• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1997

The Abies koreana Wilson has been unique species of Korea and has not been clearly investigated about lignans of extractives. This studies have been carried out from the isolation and determination of lignans from alcoholic extractives in its xylem. Six lignans were isolated and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. They were two new compounds, (+)-koreslactol and (-)koreanol and four known compounds, lariciresinol p-coumarate, (+)-todolactol C, (-)-${\alpha}$-intermedianol, and (+)-pinoresinol.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 1980

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 떫은감 8품종(品種)과 단감 5품종(品種)에 대하여 1977~1978년(年) 겨울동안에 내한성(耐寒性)이 가장 약(弱)한 부위(部位), 동해(凍害)를 가장 많이 받는 시기(時期), 또한 단감과 떫은감 품종간(品種間)의 내한성(耐寒性)의 차이(差異)를 알고자 감나무 당년지(当年枝)의 동아(冬芽), 형성층(形成層), 재부유조직(材部柔組織), 부위별(部位別)로 77년(年)10월(月)26일(日), 78년(年) 1월(月)26일(日)과 3월(月)26일(日)에 시기별(時期別)로 내한성도(耐寒性度)가 측정(測定)되었다. 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 한겨울과 초봄에 가장 내한성(耐寒性)이 약(弱)한 부위(部位)는 동아(冬芽)였다. 2. 동아(冬芽)의 내한성(耐寒性)을 기준(基準)으로 단감 품종(品種)들은 떫은감 품종(品種)들보다 내한성(耐寒性)이 낮았다. 형성층(形成層)이나 재부유조직(材部柔組織)의 내한성(耐寒性)에 있어서는 위 두 품종(品種)들 사이에 일정(一定)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. 3. 동아(冬芽)가 가장 피해(被害)을 받기 쉬운 시기(時期)는 만상(晩霜) 일어나는 초봄인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 느티나무의 에탄올 추출액에서 실리카겔 칼럼크로마토그래피법을 이용하여 15개의 탄소로 이루어진 나프탈렌 구조의 세스퀴테르펜인 카달렌 화화물을 단리하였다. 단리한 카달렌 화합물은 HPLC, EI-MS와 $^1H$, $^{13}C-NMR$로 화학 구조를 규명하였다. 느티나무에서 단리한 카달렌 화합물의 분자량은 244 (m/z)으로 측정되었으며, 나프탈렌 구조의 1번 위치에 메틸기($CH_3$), 4번 위치에 isopropyl기가 부착되어 있으며, 7번 위치에 수산기(OH)와 3번 위치에 메톡실기($OCH_3$)가 치환된 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene 구조를 이루고 있었다. 수율은 기건상태 느티나무 중량의 약 0.03% 정도로 나타났다. 카달렌은 느티나무의 잎과 수피에서는 전혀 발견되지 않았고, 목부 부위를 연륜별로 나누어 분석한 결과에 의하면 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene은 변재부위에는 전혀 존재하지 않고 심재부에서만 발견되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2004

병원성 식중독 미생물에 대한 참나무류 6종의 부위 별 항균력을 검색한 결과, 참나무류 부위별 에탄올 추출물의 항균력은 그람양성 세균과 음성 세균에 대해 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었으며, 그람음성균인 E. coli 0157:H7이나 S. typhimurium보다 그람양성균인 B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus균에 대하여 더 강한 항균력을 나타내었다. 반면에, 효모와 곰팡이에 대해서는 항균력을 나타내지 않았다. 수종별 항균 활성은 갈참, 떡갈 신갈나무 에탄올 추출물이 졸참, 상수리, 굴참나무 에탄올 추출물보다 더 강하였으며, 부위별로는 잎이 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타내었고 수피와 목질부는 유사한 항균력을 나타내었다. 6종의 부위별 참나무수종 중에서 갈참나무 잎 에탄올 추출물이 가장 강한 항균력을 나타내었으며, B. cereus ATCC 9634와 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111에서는 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL에서, E. coli O157:H7는 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 생육저해효과를 나타내었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2005

Objectives : In order to distinguish Cnidii Rhizoma and Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (cultivated in Korea and China), their external and internal states were observed via microscopic examination. Methods : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Results : Cnidii Rhizoma, Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (from Korea), and Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (from China) all demonstrated similar patterns as following : 1. external form 1) showing irregular nodular form with $2{\sim}7cm$ diameter. 2) having several trochites in parallel, and nodulose root trace on surface. 3) in addition to yellow-white or yellow-gray intersections, yellow-brown oil sacs were distributed, with cambium resembling a form of annulus. 2. internal form 1) its root and rhizome is composed of 10 layers of cork, with narrow cortical layers. 2) its phloem is wide, and oval light yellow-brown oil sacs are distributed around. The closer to the cambium, the smaller it is. 3) cambium is a form of a wave-like ring or an irregular polygon. 4) xylem and vessel are rare, most of which are arranged in a 'V' format, and sometimes xylem fiber is found. 5) pith is composed of parenchymatous cell, and parenchyma is full of starch grains. Conclusions : In conclusion, C officinale, L. chuanxiong (from Korea), and L. chuanxiong (from China) have rhizomes in a similar form with no special difference. Therefore, it is concluded that C. officinale, L. chuanxiong (from Korea), and L. chuanxiong (from China) are categorized into the same species.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Morphological characteristics of hemp fiber were investigated using a light microscope in order to provide fundamental data for the use of hemp as a papermaking law material. Phloem of hemp is composed of cortical parenchyma cells and bast fiber with thick walls while xylem is composed of vessel, wood fiber and ray parenchyma cells. Also there are solitary pore and radial pore multiple which exist in diffuse porous pattern. Ray cells consist of uniseriate rays and thin walled ray parenchyma cells. Wood fibers are composed of three types: a large diameter fiber with longer length; a large diameter fiber with shorter length; a small diameter fiber with medium length. Vessel elements are composed of: a medium length one; a longer length one; the one whose both end walls have ligules or tails. Parenchyma cells in xylem and pit parenchyma cells have completely different size and shape. For bast fiber, the average length is about 4.4 mm and the width is about $30.5\;{\mu}m$; for vessel element, $600.0\;{\mu}m$ in length and $493.6\;{\mu}m$ in width; for wood fiber, $1000\;{\mu}m$ and $38.9\;{\mu}m$; for parenchyma cell, $50\;{\mu}m$ and $26.4\;{\mu}m$.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2015

