• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1969

The conventional triolen absorption test has its defect in that the stool collection was cumbersome, time and energy-wasting. In the present study, the triolen absorption test was carried out using double tracer technique with $^{125}I-triolen\;and\;^{51}Cr_2O_3$ to determine if it can overcome the defect of the conventional method also with satisfactory results. Following were the results: 1. The clinical significance of this double tracer method was essentially the same with that previously done by radioactive. triolen alone. With the fractional fecal samples, the equation, y=0.626x+2.010 was substantiated, hence, this method appears to be clinically valuable if the appropriate correction is applied. With the mixed fecal samples, the equation y=0.642x+1.468 was substantiated (p<0.005) which appears to be also clinically valuable. When these two data were compared, the equation y=0.975x+0.090 (P<0.05) was substantiated, hence, $x{\fallingdotseq}y$. 2. The normal ranges of the fecal triolen excretion rate in this double tracer method were $3.46{\pm}1.69%$, namely, less than 6.9%. 3. The samplings were done from the first to third defecation in cases of clinically normal, and from the first to second defecation in cases of diarrhea or malabsorption. 4. The intestinal malabsorption of triolen was not observed in whom the triolen absorption was supposed to be clinically normal, however. a good number of suspicious malabsorptive cases showed the normal values.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 2009

In this paper, we obtain the general solution and the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for a following functional equation $$\sum\limits_{i=1}^mf(x_i+\frac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{{i=1\atop j{\neq}i}\.}^mx_j)+f(\frac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{i=1}^mx_i)=2f(\sum\limits_{i=1}^mx_i)$$ for a fixed positive integer m with $m\;{\geq}\;2$. This is applied to investigate derivations and their stability on proper Lie $CQ^*$-algebras. The concept of Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability originated from the Th. M. Rassias stability theorem that appeared in his paper: On the stability of the linear mapping in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 72(1978), 297-300.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1985

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for epdemiological survey of hypertension in old population (60 years or more). From May, 1983 to April, 1984, 365 males and 335 females who inhabit in Ko-Chang Gun, Chonbuk Province were investigated for several factors as their socio-econmic status and laboratory examinations with blood pressure, and which factors were analysed by simple correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows; 1) Sample size of this study is equivalent to 5.2%(male;6.7%, female;4.3%) of population in 60 years or more age group, and the mean age of samples is 70.6${\pm}$5.3 (yr.) in males and 71.4${\pm}$5.3 (yr.) in female (P>0.05). 2) Mean blood pressure of males are 135.9${\pm}$21.3mm Hg in systolic and 85.3${\pm}$13.4mm Hg in diastolic phase and in female, 131.0${\pm}$23.6 mm Hg and 84.1${\pm}$19.9 mm Hg (P < 0.01). Their prevalence rates of hypertension (${\geq}$ 140 mm Hg in systolic, ${\geq}$ 95 mm Hg in diastolic phases) are 33.7% in males, 40.6% in females (P < 0.01). 3) Serum cholesterol levels and other independent variables are revealed in normal ranges, and except to Vervaeck index (89.4${\pm}$5.6 in males, 87.5${\pm}$6.7 in females, p<0.01), other are not significant sexual differences (P>0.05). 4) In the simple correlation analysis, the main factors that affect to blood pressure are serum cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) and Vervaeck index (P < 0.01) in males, age (P <0.05) and Vervaeck index (P <0.01) in females. 5) In multiple regression analysis, prediction equations for blood pressure are calculated as follows; Ysm=-64.55+0.161(X1)+0.124(X2)-0.047(X3)+1.953(X4) Ydm=18.61-0.125(X1)+0.060(X2)+0.032(X3)+0.720(X4) Ysf=-0.22+0.536(X1)+0.134(X2)+0.068(X3+0.788(X4) Yaf=-14.46+0.685(X1)+0.033(X2)+0.176(X3)+0.362(X4) Ysm : Systolic blood pressure in male, Ydm : Diastolic blood pressure in male, Ysf : Systolic blood pressure in female, Ydf : Diastolic blood pressure in female. X1 : Age(year), X2 : Serum cholesterol level (mg%), X3 : Fastin blood sugar (mg% ), X4 : Vervaeck index.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.717-723
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• 2006

