• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1153-1153
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• 2001

Directive 79/373/EEC on the marketing of compound feeding stuffs, provided far a flexible declaration arrangement confined to the indication of the feed materials without stating their quantity and the possibility was retained to declare categories of feed materials instead of declaring the feed materials themselves. However, the BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) and the dioxin crisis have demonstrated the inadequacy of the current provisions and the need of detailed qualitative and quantitative information. On 10 January 2000 the Commission submitted to the Council a proposal for a Directive related to the marketing of compound feeding stuffs and the Council adopted a Common Position (EC N$^{\circ}$/2001) published at the Official Journal of the European Communities of 2. 2. 2001. According to the EC (EC N$^{\circ}$ 6/2001) the feeds material contained in compound feeding stufs intended for animals other than pets must be declared according to their percentage by weight, by descending order of weight and within the following brackets (I :< 30%; II :> 15 to 30%; III :> 5 to 15%; IV : 2% to 5%; V: < 2%). For practical reasons, it shall be allowed that the declarations of feed materials included in the compound feeding stuffs are provided on an ad hoc label or accompanying document. However, documents alone will not be sufficient to restore public confidence on the animal feed industry. The objective of the present work is to obtain calibration equations fur the instanteneous and simultaneous prediction of the chemical composition and the percentage of ingredients of unground compound feeding stuffs. A total of 287 samples of unground compound feeds marketed in Spain were scanned in a FOSS-NIR Systems 6500 monochromator using a rectangular cup with a quartz window (16 $\times$ 3.5 cm). Calibration equations were obtained for the prediction of moisture ($R^2$= 0.84, SECV = 0.54), crude protein ($R^2$= 0.96, SECV = 0.75), fat ($R^2$= 0.86, SECV = 0.54), crude fiber ($R^2$= 0.97, SECV = 0.63) and ashes ($R^2$= 0.86, SECV = 0.83). The sane set of spectroscopic data was used to predict the ingredient composition of the compound feeds. The preliminary results show that NIRS has an excellent ability ($r^2$$\geq$ 0, 9; RPD $\geq$ 3) for the prediction of the percentage of inclusion of alfalfa, sunflower meal, gluten meal, sugar beet pulp, palm meal, poultry meal, total meat meal (meat and bone meal and poultry meal) and whey. Other equations with a good predictive performance ($R^2$$\geq$0, 7; 2$\leq$RPD$\leq$3) were the obtained for the prediction of soya bean meal, corn, molasses, animal fat and lupin meal. The equations obtained for the prediction of other constituents (barley, bran, rice, manioc, meat and bone meal, fish meal, calcium carbonate, ammonium clorure and salt have an accuracy enough to fulfill the requirements layed down by the Common Position (EC Nº 6/2001). NIRS technology should be considered as an essential tool in food Safety Programs.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2011

For this case study of gifted education, two classrooms in two locations, show life in general of the gifted educational system. And for this case study the identity of teachers and the gifted, help to activate the mathematically gifted education for these research questions, which are as followed: Firstly, how is the gifted education classroom life? Secondly, what kind of identity do the teachers and gifted students bring to mathematics, mathematics teaching and mathematics learning? Being selected in the gifted children's education center solves the research problem of characteristic and approach. Backed by the condition and the permission possibility, 2 selected classes and 2 people, which are coming and going. Gifted education classroom life, the identity of teachers and gifted students in mathematics and mathematics teaching and mathematic learning. It will be for 3 months, with various recordings and vocal instruction between teacher and students. Collected observations and interviews will be analyzed over the course of instruction. The results analyzed include, social participation, structure, and the formation of the gifted education classroom life. The organization of classes were analyzed by the classes conscious levels to collect and retain data. The classes verification levels depended on the program's first class incentive, teaching and learning levels and understanding of gifted math. A performance assessment will be applied after the final lesson and a consultation with parents and students after the final class. The six kinds of social participation structure come out of the type of the most important roles in gifted education accounts, for these types of group discussions and interactions, students must have an interaction or individual activity that students can use, such as a work product through the real materials, which release teachers and other students for that type of questions to evaluate. In order for the development of meaningful mathematical concepts to formulate, mathematical principles require problem solving among all students, which will appear in the resolution or it will be impossible to map the meaning of the instruction from which it was formed. These results show the analysis of the mathematics, mathematics teaching, mathematics learning and about the identity of the teachers and gifted. Gifted education teachers are defined by gifted math, which is more difficult and requires more differentiated learning, suitable for gifted students. Gifted was defined when higher level math was created and challenged students to deeper thinking. Gifted students think that gifted math is creative learning and they are forward or passive to one-way according to the education atmosphere.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.10-24
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• 1979

