• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to assess children's literacy in Korea. The subjects were 147 children aged 3 to 5 in Iksan and Chonju. For the assessment of children's literacy, the revised form of WLAT(Written Language Awareness Test) (Taylor & Blum, 1980) and "The Concept About Books Interview" designed for this study were used. The test scores and oral responses of the children were analyzed by frequencies, means, ${\chi}^2$ test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's r, and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$-test. The findings Showed that : (1) the children had more awareness about the mapping principles between speech and print, and the context of sentence than about technical aspects of the written language, and (2) the children had a low awareness of the ultimate function of books. Younger children recognized a hook as a play instrument, whereas older ones saw it as a decoding instrument.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.19
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• pp.411-444
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• 2010

This paper explored the academic socialization of a group of Mongolian college students, learning Korean as their L3 (Third Language), by focusing on their uses of an electronic communication channel. From a perspective of the continua of bi-literacy, this case study investigated how Mongolian students who had limited exposure to a Korean learning community overcame academic challenges through the use of a written communication channel as a tool in the socialization process. Data were collected mainly through three methods: written products, interviews, and questionnaires. The results from this study were as follows. Interactional opportunities for these minority students were seriously constrained during the classroom practices in a Korean-speaking classroom. They also described the lack of communicative competence in Korean and the limited roles played by L2 (English) communication as key barriers to classroom practices. However, students' ways of engaging in electronic interactions differed widely in that they were able to broaden interactional circles by communicating their expertise and difficulties with their Korean peers through the electronic channel. More importantly, the communication pattern of "L2-L2/L3-L3" (on a L2-L3 continuum) emerging from data demonstrated how these students used a written channel as a socialization tool to mediate their learning process in a new community of learning. This study argues that a written communication channel should be taken as an essential part of teaching practices especially for foreign students who cannot speak Korean fluently in multi-cultural classes.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.7
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• pp.291-309
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• 2005

It hasn't been long time since English language was introduced in Korea. At the end of the 18th century the importance of the way of using English properly started to be recognized as Chosun (former country in Korean peninsula) began to conclude a treaty with foreign countries. A lot of Koreans could learn the western culture by the acquired knowledge of English. One of the main factors opening the secluded nation to the world was the member of missionary from outside of Korea. As the number of missionaries increased those who already came to Korea found the necessity of wiring a sort of guidebook of Korean language for the newly dispatched missionaries. The book $\ulcorner$Korean English Grammar$\lrcorner$(written by Horace Grant Underwood in 1890), was the first one that linguistically compared the part of speech and the clausal structures of Korean and English. The revised one of the same book was written by the son, Horace Horton Underwood, in 1914. The revised one newly included the phonetic aspect of Korean language. In this paper the phonetic part of the book will be considered carefully in order to find how recent phonetic methodology has been applied to account for the Korean phonetic features.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2014

This study investigates how common English hedge expressions such as 'I think' and 'I guess' appear in Korean, with the aim of providing explicit explanation for English-speaking leaners of Korean. Based on a contrastive analysis of spoken English and Korean corpus, this study argues three points: Firstly, 'I guess' appears with a wider variety of modalities in Korean than 'I think'. Secondly, this study has found that Korean textbooks contain inappropriate use of registers regarding the English translations of '-geot -gat-': although these markers are used in spoken Korean, they were translated into written English. Therefore, this study suggests that '-geot -gat-' be translated into 'I think' in spoken English, and into 'it seems' in the case of written English and narratives. Lastly, the contrastive analysis has shown that when 'I think' is used with deontic modalities such as 'I think I have to', Korean use '-a-ya-get-': the use of hedge marker 'I think' with 'I have to', which shows obligation or speaker's volition turns the deontic modalities into expressions of speaker's opinion.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 1986

The PM language is a Compiler writing language which syntax- directly translates a high level language into a intermediate language of matrix form. The PM assembler translates the PM language into recursive subroutines which test input strings or output intermediate terms or call another subroutines. A large subset of PASCAL compiler was written in the PM language.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.276-286
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• 1988

