는 효소액(酵素液) 처리(處理) 5시간(時間) 후(後)에 최대(最大)의 원형질체(原形質體) 형성량(形成量)을 보였으나 200-mM 처리구(處理區)에서는 오히려 원형질체(原形質體) 형성(形成)을 억제(抑制)하였다. 균사체(菌絲體)로부터 형성(形成)된 원형질체(原形質體)를 $27^{\circ}C$의 액체배지(液體培地)(2.5% yeast extract, 2% dextrose)에서 진탕 배양(培養)하면 5시간(時間) 후(後)부터 크게 세가지 형태(形態)로 재생(再生), 복귀(復歸)되었다. Yeast와 같은 연쇄(連鎖) 사슬형태(形態)로 되거나, 연쇄(連鎖)사슬의 선단부에서 발아관(發芽管)과 유사(類似)한 균사체(菌絲體)가 형성(形成)되거나, 혹은 처음부터 발아관(發芽管)과 같은 균사(菌絲)가 형성(形成)되었다. 삼투압 안정제(安定劑)를 첨가(添加)한 고체(固體) 배지(培地)에 도열병균(稻熱病菌)의 원형질체(原形質體)를 접종(接種)하여 $27^{\circ}C$에서 5일간 배양(培養)하면 정상적(正常的)인 균사체(菌絲體)로 복귀(復歸)되어 균총(菌叢)을 형성(形成)하였다. 이때 사용(使用)한 Mannitol, Sorbitol, KCI, $MgSO_4$ 등의 삼투압 안정제중(安定劑中)에서 0.6M KCI을 감자한천배지(寒天培地)에 첨가(添加)했을 때 33.4%의 가장 높은 복귀율(復歸率)을 보였으나, 물 한천배지(寒天培地)에서는 삼투압 안정제(安定劑)의 종류(種類)와는 관계(關係)없이 원형질체(原形質體)가 정상적(正常的)인 균사체(菌絲體)로 복귀(復歸)하지 못하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.323-328
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• 1997

The recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysE : pTCGT1 was grown to overproduce Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) able to synthesize ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin (CD) with a selectivity of 67%. A number of batch fermentations were performed to test the possibility of using lactose as an inducer of the E. coli T7 promoter system. A mixture of isopropyl ${\beta}$-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and lactose (1 : 1) gave a maximum CGTase activity of 2.4 U/ml, which was higher than the value obtained with induction by IPTG alone. Fed-batch fermentations involving a glucose-controlled growth period followed by a gene-expression phase with mixtures of IPTG and lactose were employed to achieve high cell density and thereby increase total CGTase activity. Optimized fed-batch fermentation using the modified inducer (IPTG : lactose=1 : 3) and 100 g/l yeast extract solution in the gene-expression phase resulted in a maximum CGTase activity of 62.9 U/ml and a final cell mass of 53.5 g/l, corresponding to a 31-fold increase in CGTase activity and a 29-fold increase in cell mass compared with the control batch fermentation.