It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist\ulcornerure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres\ulcornerhing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr\ulcorneresher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.9-9
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• 1979

It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist?ure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres?hing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr?esher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1979

This study was carried out to select superior dual purpose hens which could spread to poultry farming for subsidiary work and general farmhouse. Three hundred and fifty chicks of 7 kinds of 2-way crossbred from mating of Rhode Island Red, New Hampshire and Australorps were tested for dual purpose performance. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The average viability of brooding, rearing and laying Period hen were 92.3% 98.3% and 93.1% respectively. There was significant difference at 1% level among crossbreds for brooding viability, but other viabilitys were no significant difference. 2. The average body weight of 8 weeks was 854.41g, but there was no significant difference among crossbreds, respectively. Average body weight at 300 days, 500 days were 2507.15g, 2632.25g respectively, but there was significant difference at 1% level among crossbreds. 3. Sexual maturity of individual and 50% egg production were 173.7 days and 199.4 days, respectively. There was significant difference at 5% level among crossbreds. 4. The average hen day egg production was 65.3% and the highest was R.N crossbred (70.5%). There was significant difference at 5% level among crossbreds and average hen housed egg Production was 20.2 eggs and the highest was 220.4 eggs in R.A. crossbred. 5. The average egg weight was 57.36g and the highest was A.N crossbred (58.3g). Therc was no significant difference among crossbreds. 6. The average feed consumption per hen per day by stag. was 42.9g (brooding period), 83.7g (rearing period), 131.1g (laying period). Average feed requirement per 1kg. egg production was 3.79 and th. R.A. crossbred was superiority (3.42). 7. On the basis of the results of this study, the R.A and R.N crossbreds were best for superior dual commercial chicks under farming management conditions.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.167-201
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• 2006

Korean corporations are transforming their vertical operational structure to a team-based structure to compete in the rapidly changing environment and for improved performance. However, a high percentage of the respondents in KBS said that despite the appearance of the present team structure, the organization operates much like a vertically-structured organization. This result can be attributed to the lack of study and implementation toward the goal of empowerment, the key variable for the success of the team-based structure. This study aims to provide policy suggestions on how to implement the process of empowerment, by investigating the conditions that hinder the process and the attitude of the KBS employees. For the cross-sectional study, this thesis examined the domestic and international references, conducted a survey of KBS employees, personal interviews and made direct observations. Approximately 1,200 copies of the Questionnaire were distributed and 474 were completed and returned. The analysis used SPSS 12.0 software to process the data collected from 460 respondents. For the longitudinal-study, six categories that were common to this study and "The Report of the Findings of KBS Employees' View of the Team Structure" were selected. The comparative study analyzed the changes in a ten-month period. The survey findings showed a decrease of 24.2%p in the number of responses expressing negative views of the team structure and a decrease of 1.29%p in the number of positive responses. The findings indicated a positive transformation illustrating employees' improved understanding and approval of the team structure. However, KBS must address the issue on an ongoing basis. It has been proven that the employee empowerment increases the productivity of the individual and the group. In order to boost the level of empowerment, the management must exercise new, innovative leadership and build trust between the managers and the employees first. Additional workload as a result of shirking at work places was prevalent throughout all divisions and ranks, according to the survey data. This outcome leads to the conclusion that the workload is not evenly distributed or shared. And the data also showed the employees do not trust the assessment and rewards system. More attention and consideration must be paid to the team size and job allocation in order to address this matter; the present assessment and rewards system need to be complemented. The type of leadership varies depending on the characteristics of the organization's structure and employees' disposition. KBS must develop and reform its own management, leadership style to suit the characteristics of individual teams. Finally, for a soft-landing of KBS team structure, in-house training and education are necessary.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2002

