• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 1984

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of porous plug wrapping and perforated tipping paper on tip ventilation rate of cigarettes. The wider perforated width of tipping paper was and the more rows Perforation were given, the more increased the effort on the tip ventilation rate, and the high porous plug wrap also had a influence on the tip ventilation rate. Tip ventilation rate purposed would be obtained by adjusting the permeability of tipping papers with high porous plug wrap. To keep the cigarette quality uniform, the high porous plug wrapping paper and the tipping paper of small pore and many rows of perforation must be combined.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 1997

Three-Dimensional finite element analysis is performed using PAM-STAMP for design evaluation of automotive back door inner panel die. Gravity process by blank own weigth, binder-wrap process, and drawing process in the forming operations are sequentially simulated with Virtual Manufacturing Method. The most valuable result in this research is that 3-D FEM analysis can be applied to the design evaluation of draw dies in the die try-out, though effects of mesh size and drawbead resistance force on the try-out, the experimental knowhows about the forming variables such as friction coefficient punch velocity, drawbead force, etc are necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.255-255
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• 2016

현재 하천유량은 제정된 관행 및 허가 수리권에 따라 사용자에게 물 분배가 이루어진 후 측정된 유량값이다. 이에 따라 현재 국내 하천 및 저수지 운영 모델로 적용중인 수리권에 기초를 둔 WRAP(Water Rights Analysis Package) 모델에 적용하기 위해서는 입력값인 자연하천유량 즉 인간의 물 사용 활동인 수리권이고려되지 않은 자연하천유량값의 산정이 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 국가 수자원 종합 정보시스템(WAMIS, Water Management Information System)자료 및 수문조사연보의 자료를 이용하여 한강유역 원통 지역에서의 2006년부터 2013년까지 8년간의 수위, 수위-유량곡선을 수집하여 이를 바탕으로 각해의 공식을 일원화하여 통합한 공식을 만들었으며 이를 통하여 자연하천유량 값을 산정하는데 사용하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2019

A 70-year-old man complained imbalance while walking, inability to perform ankle flexion, and could not stand on tip-toe 3 months after injury. The ankle looked swollen with loss of Achilles contour and obvious gait disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a 5-cm Achilles tendon gap. Subsequently, surgery was performed to solve the neglected Achilles tendon rupture. Patient was put under general anesthesia with a regional block. Using a nontourniquet technique, a reconstructive procedure was performed using a half-width autologous Achilles tendon graft, which was attached to the calcaneal prominence with wire in a double strand Bunnell fashion. As for the proximal stump, double core Bunnell/modified Kessler suturing was carried out to suture the graft to Achilles stump. To increase the vascularization, an ipsilateral gastrocnemius fascial flap with a distally based-pedicle was harvested to wrap around the tendon graft. At a 6-month follow-up, the patient was able to stand on tip-toe and had also regained a normal gait.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 2020

Recently, Type 2 high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is studied due to fast defect detection, easy manufacturing, and cost efficiency. Moreover, the dry winding a high-strength metal wire will make increased economic efficiency compare with the wet winding method and the carbon/glass fiber winding method. In this study, a theoretical study on the dry winding of a Type 2 high pressure hydrogen tank using a metal wire was done, and the equations of the total stress on the aligned and the staggered winding for the hoop winding were derived, and the following results were obtained by using these equations. As the diameter of the metal wire, the number of winding layers, and the outer diameter of the liner increase, the maximum stress decreases, but the difference between the maximum stress occurring in the aligned winding and the staggered winding increases. As the pressure increases, the thickness of the winding layer increases, but as the strength of the metal wire increases, the thickness of the winding layer decreases. In addition, regardless of the strength of the metal wire, the thickness of the winding layer of the staggered winding was about 13.4% thinner than that of the aligned winding.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

