• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.533-538
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• 1993

아밀로즈는 ${\alpha}-1,4$ 결합으로 이루어진 포도당의 중합체로 곡류에서의 식품학적 기능성을 결정하는 가중 중요한 전분의 구성성분으로, 이의 함량은 단일 우성유전인자인 Wx 유전인자에 의하여 결정된다고 알려지고 있다. 지금까지 Wx 단백질이라고 알려지는 전분 합성 효소(starch-bound starch synthase)는 아밀로즈의 생합성에 관련된 효소로 아밀로즈의 함량을 조절하는 단백질로 알려져 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 아밀로즈의 생합성 기작 연구의 한단계로 Wx 단백질인 아밀로즈 합성 효소를 동정하고 분리하였다. 아밀로즈의 함량이 매우 다양한 변이품종들로부터 전분 결합 단백질을 추출하고 이를 전기영동 분석을 통하여 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 전분과 결합하여 존재하는 66 kDa의 단백질이 전분 중 아밀로즈의 함량과 매우 높은 연관관계를 전기영동상에서 보여주고 있어, 이를 Wx 단백질로 동정하였다. 아울러 이 단백질을 전분으로부터 분리하고, gel filtration 과정을 통하여 순수 분리하는 정제 방법을 확립하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 1997

베트남으로부터 수집된 총 437 벼 지역종을 사용하여 총 종자 단백질을 분석하기 위하여 SDS-PAGE와 phenol 반응을 수행하였다. 세 가지 다른 형태의 glutelin a subunit이 검출되었다. 60kDa의 분자량인 wx 단백질 수준은 세 그룹으로 분리되었는데, 이는 non-glutelin, intermediate, 그리고 glutelin 전분 유형이다 종자 저장 단백질과 wx 단백질의 변이에 의한 실험결과 지역종은 7그룹으로 구분된다. Glutelin a subunit의 A와 B형의 빈도분포는 벼 지역종이 수집된 위도에 따라서 변하였다. 페놀 반응에 대한 지리학적인 구배가 검출되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1998

Granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), also known as the '"waxy protein'", is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in the amyloplasts of cereal crops. In hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), GBSS is involved in amylose synthesis and rolls as an important factor to determine flour quality and end-use quality in food products. Genes on three Wx loci have been found to encode GBSS in common wheats. We developed techniques for the purification and separation of GBSS in wheat. Three major GBSS isoforms, which were encoded by the genes on three loci, Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 migrating differently by one dimensional SDS-po-lyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE), were identified. GBSS from 66 Korean hard and soft winter wheats were purified and determined for their Wx loci and four of them were identified possessing a null allele either at the Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 loci. With help of identification of three GBSS isoforms using 1D SDS-PAGE system, we are able to identify and monitor Wx gene expressions in breeding materials for developing waxy or partial waxy wheats without experiencing consecutive selecting generations.cting generations.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.203-203
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• 2022

A new winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar "Hwanggeumal" was developed by the NICS(National Institute of Crop Science), RDA(Rular Dvelopment Administraion) in 2019. It was derived from a cross of the "Jokyoung//Kauz/Rayon" and "Jopoom" in 2008. It had advanced generation through bulk and pedigree method for seven years and designated line name "Jeonju398" after AYT(Advance Yield Trial) test for two years. And "Hwangeumal" was designated variety name after RYT(Regional Yield Trial) test in eight locations around Korea for two years from 2018 to 2019. Its heading date was April 19 and maturity date was May 31, which were similar to Jokyoung. "Hwanggeumal" had shorter plant height(75 cm) and spike length(7.1 cm), spikes per m²(699) and lower 1,000 grain weight(44.2 g) than "Jokyoung"(78 cm, 8.2 cm, 776, 46.6 g, respectively). "Hwanggeumal" was showed weak to winter hardiness and susceptible to powdery mildew but tolerance to PHS(Pre-harvest sprouting). The average grain yield in the AYT was 6.2 ton/ha, which were 10% more than "Jokyoung" And in the RYT was 5.1 ton/ha in upland and 4.4 ton/ha in paddy field, which were lower than "Jokyoung", respectively. "Hwanggeumal"s flour yield (71.4%) and flour lightness (91.82) showed similar to "Jokyung" and higher protein content (14.0%) and gluten content (10.3%) and SDS-sedimentation volume (60.3ml). These result showed that the "Hwanggeumal" dough strength of flour is strong than "Jokyung". "Hwanggeumal"s HMW-GS(High molecular weight gluten subunits) composition are Glu-D1 (5+10), Granule-bound starch synthase(GBSS) composition are Wx-A1 (a), Wx-B1 (b), Wx-D1 (a) and composition of Puroindolines are Pina-D1(a), Pinb-D1(b).