The recent dot-com craze has been one of the main causes that accelerated the growth of internet-related companies in diversity as well as in size. Meanwhile, the domestic market of supplies and equipment for internet businesses has been dominated by major foreign companies. To regain their market positions, the domestic manufacturers had to find the way to build up their competitive advantages, such as meeting their customers needs and reducing overall costs. In this study, one domestic PC server manufacturer, which competes fiercely with foreign manufacturers for the top place, has been chosen as a model to evaluate its current supply chain and to find an area that can be improved for a better performance. System Dynamics is used throughout the study. The central concept to system dynamics is understanding how all the objects in a system interact with one another. It focuses on feedback and secondary effects to think through how a strategy might or might not work, depending on how organizational changes are received, and what kinds of consequences emerge. Then, computerized models were built for simulations, each with different conditions, and, finally, the results were evaluated based on some criteria which are considered to be important and meaningful. The inefficiency that exists in the supply chain was proved to be a thirty-day long purchasing order leadtime, and it was expected that more effective supply chain could be formed if the leadtme were reduced to 14 days or 7 days. The results of simulations showed that the overall expected costs in supply chain was the least with the purchasing leadtime being 7 days. The lower average number of parts held as inventory, along with the reduced lost sales, acted as the factor reducing the expected overall costs. Although there was a slight increase in the average number of final products held as inventory and the total ordering cost, the benefits from lower parts inventory and reduced lost sales were large enough to justify the overall cost reduction.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2001

This paper describes Linear Discriminant Analysis and common vector extraction for speech recognition. Voice signal contains psychological and physiological properties of the speaker as well as dialect differences, acoustical environment effects, and phase differences. For these reasons, the same word spelled out by different speakers can be very different heard. This property of speech signal make it very difficult to extract common properties in the same speech class (word or phoneme). Linear algebra method like BT (Karhunen-Loeve Transformation) is generally used for common properties extraction In the speech signals, but common vector extraction which is suggested by M. Bilginer et at. is used in this paper. The method of M. Bilginer et al. extracts the optimized common vector from the speech signals used for training. And it has 100％ recognition accuracy in the trained data which is used for common vector extraction. In spite of these characteristics, the method has some drawback-we cannot use numbers of speech signal for training and the discriminant information among common vectors is not defined. This paper suggests advanced method which can reduce error rate by maximizing the discriminant information among common vectors. And novel method to normalize the size of common vector also added. The result shows improved performance of algorithm and better recognition accuracy of 2％ than conventional method.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.31
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• pp.117-152
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• 2013

