• Title/Summary/Keyword: world of plants

Search Result 543, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Mixed Infection of Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus and Grassy Shoot Phytoplasma in Yellow Leaf Affected Indian Sugarcane Cultivars

  • Nithya, Kadirvel;Parameswari, Balasubramaniam;Viswanathan, Rasappa
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • v.36 no.4
    • /
    • pp.364-377
    • /
    • 2020
  • Sugarcane is an important sugar crop contributes more than 80% of world sugar production. Mosaic, leaf fleck, and yellow leaf (YL) are the major viral diseases affecting sugarcane, amongst YL occurrence is widely reported in all the sugarcane growing countries. It is caused by Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) and detailed works were done on complete genome characterization, transmission, and management. However, in countries like Egypt, South Africa, Cuba, Mauritius and Hawaii, the disease was reported to the cause of sugarcane yellow leaf phytoplasma (SCYP) and/or SCYLV as single/combined infections. Hence, we have investigated in detail to identify the exact Candidatus phytoplasma taxon associated in Indian cultivars affected with YL. The sequencing results and the restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of the PCR products using the universal phytoplasma primers confirmed presence of sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) phytoplasma (16SrXI group) in the YL-affected plants. Mixed infection of SCYLV and SCGS phytoplasma was estimated as 32.8% in YL affected plants. Evolutionary genetic relationship between SCYP and SCGS phytoplasma representatively taken from different countries showed that SCYP from South Africa and Cuba were diverged from others and had a highest similarity with SCGS phytoplasma. Although we wanted to identify SCYP from YL affected Indian sugarcane cultivars, the study clearly indicated a clear absence of SCYP in YL affected plants and we found SCYLV as the primary cause for the disease.

Phytohormnes producing Preussia sp. BSL-10 induce phytohormonal changes in tomato (Solanum lycopersium cv.) under divers temperature.

  • Al-Hosni, Khdija;Shahzad, Raheem;Kang, Sang-Mo;Lee, In-Jung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
    • /
    • 2017.06a
    • /
    • pp.202-202
    • /
    • 2017
  • Global climate change resulted in unwarranted change in global temperature and caused heat and cold stress, which are consider major threat to agriculture productivity around the world. The use of plant growth-promoting microbes is an eco-friendly strategy to counteract such stresses and confer tolerance to the plants. In current study, previously isolated endophytic fungi Preussia sp. BSL-10 has been found to produce phytohormones such as IAA and GA and as such, endophyte Preussia sp. BSL-10 found to induced tolerance against heat and cold stress. The results showed that under both heat and cold stress the plant growth parameter such as shoot, root length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight is higher in Preussia sp. BSL-10 treated plants as compare to free Preussia sp. BSL-10 control plants. In addition, the stress-sensitive endogenous ABA levels were significantly increased in Preussia sp. BSL-10 host plant. The current result suggest that the phytohormone-producing endophyte Preussia sp. BSL-10 can increase plant resistance toheat and cold stress, in turn improving agricultural productivity.

  • PDF

The Fate of Tetracycline Resistant Bacteria in Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants (생물학적 하수처리장에서 테트라싸이클린 저항 세균의 거동)

  • Kim, Sungpyo
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
    • /
    • v.22 no.3
    • /
    • pp.527-533
    • /
    • 2006
  • Tetracycline is one of the mostly used antibiotics around the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fate of two different types of tetracycline resistant bacteria in biological wastewater treatment plants. Tetracycline resistant enterics and heterotrophic bacteria were monitored under two different lab-scale experimental conditions. Tetracycline resistant enteric bacteria showed the lower percentages of total enteric bacteria and net specific growth rate in the monitored activated sludge system as compared to tetracycline resistant heterotrophic bacteria. Therefore, total enterics, potentially E.coli, might not be the best indicator microorganism for evaluating the antibiotic resistant bacteria in biological wastewater treatment plant.

