• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.79-95
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• 2023

Objective: This study examines the relationships among four-year-olds' counting skills, their use of number words, and their mothers' use of number words during mother-child free play. Specifically, we assess whether children's use of number words mediates the relationship between their counting skills and their mothers' use of number words during play. Methods: Forty-two 4-year-old children and their mothers were asked to play freely with a given set of toys at their home for 10 minutes. Children also completed a counting skill test. Frequencies of number word use were calculated for mothers and children from transcriptions of the free play. Results: Children's counting skills, the frequency of their number word use, and their mothers' frequency of number word use were positively correlated with each other. Additionally, the frequency of children's number-word use completely mediated the relationship between their counting skills and their mothers' frequency of number-word use. Conclusion/Implications: The results suggest that children's use of number language may play a crucial role in the provision of number-related language input by parents, based on their children's math skills. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

Many isolated word recognition systems may generate non-similar words for recognition candidates because they use only acoustic information. In this paper, we investigate several techniques which can exclude non-similar words from N-best candidate words by applying Levenstein distance measure. At first, word distance method based on phone and syllable distances are considered. These methods use just Levenstein distance on phones or double Levenstein distance algorithm on syllables of candidates. Next, word similarity approaches are presented that they use characters' position information of word candidates. Each character's position is labeled to inserted, deleted, and correct position after alignment between source and target string. The word similarities are obtained from characters' positional probabilities which mean the frequency ratio of the same characters' observations on the position. From experimental results, we can find that the proposed methods are effective for removing non-similar words without loss of system performance from the N-best recognition candidates of the systems.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2019

Morphological analysis is used for searching sentences and understanding context. As most morpheme analysis methods are based on predefined dictionaries, the problem of a target word not being registered in the given morpheme dictionary, the so-called unregistered word problem, can be a major cause of reduced performance. The current practical solution of such unregistered word problem is to add them by hand-write into the given dictionary. This method is a limitation that restricts the scalability and expandability of dictionaries. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose a novel method to automatically expand a dictionary by means of use-case analysis, which checks the validity of the unregistered word by exploring the use-cases through web crawling. The results show that the proposed method is a feasible one in terms of the accuracy of the validation process, the expandability of the dictionary and, after registration, the fast extraction time of morphemes.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.24-31
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 단어 조음결합의 음성학적 모델을 이용한 한국어 연속음성 인식에 관해 연구한다. 조음결합 현상에 의한 성능 감소를 줄이기 위해 단어내에서의 전이뿐만 아니라 단어간의 전이를 모델링하는 context-dependent (CD)단위를 사용한다. 모든 경우에서 각 단어의 첫 음소는 앞에 올 수 있는 모든 단어의 마지막 음소에 의해 지정되며, 각 단어의 마지막 음소도 유사한 방법으로 지정된다. Hidden Markov model (HMM) 파라미터들의 강인성을 개선하기 위해 공분산 행렬을 평활화한다. 또한 음성 단위들 사이의 분별력을 높이기 위해 position-dependent 단위를 사용한다. 실험 결과들은 개선된 조음결합 모델을 사용함으로서 intra-word 단위만을 사용하는 기본 인식 시스템에 비해 성능을 상당히 개선할 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.247-263
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• 1994

This study is concerned with the slsl 瑟瑟. The identity, origins of the word, kinds, the place of production, and the sues of he sl sl were examined. The world sl sl means the sapphire. The Chinese word se se(seh seh), 瑟瑟 was derived from the Hebrew word, she she meaning marble. The use, meaning and the phonetic value of the sl sl between the Chinese and the Hebrew were the same each other. It indicates that the Chinese word se se(seh seh) was the transliteration of the Hebrew word she she. The sl sl were produced in the Middle East Asia and the sl sl used in ancient China was mainly originated from the Middle East Asia. The sl sl of Silla was also the sapphire and it was an article of the imported goods from the Middle East Asia. Women of Jin gol(true bone) were not use the sl sl as a material to decorate for their combs and headdresses. Also women of yuk du pum (six du pum) were prohibited to use the sl sl as a material for their combs. It indicates that the privilege to use the sl sl for a comb and in a head dress was restricted to the queen in Silla and it remained as a symbol of nobility and dignity.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2011

It has been posited that in English, native listeners use the Metrical Segmentation Strategy (MSS) for the segmentation of continuous speech. Strong syllables tend to be perceived as potential word onsets for English native speakers, which is due to the high proportion of strong syllables word-initially in the English vocabulary. This study investigates whether Koreans employ the same strategy when segmenting speech input in English. Word-spotting experiments were conducted using vowel-initial and consonant-initial bisyllabic targets embedded in nonsense trisyllables in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. The effect of strong syllable was significant in the RT (reaction times) analysis but not in the error analysis. In both experiments, Korean listeners detected words more slowly when the word-initial syllable is strong (stressed) than when it is weak (unstressed). However, the error analysis showed that there was no effect of initial stress in Experiment 1 and in the item (F2) analysis in Experiment 2. Only the subject (F1) analysis in Experiment 2 showed that the participants made more errors when the word starts with a strong syllable. These findings suggest that Koran listeners do not use the Metrical Segmentation Strategy for segmenting English speech. They do not treat strong syllables as word beginnings, but rather have difficulties recognizing words when the word starts with a strong syllable. These results are discussed in terms of intonational properties of Korean prosodic phrases which are found to serve as lexical segmentation cues in the Korean language.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.123-143
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• 2018