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2008

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide. We report here a proteomic approach to investigate the impact of post-fertilization drought on grain quality in rice seed endosperm (Oryza sativa cv. IR-64). Plants were stressed for 4 days at 3 days before heading. Total proteins of endosperm were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Not many protein spots showed differential accumulation in drought-stressed samples. More than 400 protein spots were reproducibly detected, including three that were up-regulated and five down-regulated. Mass spectrometry analysis and database searching helped us to identify six spots representing different proteins. Functionally, the identified proteins were related to protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, such as Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS, Wx protein), which is thought to play a very important role in starch biosynthesis and quality, a very crucial factor in determining rice grain quality.

• 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 추계학술연구발표회
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• pp.25-25
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• 2002

CodWX, encoded by the cod operon in Bacillus subtilis, is a member of the ATP-dependent protease complex family, and is homologous to the eukaryotic 26S proteasome. It consists of two multimeric complexes: two hexameric ATPase caps of CodX and a protease chamber consisting of CodW dodecamer. Prior structural studies have shown that the N-terminal threonine residue is solely functional as a proteolytic nucleophile in ATP-dependent proteases such as HslV and certain β-type subunits of 20S proteasome, which have a primary sequence similarity of -50% and -20% with CodW respectively. Here we present a 3.0 Å resolution crystal structure of CodW, which is the first N-terminal serine protease among the known proteolytic enzymes. In spite of the same fold and the conserved contacts between subunits with HslV in E. coli and H. influenza, this structure shows the five additional residues extending from conserved Thr1 among the other ATP-dependent pretense and extraordinary basic proteolytic chamber.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2001

Flour physicochemical properties of six Korean waxy wheat lines and their parental plants, including Kanto 107 and BaiHuo, which have partially null in GBSS (granule bound starch synthase), were evaluated in this study. The very low amylose content (3.20%) of Korean waxy wheat lines, which had been influenced by the null in all three GBSS isoforms encoded by three Wx loci, could result in the higher starch swelling power (25.15%), lower starch and flour pasting temperature (61.37$^{\circ}C$; 65.85$^{\circ}C$), and higher starch pasting peak viscosity and breakdown (246.60 RVU; 161.50 RVU) than those of their parental plants. In addition to high swelling and pasting properties, Korean waxy wheat lines had the higher protein content (12.80%), alkaline water retention capacity (97.39%), SDS sedimentation volume (80.33 $m\ell$) and damaged starch content (4.35 %) than those of their parental plants.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2009

국립식량과학원에서 내재해성이 강한 국수용 밀 품종 육성을 목적으로 1996년도에 Shann7859/금강밀을 모본으로 하고 Guamuehill을 부본으로 인공교배하여 YW2970 조합을 육성하였다. 집단재배 후 계통을 전개하여 초형, 수형이 양호하고 내한성이 강한 계통인 YW2970-B-8-2-1-1-1-1을 2004~2005년도 2년간 생산력검정을 거쳐 "익산314호"로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2006년부터 3개년 동안 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 제면 특성이 우수하고 내한성이면서 도복에 강하고 농업형질이 우수하여 2008년 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정심의회에서 "한백밀"로 명명하고 전국의 전작 및 답리작 지역의 농가에 보급하게 되었다. 그 특성을 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 한백밀의 출수기와 성숙기는 각각 4월 28일과 6월 8일로 금강밀과 비슷하고, 간장과 수장은 각각 89 cm와 9.0 cm로 금강밀보다 약간 길다. 2. 한백밀의 파성은 IV이고, 내한성이 금강밀보다 강하지만, 수발아에 약하고 흰가루병과 붉은곰팡이병은 금강밀과 비슷한 감수성이다. 3. 한백밀의 제분율이 금강밀과 같고 단백질 함량 및 질적 특성이 금강밀과 비슷하여 금강밀 대체용 국수용 밀 품종으로 적합하다. 4. 한백밀의 리터중은 금강밀보다 낮지만 천립중이 높은 대립으로, 지역적응성 시험에서 전작 수량은 5.98 MT/ha, 답리작 수량은 5.05 MT/ha로 금강밀보다 각각 8%와 6% 증수하였다. 5. 한백밀은 중부 산간지를 제외하고는 재배가 가능하지만, 수발아에 약하기 때문에 수확기 관리에 신경을 써야 한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2005