A Sudy on Growth of Plants using Artificial Lighting in Subway Station (인공광을 이용한 도시철도 지하역사에서의 식물성장 연구)

  • Lee, Sang-Bae;Choi, Youn-Sug
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
    • /
    • 2011.10a
    • /
    • pp.1486-1492
    • /
    • 2011
  • The Development of science and technology began with the use of fire. In addition to the invention of an artificial light, more time and activity areas were provided so that continuous technological development has continued. Also, artificial lights brought an improvement in productivity through the applications in various fields such as agriculture, livestock farming, fisheries, and so on. Especially, in the field of agriculture, LED has come to the front as an alternative for food security against extreme climatic change. Meanwhile, with great interest, many researches about the convergence of agricultural biotechnology and LED industry are ongoing over the world. This paper shows the correlation of the plants growth using the LED artificial lighting similar to sunlight, which is needed for photosynthesis, in subway station which has actually no natural lights. Also, it is expected that this paper will lay out the groundwork for improving an environmentally friendly image which gives a relief and an emotional effect to passengers by using nature friendly lighting.

  • PDF

A Study on Combustion Troubles, Issues and Countermeasures in the Coal Fired Power Plant Boilers with Various Coals (다양한 탄종 연소에 따른 석탄화력 보일러 연소장애 및 연소현안에 대한 대처방안 연구)

  • Kim, Chun-Kun
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2006.10a
    • /
    • pp.282-292
    • /
    • 2006
  • Various kinds of coals are supplied for coal fired power plants as the coal market situations are fluctuated with the high prices of oil and coals over the world. The quality of coal is decreasing as coal consumption increased and some specifications of coals are out of boiler design criteria. It could make combustion troubles such as coal clogging, spontaneous combustion, coal firing in the coal handling equipments, ash slag and clinker issues, etc. This paper covers combustion troubles, issues and countermeasures in the biggest coal fired power plant in Korea.

  • PDF

Conventional and Unconventional Research on Allelopathy in Australia (1988-1993) (호주 알레로파시 연구의 두 방향(1988-1993))

  • ;Lovett, J. V.
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.111-123
    • /
    • 1997
  • Although the number of active workers in Australia is small the range of species associated with allelopathic activity is at least as large as that reported elsewhere in the world. In this paper, work on native and infroduced plants is discussed under the general heading of "conventional allelopathy", thiat is, interactions between plants which are chemically mediated. Work in which compounds associated with allelopathy, in the conventional sense, are biologically active in different contexts is included under "unconventional allelopathy", Examples which involve microorganisms, corals and other marie species, and mammals are discussed.mmals are discussed.

  • PDF

Maintenance Scheduling Using PSO Algorithm for Power Plants (PSO알고리즘을 이용한 전력계통의 발전기 예방정비계획 수립)

  • Park, Young-Soo;Jeong, Hee-Myung;Park, Jong-Kook;Kim, Jin-Ho;Park, June-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 2007.11b
    • /
    • pp.237-239
    • /
    • 2007
  • This paper focuses on maintenance scheduling using PSO algorithm for power plants from an economic (operating cost) and reliable(variance of operating reserve margin) point of view. We also apply regional reserve margin and transfer capability to maintenance scheduling problem. The proposed method has been applied to IEEE-RTS(1996) with 32-generators and a real -world large scale power system with 291 generators.

  • PDF

Biodiversity Conservation & World Natural Heritage in Bangladesh (방글라데시의 생물다양성 보전 및 세계자연유산)