Lead free $(Na_{0.5}K_{0.47}Cd_x)NbO_3$ ceramics (x=0.015-0.005) were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide route. The effects of CdO addition on the sintering, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the samples were examined. The addition of CdO greatly enhanced the sinterability of ceramics and the sample has a lower dielectric loss. The $k_p\;and\;Q_m$ of the samples with 0.02 mol CdO addition are 0.35 and 125, respectively, The $(Na,K)NbO_3$ ceramics show a large degradation of $k_p$ due to the deliquescence when exposed to humidity, while the $(Na,K,Cd)NbO_3$ ceramics have no a significant degradation of it.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1999

By the PVA-precursor method, polycrystalline powder of $Li_xNi_{1-y}Co_yO_2$, cathode material for lithium battery, was synthesized. Using the powder as the cathode material, lithium ion batteries were fabricated, whose electrochemical properties were measured. The effect of changing synthetic conditions, such as PvA/metal mole ratio, concentration of PVA, degree of polymerization of PVA, pyrolysis condition, and metal stoichiometry, on the battery performance was investigated. Considering the initial performance of the cell, the optimum stoichiometry of the $Li_xNi_{1-y}Co_yO_2$, synthesized by the PVA-precursor method was observed to be x: 1.0 and y=0.26. A minor phase of $Li_2CO_3$, which was generated by the residual carbon in the powder precursor, deteriorated the performance of the cell. In order to eliminate the minor phase, the precursor had to be pyrolyzed under the flow of dry air. Annealing the powder at $500^{\circ}C$ under the flow of dry air also eliminated the minor phase, and the performance of the cell was largely improved by the treatment.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.288-292
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• 2015

New lead-free piezoelectric ceramics $0.96[\{Bi_{0.5}(Na_{0.84}K_{0.16})_{0.5}\}_{1-x}La_x(Ti_{1-y}Nb_y)O_3]-0.04SrTiO_3$ (BNKT-ST-LN, where $x=y=0.00{\leq}(x=y){\leq}0.015)$ were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. Their crystal structure, microstructure, and electrical properties were investigated as a function of the La and Nb (LN) content. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of a single-phase perovskite structure for all the LN-modified BNKT-ST ceramics in this study. The temperature dependence of the dielectric curves showed that the maximum dielectric constant temperature ($T_m$) shifted towards lower temperatures and the curves became more diffuse with an increasing LN content. At the optimum composition (LN 0.005), a maximum value of remnant polarization ($33C/cm^2$) with a relatively low coercive field (22 kV/cm) and high piezoelectric constant (215 pC/N) was observed. These results indicate that the LN co-modified BNKT-ST ceramic system is a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric materials.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the types of violence experienced by small and medium sized hospital nurses. Methods: Data were collected from March 1 to 30, 2017, using self-report questionnaires. Responses from 87 nurses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test. Results: The majority of the respondents experienced violence from patients (60.2%), visitors (25.5%), doctors (12.2%), and other staffs (2.0%). Verbal violence (80.5%) and physical threats (74.7%) were more frequent than physical violence (25.3%). Violence occurred throughout the hospital. However, verbal violence ($x^2=20.85$, p=.005) and physical threat ($x^2=20.80$, p=.006) were statistically significant according to the department. Violence occurred most frequently in surgical ward, followed by artificial kidney room, emergency room, and outpatient department. Conclusion: Most nurses are exposed to frequent violence. These results suggest that hospital should improve the respective organizational cultures and develop promotional programs and administrative policies to prevent violence. Also, hospitals should develop of violence intervention policies and education programs and counseling programs for nurses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.331-334
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• 2001

In this study, the magnetic properties for Ni-Zn ferrite were investigated as the function of $Co_3$ $O_4$ additive contents which was predicted to improve the resonance frequency. Toroid specimens with the composition of N $i_{0.8-x}$Z $n_{0.2+x}$F $e_2$ $O_4$(x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) ferrites were preparation by conventional ceramic processing technique. The maximum resonance frequency of 19.905 MHz and the permeability of 90.88 in 10 MHz were attained to the N $i_{0.8}$Z $n_{0.2}$F $e_2$ $O_4$with $Co_3$ $O_4$0.3 wt%. Both of the permeability in 10 MHz and the resonance increased to 107.11 and 19.005 MHz respectively for the N $i_{0.8}$Z $n_{0.2}$F $e_2$ $O_4$with $Co_3$ $O_4$wt% than the N $i_{0.8}$Z $n_{0.2}$F $e_2$ $O_4$/ with the free $Co_3$ $O_4$composition.composition.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2000