One of the major obstructing factors against managing dairy farm in Korea has been a shortage of roughage supply, which resulted in excessive abuse of concentrate feed. In order to solve this problem, production of the wrap silage by the winter cereal forages raised in the fallow paddy field is strongly recommended in Korea. The main objective is to develop a tractor attached round bale wrapper which can process the silage by wrapping the round bales with thin plastic films. This is the first half of the study which is divided by two parts. In this first part, bale wrapping process was analyzed, and based on this results the followings were designed, developed and tested. 1. Bale wrapper which haying the maximum capacity of 1 ton bale with various functions such as loading, wrapping, discharging the round bales and supplying and cutting wrap films was designed. 2. An actuator and its hydraulic circuit of each process were developed and tested. 3. Also, the variations of hydraulic pressure and engine speed were investigated by operating bale wrapper developed. In this test, maximum pressure of the hydraulic circuit for the bale wrapping was 130 kg/㎠ when it raised the bale, which was quite below the relief pressure of 170 kg/㎠ of hydraulic circuit. In the engine speed test, speed drop was 20∼67 rpm, which meant that there was no over-load operation. Therefore, the experiment proved that developed hydraulic circuit and mechanism is stable in bale wrapping operation

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.771-786
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• 2020

This study aims to develop a life-friendly, wrap-one-piece style dance sports practice wear considering the physical characteristics of middle-aged, abdominally obese women. These types of practice wear allow people to enjoy exercise easily and to wear these garments as daily wear while meeting the requirements for dance sports wear. The three participants selected for this study were all women with five or more years of dance sports experience and were all average sized on Korea's abdominal obesity scale. In the first phase of the study, practice wear was created in a total of nine styles with three different styles of neckline depths for three different styles of dress skirt lengths. In the second phase of the study, the practice wear was created in 15 styles with five different styles of sleeve lengths for three different styles of waistline heights. After analyzing the design preferences of the participants, the fit preferences of the designs were evaluated and the final appearance was analyzed in order to suggest a pattern. The results of the subjects' first and second preference evaluations showed a preference for a 10 centimeter neckline depth, for high waistlines, and for elbow to wrist-length sleeves. The implementation of this research is expected to be extensive, as its results can be used as basic data for making lifestyle dance sports practice wear that covers the physical insecurities of middle-aged, abdominally obese women and enables them to enjoy their leisure time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.375-375
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• 2022