  • Nayna, Omme Kulsum;Lee, Sang Don
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
    • /
    • v.26 no.5
    • /
    • pp.376-384
    • /
    • 2017
  • Bangladesh is a South Asian country with subtropical monsoonal climate between the intersection of the Indo-Himalayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions, is known as biodiversity hotspot of the Asian region. The country has different types of forest like deciduous forest, evergreen forest, mixed forest, haor (wetlands) and mangrove forest. The natural beauty of the country is increased with the presence of so many rivers, longest sea beach of the world, green plants, critical hilly regions and green agricultural forest widely spread here and there. Sundarbans is the world largest mangrove forest and world natural heritage site declared by UNESCO in 1999 situated in Bangladesh and India. About 62 percent of this mangrove forest is situated in Bangladesh and there are so many plants and animals are found in this forest. To meet the increasing demand of the large population most of the natural ecosystem is now altered, deforestation rate is increased, natural habitat of the species is disturbed. Due to the imbalance of the climate and natural system many of the rare species of the world found this region is now endangered and some of the species are extinct. Directly or indirectly they are benefited from natural resources. At present time community, based ecotourism is also an important source of income for rural poor peoples. To protect the natural resources the government is now developed so many conservation acts and policy as well NGOs are also doing work for the conservation of ecosystem and biodiversity. At present transboundary pollutants and so many natural disasters also destruct the natural resources of Bangladesh.

Reduction of Stress Caused by Drought and Salt in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crops through Applications of Selected Plant Extracts and the Physiological Response Mechanisms of Rice

  • Hyun Hwa Park;Young Seon Lee;Yong In Kuk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
    • /
    • 2022.10a
    • /
    • pp.57-57
    • /
    • 2022
  • In many areas of the world, salt damage and drought have had a negative impact on human survival due to a decrease in agricultural productivity. For instance, about 50% of agricultural land will be affected by salt damage by 2050. Biostimulants such as plant extracts can not only increase the nutrient utilization efficiency of plants, but also promote plant growth and increase resistance to abiotic or biotic stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how selected plant extracts might reduce levels of stress caused by drought and salt and to better understand the physiological response mechanisms of rice plants. In this study, we used Soybean leaves, Soybean stems and Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts were used. These extracts had been used in previous studies and were found to be effective. The materials were dried in a dry oven at 50℃ for 5 days and ground using a blender. Each 50 g of materials was put in 1 L of distilled water, stirred for 24 hours, filtered using 4 layers of mirocloth, and then concentrated using a concentrator. Rice (cv. Hopumbyeo) seeds were immersed and germinated, and then sown in seedbeds filled with commercial soil. In drought experiments, three rice seedlings at 1 week after seeding was transplanted into 100 ml cups filled with commercial soils and grown until the 4-leaf stage. For this experiment, the soil weight in a cup was equalized, and water was allowed to become 100% saturated and then drained for 24 hours. Thereafter, plant extracts at 3% concentrations were applied to the soils. For NaCl treatments, rice plants at 17 days after seeding were treated with either 100 mM NaCl or plant extracts at 1%+ 100 mM NaCl combinations in the growth chamber. Leaf injury, relative water content, photosynthetic efficiency, and chlorophyll contents were measured at 3, 5, and 6 days after treatments. Shoot fresh weight of rice under drought conditions increased 28-37% in response to treatments of Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Shoot fresh weight of rice subjected to 100 mM NaCl treatments also increased by 6-24% in response to Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Compared to the control, rice plants treated with these six extracts and subjected to drought conditions had significantly higher relative water content, Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. With the exception of relative water contents, rice plants treated with the six extracts and subjected to salt stress (100 mM NaCl treatments) had significantly higher Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. However, the type of extract used did not produce significant difference in these parameters. Thus, all the plant extracts used in this study could mitigate drought and NaCl stresses and could also contribute substantially to sustainable crop production.

  • PDF

Distributed Control Systems Using Fieldbus Technology (필드버스 기술을 이용한 분산제어시스템)

  • Lee, Sung-Woo;Gwak, Kwi-Yil;Oh, Eung-Se;Song, Seong-Il
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 2004.11c
    • /
    • pp.653-656
    • /
    • 2004
  • This paper outlines the three main fieldbus type standards: Foundation Fieldbus; WorldFIP; and the Profibus, each of which have great advantages over traditional instrumentation networking technology. The paper shows, using their specification, how they improve traditional control and data acquisition methods. By analysing the main robust, how the can be used to distribute data around the control system, provided increased diagnostic information, are easy to implement, fault confinement, and move simple control operations from the main controller to the local environment. This will help to segment industrial plants into zones which can control themselves. The main control will then be responsibility high-level control. and interzone communications.

  • PDF