Purpose :To investigate whether combined beta-carotene with X-Irradiation has more enhanced radition response than X-irradiation or not, we peformed a experiment about in vitro cytotoxlcity of beta-carotene and/or X-irradiation in the fibrosarcoma cells, tumor growth delay of combined beta-caroten with/or X-irradiation in the mouse fibrosarcoma. Materials and Methods : 2$\%$ emulsion of beta-carotene was serially diluted and used. X-Irradiation was given by 6 MeV linear accelerator. The cytotoxicity of beta-carotene in vitro was evaluated from clonogenic assay. To compare the cytotoxiclty between combined beta-carotene with X-irradiation and X-irradiation group, 2 mg/ml of beta-carotene was contacted to fibrosarcoma (FSall) cells for 1 hour before X-irradiation. For the tumor growth delay, single 20 Gy was given to FSall tumor hearing C3H/N mice whic was classified as beta-crotene with X-irradiation group (n=5) and X-irradiation alone group (n=5). 0.2 ml of 20 mg/kg of beta-carotene were i.p. injected to mice 30 minute before X-irradiation in the beta-crotene with X-irradiation group. The tumor growth delay defined as the time which reach to 1,000 mm$^{3}$ of tumor volume. Results : (1) Cytotoxicity in vitro: 1) survival fraction at beta-carotene concentration of 0.002,0.02,0.2 and 2 mg/ml were 0.69$\pm$0.07, 0.59$\pm$0.08, 0.08$\pm$0.008 and 0.02$\pm$0.006, respectively. 2) each survival fraction at 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy in the 2 mg/ml of beta-carotene + X-irradiation group were 0.13$\pm$0.05, 0.03$\pm$0.005, 0.01 $\pm$0.002 and 0.009$\pm$0.0008, respectively. But each survival fraction at same irradiation dose in the X-irradiation group were 0.66$\pm$0.05, 0.40$\pm$0.04, 0.11$\pm$0.01 and 0.03$\pm$0.006, respectively(p<0.05). (2) The time which reach to 1,000 mm$^{3}$ of tumor volume of beta-carotene + X-irradiation group and X-irradiation alone group were 18, 19 days, respectively(p>0.05) Conclusion : The contact of beta-caroten to Fsall cells showed mild cytotoxicity which 띤as increased according to concentration. The cytotoxicity of combined beta-carotene with X-irradiation more increased than that of X-irradiation, additionally, And there was significant difference of cytotoxicity between two groups. But there were no significant difference of the growth delay of fibrosarcoma between two groups.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.125-138
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• 2007

Objectives: This retrospective study is to identify related factors of treatment success of patients with tuberculosis at community health centers. Methods: The subjects of this study were 1,417 patients with tuberculosis treated in 28 community health centers. The predictors of tuberculosis treatment success were analyzed in terms of 2 areas, which were characteristics of patients and health centers(TB control program). The characteristics of patients consist of 2 factors, such as demographic & diagnosis and treatment. The present conditions of health centers consist of 3 factors, location of centers, resources, and community activities. Data were analysed using X2- test and logistic regression methods. Results: The significant differences between success group and failure group were sex(p=0.003), age(p=0.013), job(p=0.000), type of patients(p=0.001), past history(p=0.029), BCG injection(p=0.009), sputum culture examination(p=0.017), period of treatment(p=0.000), location of center(p=0.001), population per staff(p=0.015), FTE(p=0.027), education days of staff(p=0.005), BCG injection rate(p=0.001), case detection rate (p=0.003), and health education provision rate(p=0.044). Then these variables were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Significant positive factors of treatment success were occupation(95% CI:1.3-6.1), periods of treatment(95% CI:1.5-2.2), center in large city(95% CI:1.2-16.7), center in middle city(95% CI:2.1-24.3), job education related TB(95% CI:1.02-1.3), and BCG injection rate(95% CI:1.1-303.4). Significant negative factors of treatment success were male(95% CI:0.1-0.5) and treatment after default(95% CI:0.005-0.5). Conclusions: Tuberculosis is still one of serious diseases in Korea, because it causes highest mortality rate among OECD countries. This study may provide information to improve treatment effectiveness of tuberculosis at community health centers.