Objectives : The root ofCyanchum wifordii(CW) had been used as herbal medicine, 'Baeksuo', in Korea. However, the root ofCynanchum auriculatum(CA) had also been mis-used as 'Baeksuo' in herbal markets, due to its morphological similarity with CW. This study aimed to compare discriminative features and establish the identification-keys between two herbal medicines using microscopic methods.Methods : Microscopic preparations including fixation, rapid dehydration, paraffin infiltration, paraffin embedding, sectioning, mounting, and staining, were performed and the microscopic features between CW and CA samples were compared.Results : The starch grain of parenchymal cells, the amounts of calcium oxalate crystals, cell sizes, and the shape of phloem were not different between CW and CA samples. However, the clusters of stone cells which were conglomerated at outer cortex were apparently observed in CA sample (4~8 layers of stone cells), but not in CW sample (2~4 layers of stone cells, or not). Xylem of CW consisted of several vessels and fiber bundles which were formed as linear shapes and discontinuous radial lines, while that of CA, in which radial lines was not observed, were shaped as a wedge and scattered near cambium with comparatively few fiber bundles enclosed vessels. Especially, in the xylem of CA, fiber bundles located towards cambium were relatively more developed than those located outward cambium.Conclusions : The identification-keys established in this study would be helpful to discriminate microscopic features between CW and CA.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

Maple tree is a useful medical plant for obtaining bioactive materials such as pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food additive, etc., and there are 16 species of native maple trees in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of sap and crude extracts of Acer mono Max, a representative maple species. The crude extracts were obtained by solvent extraction (water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) from its branches (bark and xylem). The phenolic contents and radical scavenging capacities of the extracts and the sap were evaluated in terms of half maximal effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) and kinetics by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethanol extracts showed the highest extraction yield, phenolic contents and antioxidant activity, and bark extracts showed better antioxidant activity than xylem extracts. The antioxidant activity of the sap was very low, but the $EC_{50}$ of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts ranged from 68 to $79{\mu}g/mL$, similar to that ($60{\mu}g/mL$) of the control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The DPPH radical scavenging rate ($220{\sim}760{\mu}M/min$) and the second-order reaction rate constant ($6.48{\sim}7.04L/g{\cdot}min$) of these extracts were better than those of BHT ($55{\sim}370{\mu}M/min$ and $3.60L/g{\cdot}min$). These results suggest that A. mono Max. is one of the useful bioresources for obtaining antioxidant biologically active substances, and it is possible to obtain physiologically active substances from by-product of its pruning while minimizing the effect on the growth of the tree.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2016

The pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola, is a very small sap-feeding insect of many commercial pear varieties that could be considered the most serious insect pest of pear. Detailed information on plant penetration activities of the pear psylla is essential to study its feeding behavior used to evaluate resistant traits to chemical control. The application of the electrical penetration graph technique (EPG) could provide a relevant insight into the nature of this resistance. EPG waveforms of C. pyricola were characterized on the basis of amplitude, frequency, voltage level, and electrical origin. Feeding behaviors of C. pyricola were recorded and analyzed by EPG analysis. During EPG monitoring, waveform PA occurred at the start of stylet penetration of pear leaf epidermal cell. Waveform PB followed, in which stylet secreted saliva was observed. Waveforms PC1 and PC2 involved penetrating and sucking behaviors in parenchyma cells and vascular parenchyma, respectively. In addition, waveform PC1 represented salivation into bundle sheath cells and ingestion from parenchyma. Otherwise, behaviors of salivation into phloem and ingestion from phloem produced waveforms PE1 and PE2, respectively. On the other hand, ingestion from xylem tissues showed waveform PG. Among the feeding patterns of C. pyricola described above, phloem feeding patterns occurred most frequently, followed by xylem feeding and parenchyma penetration patterns in descending order.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

한국산 아욱목 식물 4과, 5속 10종의 목부 해부학적 형질을 비교 관찰하여 과 및 속간의 목부의 특수화 정도를 검토하였다. 담팔수과 담팔수속의 목부는 산공재로서 각상 도관이 주로 방사배열(2-14 세포폭)이고 이관 및 반관유조직이 드물게 나타난다. 산공재로서 단독분포도관과 유조직이 계단상 1열대를 보이는 피나무과 식물 중 피나무속은 도관이 각상이고, 방사조직이 절화와 타일세포가 존재하며 장구밥나무속은 원형도관을 보인다. 아욱과 무궁화속은 환공재로 도관은 원형 단독분포이며 유조직이 2열로 나타난다. 그리고 벽오동과 벽오동속은 환공재로 원형 단독분포이며, 반관연합익상 및 이관 다열 유조직이 나타난다. 그리고 유조직에는 전분과립이 많이 나타난다. 도관요소의 배열, 모양, 길이, 직경 및 청공판 각도와 주축유조직의 분포 등의 특징에 의한 이들 과간의 계통순서는 담팔수과(담팔수속) 피나무과(피나무속 장구밥나무속) 아욱과(무궁화속) 벽오동과(벽오동속) 순으로 사료된다.