수리권(水利權, Water Right)은 특정인이 하천의 물을 계속적, 배타적으로 사용하는 권리로서, 국내에서는 민법 제231조 "공유하천의 연안에서 농, 공업을 경영하는 자는 이에 이용하기 위하여 타인의 용수를 방해하지 아니하는 범위 내에서 필요한 인수를 할 수 있다." 라는 규정을 통해 공유하천 용수권을 인정하면서, 동법 제234조 "전 3조의 규정은 다른 관습이 있으면 그 관습에 의한다." 라는 조항을 통해 관습에 의한 즉, 관행 수리권을 인정하고 있다. 또한, 하천법 제50조 "생활·공업·농업·환경개선·발전·주운(舟運) 등의 용도로 하천수를 사용하려는 자는 대통령령으로 정하는 바에 따라 환경부장관의 허가를 받아야 한다." 라는 규정을 통해 허가 수리권을 규정하고 있다. 이와 같이 국내의 경우 수리권에 대하여 공용하천 용수권, 관행수리권 및 허가수리권이 혼재되어 있어 지역 간의 물 분쟁이 심화되어 가고 있는 상황에서 수리권의 정립 필요성이 절실해지고 있지만, 제도적 연구와 더불어 이를 뒷받침 해줄 수문학적 연구가 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 동진강 유역을 대상으로 수정 3단 TANK 모형을 적용하여 자연하천유량 산정하였고, 수리권 분석모형인 WRAP(Water Rights Analysis Package, WRAP)을 이용하여 수리권 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 섬진강댐의 방류조건 및 유역내 물 이용조건에 따른 시나리오를 구성하여 하천유지유량의 변화를 모의하였다. 시나리오 적용에 따른 대표지점의 조절하천유량을 모의한 결과 시나리오3, 시나리오4, 시나리오5(비관개기기간 동안 용수 추가확보를 통한 증가방류)에서 하천유지유량이 상대적으로 많아지는 것으로 모의되었다. 또한, 시나리오1, 시나리오2(유역내 저수지 방류량을 연중 일정량 공급)방안도 관개기와·비관개기 기간에 대표지점의 하천유지유량 증가에 효과가 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 연구 대상기간의 대부분은 수리권 목표량을 만족하였지만, 갈수년에 해당하는 2017년의 경우에는 용수 확보량이 가장 많은 시나리오5를 적용한 경우에도 수리권 전환량 및 하천유지유량의 부족이 발생하는 것으로 모의되었다. 유역내 수리권 우선순위의 변경을 통한 유량의 변화를 모의하기 위하여 2017년을 대상년도로 모의해본 결과 연구대상지역의 하류에 위치하고 있는 농업용보에서의 수리권을 후순위로 두었을 때, 대표지점에서 가장 많은 양의 유량을 확보하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.452-457
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics of pickled radish wrap supplemented with calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) at different concentrations. With $CaCl_2$ supplementation, initial pH and acidity were 3.8~4.0 and 2.7~3.0% (w/v), respectively. During the 28 day-preservation at $4^{\circ}C$ or $50^{\circ}C$, the initial pH and acidity were maintained. However, when the pickled radish wrap was preserved at $25^{\circ}C$, it had lower pH (by 0.5) and higher acidity (by 1.9~2.2%) when compared with the initial values. The difference in color (${\Delta}E$-value) of the pickled radish wrap preserved at $50^{\circ}C$ was significant (${\Delta}E$-value 23~27), though the hardness of the sample prepared at $4^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$ showed no distinguishable differences at various concentrations of $CaCl_2$ supplementation (0.1, 0.2, 03, 0.4, and 0.5%). However, once preserved at $50^{\circ}C$, it resulted in the greater hardness with the higher concentrations of $CaCl_2$ supplementation. In terms of softness, the overall trend in changes was similar to the hardness. A sensory evaluation using the samples preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ for 28 days demonstrated that the preparation with 0.4% $CaCl_2$ ranked highest in taste, hardness and overall acceptability. It wass suggested that supplementation with 0.4% $CaCl_2$ would be most appropriate to improve the textural properties of pickled radish wrap while maintaining its organoleptic quality.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.226-230
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• 2008

A comparison was made of the effect of different packaging materials on storability of mixed sprout vegetables (alfalfa, broccoli, cabbage, radish, and red radish) stored at $8^{\circ}C$. They were packaged by several kinds of films that were 50 fm thickness low-density polyethylene film (PE 50), 50 fm thickness polypropylene film (PP 50), $50{\mu}m$ thickness ceramic film (CE 50), $25{\mu}m$ thickness ceramic film (CE 25), $10\sim13{\mu}m$ thickness polyethylene film (wrap), and polyethylene terephthalate box with ventilation hole (box). The fresh weight of mixed sprouts packaged with different materials decreased below to 2% except box packages that decreased around 7% compared with initial weight. The atmospheres that were developed inside the different materials during storage differed significantly. The carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration of packages were kept properly with 5% in CE 25, but the PE 50 and CE 50 treatments showed higher carbon dioxide and lower oxygen concentration. So the off-flavor of mixed sprouts was more severe in the PE 50 and CE 50 treatment. The ethylene concentration of packages showed lowest in box treatment, followed by PP 50, wrap and CE 25 treatment. The overall quality of mixed sprouts was lower in PE 50 and CE 50 than CE 25 treatment after 10 days storage, supposed to be resulted from highest ethylene concentration and lowest oxygen concentration. Conclusionally, the CE 25 film that showed below 1% fresh weight loss, 5% carbon dioxide, 5% oxygen and below 4 ppm ethylene concentration in package may be a proper packaging material for mixed sprout vegetables.