is a comics that the original Yoshokawa Eiji's novel . Since the series started in 1998, it's epic that records the 54 million or more copies of the cumulative sales volume to 1.7 million unit volume average in the book, 34 are currently up to volume has been published. proceeds with narratives in a way of following naturally the personality of a character based on the rule of an author, which is 'people should be described as what they are'. Accordingly it features very unique characterizing. This study focused on the fact that numerous characters in maintain a structural balance through the establishment of a character composition in an antipodal relationship although those characters have strong personalities. In order to analyze the relationship of such characters, the study utilized as an analytic frame MBTI personality types theory which is a psychology test tool. First, the study inferred personality patterns as the temperamental characteristics of MBTI, and tried to analyze the antipodal character composition based on the combination of cognition and judgment which are assumably the most important functions. From this, the study was able to discover the following three structures applied to those characters. (1) The antipodism between Musasi, the main character and Kojiro, a mirror character becomes central to the work, (2) The antipodal relationship between their fosterers and the character playing the mentor's role extends the character attribute of Musasi and Kojiro. (3) The Yoshioka family was also established in the antipodal composition as a role of exchanging influences with Musasi and Kojiro. Through this, the study reached a conclusion that in the pairs of characters in contrast were established as if to reach a dialectic synthesis. As such, the antipodal structuralization of the character composition shown in is deemed to differentiate the inner sides of numerous unique characters; thereby make it possible to describe their inner sides in-depth. Finally, the following common context is found: works in the field of successful comics and animation in terms of criticism and performance are focused on characters. It is probably because their consumers are relatively very interested in those characters as the characters in comics or animation become differentiated from those of novels or movies. Subsequently, it is expected that the analyzed results of characterizing can be referred to during the production of contents by preparing the results as database.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.119-133
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• 1997

Continuing shift service of clinical nurses can be not only the cause of occupational dissatisfaction by being connected with the change of circadian rhythm and the burden of duties to be applicable to such changes. But also of inviting the lowering of nursing quality by being affected to the resignation of the nurses as the threat to the health of the nurses. This study has selected 500 nurses at random under non-probability sampling who have been serving by shift in 7 general hospitals which have over 400 sickbeds for the purpose of cross-sectional survey design from Sep. 7 through 20, 1996. Standardized modification of the CMI has been used which was designed for Koreans with Cornell Medical Index developed by Broadman and his fellow workers as the study device. The structure of the device was composed of 35 questions on physical appeal(Chronbach's ${\alpha}=8507$) and 22 questions of mental appeal(Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.8166$ totalling 57 questions. The collected data has been computerrized by using SPSS. General character, present symptom, perceived symptom and others are sought by practical number and percentage, and the health condition comparison followed by general characters was conducted by t-test and ANOVA. The post test was by Duncan's test by the level of p<.05. 1) The items of the answer that they have the physical symptom presently by 50% or over of the nurses were as "Do you often have spells of severe dizziness", "Are your eyes often red or inflamed", "Does press or pain in the head often make like miserable", "Are your ankles often badly swollen", "Do pains in the back make it hard for you to keep up with your work". 2) The items of the answer by over 50% of the nurses as the mental symptom at present were "do you fell bad when criticized?", "Do you get angry when everything is against your will?", "do you get angry when ordered to do this and that?", "do you feel uneasy by such a trifle thing?", "do you tremble or are you freightened by sudden sound?". The mental and physical symptoms which have appeared presently in connection with the shift service have been agreed with each other. But the physical condition has been worse than the mental one. 3) In the physical health conditions followed by demosociological character, there were the significant differences by sex, religion and place of residence(p<.05), and in the mental health conditions, there were the significant differences by age, marital status, residence place and the required time for attending hospital(p<.05). 4) There was significant difference by the degree of satisfaction about the duty in both the physical and mental health conditions. In short, the higher the degree of duty satisfaction, the better the health conditions. 5) There were the significant difference according to the times of night duty and whether they take the drug or not or the kinds of the drugs in the physical health conditions related with the characters of night shift. Mental health conditions in the night shift case showed significant differences according to their taking drug or not or the kinds of the drugs(p<.05). I can confirm that the nurses have been affected continuously by the shift service mentally and physically. The maintenance of the physical and mental health of the nurses and its promotion are very important problem to guarantee the quality nursing in the performance of the nursing service continuously and effectively, so the hospital should make every effort to improve the duty conditions by finding out the causes affecting to their health. In the nursing management viewpoint, I think that elevating the satisfaction degree about the duty would be a great help to the promotion of physical and mental health conditions. But what is most important is that the nurses themselves should take care of themselves in maintaining the good conditions in their service in the hospital.