In this paper, HLML-C (High Level Microprogramming Language C) is proposed, which is independent of target machines and has similar strucrure to C language. The HLML-C operations are defined for a abstract machine which contains characteristics of various microarchitectures, and can extend to define a target machine's special operations for efficient microcode generation. A microprogram written in this language is translated into a machine independent intermediate language on abstract machine with the information of a target machine's resource usage and then microoperations of a target machine. The HLML-C compiler is implemented with yacc and C language on VAX-11/750 (4.3 BSD) computer. Through the various test microprogram applied to HLML-C compiler, their results are analyzed.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.257-282
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• 2012

Sakhalin, Russia is a very specific area for Korean language education. The imposed separation and isolation in this region means the language in Sakhalin is mixed with South Korean, North Korean, Gyeongsang Province dialect, Japanese, and Russian. Scrutiny of the use of the actual language of Sakhalin Koreans is needed, and it is required in supporting Korean language education. In this study, I will cover: 1. Approach should differ depending on the situation of Korean, foreigners, Korean Language School(Hangeul Hakgyo) and Korean classes in local Schools. 2. Tailor-made textbooks for Sakhalin are required. 3. Korean textbooks to match local circumstances are needed. There should be a basic writing text written by a local Korean department professor and supervision or modification, supplements from Korean language education researchers in Korea. 4. Enlarged Korean training programs are needed. Furthermore, if Korean and Russian university students are to study in Korea, there should be programs offering a dual degree among other things. 5. Methodical, overall examination of overseas Korean regions like Sakhalin is necessary. Also in the case of far east Russia, connectivity between Vladivostok, Khabarovsk and Sakhalin needs to be strengthened.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.207-228
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• 2005

When closing an international contract, both contract parties endeavor to convey their intentions from the stage of negotiation to the moment of signing the contract. Of the many problems presently related to contract language, the first one to consider is which contract party will run the risk of the language deficiencies occurring as a result of the misunderstanding and misinterpretation between different languages. The second problem to consider is whether the interpretation and translation of the contract language is needed and, if so, which party is going to bear the expenses and assume responsibility of the misinterpretation in the translation of, the contract language. The third problem is related to the obligation of explaining to both contract parties the contents and details of the international contract written in different languages. The fourth issue is which language of both contract parties becomes the standard contract language in the procedure of arbitration. The fifth, but not the last problem, is how to solve the language defects in interpreting and translating the contract languages. These five problems can be easily solved by the approval of the contract parties in scrutinizing and selecting the contract languages. However, this research mainly focuses on which effects of the contract language and as how to define and select the contract language.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1282-1291
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• 2005

This paper presents the EVM(Embedded Virtual Machine) which enables the execution of dynamic applications loaded in the embedded systems such as Mobile Devices(mobile phone, PDA), Set-Top Box, and Digital TV using downloading techniques. To accomplish this goal, we defined a SIL-(Standard Intermediate Language) code, and implemented a Bytecode-to-SIL translator which enables the execution of programs written in java language in the EVM platform without JVM, and a MSIL--to-SIL- translator which enables for programs written in .NET language to be executed in the EVM platform without .NET platform. Also, we developed a EFF(Executable File Format) builder as an assembler which translates SIL codes into an executable file, *.evm, and implemented the EVM which reads the *.evm file and executes it. The virtual machine for embedded systems developed in this paper is the software technologies that enable the execution of applications or contents without changes to when the platforms change. In fact, the virtual machine suggested here is not only usable as a standard model for existing virtual machines but also aid in more efficient execution of applications loaded in the embedded systems such as Mobile Devices, Digital TV, and Set-Top Box.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.976-984
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• 2004

C# and .NET platform in Microsoft Corp. has been developed to meet the needs of programmers, and cope with Java and JVM platform of Sun Microsystems. After compiling, a program written in .NET language is converted to MSIL code, and also executed by .NET platform but not in JVM platform. Java, one of the most widely used programming languages recently, is the language invented by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, which is the next generation language independent of operating systems and hardware platforms. Java source code is compiled into bytecode as intermediate code independent of each platform by compiler, and also executed by JVM. This paper presents the MSIL-to-Bytecode intermediate language translator which enables the execution of the program written in .NET language such as C or C# in JVM(Java Virtual Machine) environment, translating MSIL code produced by compiling .NET program into java bytecode. This work provides an environment for programmers to develop application programs without limitations of programming languages.