To investigate the application of biochemical markers' and small-sample methods using whole-wheat flours for screening in early generation in Korean wheat breeding system, 74 Korean wheats, including cultivars, local breeding lines and experimental lines, were analyzed. Seed storage protein and amylose contents of grains were evaluated. Biochemical makers, including granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), high molecular weigh glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and friabilin were also evaluated by using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla-mide gel electrophoresis with a single kernel. The small­sample methods, including modified SDS-sedimentation test (MST), micro-alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) and whole-wheat flour swelling volume (WSV) were also tested in this study. Protein content, MST and AWRC was $11.0 - 15.8\%$, 2.7 - 26.2 ml and $71.9 - 109.7\%$, respectively. Apparent and total amylose content and WSV was $20.6 - 25.0\%$, $26.1 - 32.4\%$ and 9.0 - 16.9 ml, respectively. There were highly significant correlations between MST and AWRC (r=0.592, P<0.001), but Korean wheats showed no significant difference in protein content, amylose content and small-sample methods. In the biochemical markers, Korean wheats contained all three GBSS encoded by Wx loci, except for Suwon 252. Korean wheats showed the high frequency ($58.1\%$) of 1Dx2.2 + 1Dy12 subunits of HMW-GS. Friabilin band was present in 46 lines ($62.2\%$) and absent in 28 lines ($37.8\%$). Friabilin-absence lines showed the higher MST (14.9 ml) and AWRC ($92.1\%$) value than friabilin-presence lines (8.5 ml and $82.4\%$, respectively).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2022

본 연구는 국립식량과학원에서 고품질 내재해성 찰옥수수 품종 개발을 위해 육성한 177개의 흰찰옥수수, 노랑찰옥수수, 검정찰옥수수 자식계통을 이용하여 16개 농업형질에 대해 평가하여 우수 계통 선발 및 품종 개방을 위한 기초 자료로 이용하고자 수행하였다. 1. 흰찰옥수수, 노랑찰옥수수, 검정찰옥수수 자식계통의 16개 농업형질을 조사한 결과 전체 계통의 평균 출웅일수는 77.69±2.22일, 출사일수 81.12±7.56일, 초장 164.88±22.67 cm, 간장 124.61±24.62 cm, 착수고율 49.34±9.08%, 옆폭 7.53±1.45 cm, 이삭길이 11.75±2.52 cm, 이삭폭 2.94±0.68 cm, 이삭열수 12.22±2.22열, 종자길이 7.75±1.08 mm, 종자너비 7.42±0.68 mm, 종자두께 5.06±0.68 mm, 이삭착립장 11.79±2.13 cm, 열당 종자수 24.30±4.22립, 조단백질 12.05±1.53%, 총 전분 69.27±5.74%로 조사되었다. 2. 16개 농업형질 간의 상관관계 분석결과 출웅일수와 출사일수 간의 상관관계가 0.896으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 초장과 간장 간의 상관관계가 0.740로, 이삭착립장과 이삭 열당 종자수도 0.675로 상관관계가 다음으로 높았다. 3. 주성분 분석 결과 16개의 농업형질 중에서 이삭폭, 종자길이, 이삭길이, 출웅일수, 출사일수, 착수고율, 총 전분이 177개 옥수수 자식계통을 식별하는데 유용한 형질들인 것으로 나타났다. 4. 계층 군집분석을 통해 초장이 크고 동시에 출사일수가 짧은 흰찰 자식계통 7개(KW34, KW37, KW83, KW84, KW100, KW103), 검정찰 자식계통 1개(KBW33), 노랑찰 자식계통 4개(KY11, KY23, KY26, KY34)를 선발하였다. 이 계통들은 수량성이 높은 조생종 찰옥수수 품종을 개발하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.