The domestic multiplex industry provides consumers with a choice of movies and a variety of contents and entertainment facilities and services. In addition, the number of movie theaters with the significant market potential is also steadily increasing in the competitive multiplex market environment. For the analysis, we conducted research on 300 adolescents who have experienced using domestic multiplex mobile service within the recent year. This study examined the structural relationship among the multi-dimensional mobile service quality of multiple, enjoyment of use, and online word of mouth intention. Also, it explored the mediating effect of enjoyment of use and the moderating effect of gender in the structural model. As a result, the mobile service quality of multiplex has a significant effect on the online word of mouth intention through the enjoyment of use. However, there was no moderating effect of gender of participating adolescents in the relationships. Based on the analysis of empirical results, this study discussed a series of theocratical and practical implications for the marketing strategies of multiplex in the highly competitive market.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

This study investigated whether native Korean listeners could use visual cues for the identification of the English consonants /b/ and /v/. Both auditory and audiovisual tokens of word minimal pairs in which the target phonemes were located in word-initial or word-medial position were used. Participants were instructed to decide which consonant they heard in $2{\times}2$ conditions: cue (audio-only, audiovisual) and location (word-initial, word-medial). Mean identification scores were significantly higher for audiovisual than audio-only condition and for word-initial than word-medial condition. Also, according to signal detection theory, sensitivity, d', and response bias, c were calculated based on both hit rates and false alarm rates. The measures showed that the higher identification rate in the audiovisual condition was related with an increase in sensitivity. There were no significant differences in response bias measures across conditions. This result suggests that native Korean speakers can use visual cues while identifying confusing non-native phonemic contrasts. Visual cues can enhance non-native speech perception.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2022

This paper is a study on context-sensitive spelling error correction and uses the Korean WordNet (KorLex)[1] that defines the relationship between words as a graph to improve the performance of the correction[2] based on the vector information of the word embedded in the correction technique. The Korean WordNet replaced WordNet[3] developed at Princeton University in the United States and was additionally constructed for Korean. In order to learn a semantic network in graph form or to use it for learned vector information, it is necessary to transform it into a vector form by embedding learning. For transformation, we list the nodes (limited number) in a line format like a sentence in a graph in the form of a network before the training input. One of the learning techniques that use this strategy is Deepwalk[4]. DeepWalk is used to learn graphs between words in the Korean WordNet. The graph embedding information is used in concatenation with the word vector information of the learned language model for correction, and the final correction word is determined by the cosine distance value between the vectors. In this paper, In order to test whether the information of graph embedding affects the improvement of the performance of context- sensitive spelling error correction, a confused word pair was constructed and tested from the perspective of Word Sense Disambiguation(WSD). In the experimental results, the average correction performance of all confused word pairs was improved by 2.24% compared to the baseline correction performance.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.195-222
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• 2017

오늘날의 경제는 모든 영역의 경계가 허물어짐에 따라 서로 다른 산업 간의 융복합화가 활발해지며 이는 모바일, 소셜 네트워크 서비스 등의 혁신을 이루어내고 있다. 이러한 기술혁명가운데 모바일과 인터넷의 장점을 결합하여 금융과 IT의 업무를 손쉽게 처리할 수 있는 오늘날 새로운 기술을 핀테크라 하며 이러한 핀테크는 금융을 의미하는 파이낸스(Finance)와 기술을 의미하는 테크놀로지(Technology)의 합성어이다. 이에 본 연구는 핀테크 이용 동기(유용성, 즐거움)가 이용자 태도, 구전의도에 미치는 영향의 전반적인 구조적 관계에 대하여 살펴보았다. 이와 더불어 혁신저항 성향에 따라 핀테크 이용 동기, 이용자 태도, 구전 의도는 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 또한, 메시지 유형(이성적, 감성적)에 따라 핀테크 이용 동기, 이용자 태도, 구전 의도는 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 한편, 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째로, 핀테크 이용 동기요인의 유용성과 즐거움은 사용자태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 이용자 태도 또한 구전의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째로, 핀테크 이용 동기, 이용자 태도, 구전의도간의 관계는 소비자들의 혁신저항에 따라 차이가 나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째로, 핀테크 이용 동기, 이용자 태도, 구전의도간의 관계는 메시지 유형(이성적, 감성적)에 따라 차이가 나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 연구의 결론 부분에서는 연구결과의 요약, 시사점 및 한계점, 그리고 향후 연구방향에 대해서 기술하였다.