• 제목/요약/키워드: word per minute

검색결과 5건 처리시간 0.024초

과업에 따른 학령전기($5{\sim}7$세) 아동의 구어속도에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Speech Rates of 5- to 7-Year-old Children Depending upon their Tasks)

  • 신명선;안종복
    • 말소리와 음성과학
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    • 제1권3호
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    • pp.163-168
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    • 2009
  • This study investigated the determination of speech rates, words per minute (WPM) and syllables per minute (SPM), of $5{\sim}7$ year-old normal children to understand if there are any differences in the rates according to the children's age and sex. All participants were required to conduct story retelling tasks (SRT) and picture description tasks (PDT). In SRT, there was a significant difference between the groups of 5 year-old and 7 year-old children on WPM. However, there was no significant difference between the groups of ages regarding SPM. In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups according to sex on WPM and SPM. In PDT, there was no significant difference between the groups according to their ages and sex on WPM and SPM. The current research found that the speech rates of the preschool children might be somewhat different in their utterance abilities according to their age, but there was no obvious difference according to their sex. The findings can advance development of a clinical tool to screen children with fluency disorders and to determine the steps in establishing speech rates of children in the language development period.

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정상 성인의 말속도 및 유창성 연구 (A Study af Speech Rate and Fluency in Narmal Speakers)

  • 신문자;한숙자
    • 음성과학
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.159-168
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the speech rate, fluency and the type of dysfluencies of normal adults in order to provide a basic data of normal speaking. The number of subjects of this study were 30(14 females and 16 males), and their ages ranged 17 to 36. The rate was measured as syllables per minute (SPM). The speech rates in reading ranged 273-426 with a mean of 348 SPM and in speaking ranges 118-409 (mean=265). The average of their fluencies was 99.1% in reading and 96.9% in speaking. The rater reliability of speech rate in the data assessed by video was very high (r=0.98) and the rater reliability of speech fluency was moderately high (r=0.67). The disfluency types were also analysed from 150 disfluency episodes. Syllable repetition and word interjection were the most common disfluent types.

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초등학교 저학년 읽기부진아를 위한 읽기중재프로그램의 효과 (The Effectiveness of Reading Intervention on At-Risk Children in First through Third Grade)

  • 김명순;박찬화
    • 아동학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.301-319
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    • 2008
  • This study investigated the effectiveness of reading intervention on at-risk readers from first through third grade. The 34 children below the 20th percentile on an oral reading fluency test participated in the reading intervention program for 15 weeks. They received small group instruction in one 40-minute session per week. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, paired t-test and effect size for individual cases. Upon completion of the intervention, at-risk first graders showed significantly higher performance in print concept, word recognition, oral reading fluency and reading comprehension. The at-risk second and third graders improved only in oral reading fluency. Most of children who received the intervention demonstrated a large effect in oral reading fluency.

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고인들은 1분에 9회 빈도의 호흡을 하였는가? : "일만삼천오백식(一萬三千五白息)"에 대한 고찰 (Do ancient people have 9 breaths per minute respiratory rate?)

  • 김기왕
    • 대한한의진단학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2017
  • Objectives Some major Chinese medical classics like Huangdineijing (黃帝內經) and Nanjing (難經) assert that a normal person breaths 13,500 times every day. It's just half of real breathing cycles of human. So I tried to find a reasonable explanation to solve this conflict between truth and literal description. Materials and methods To find breath count descriptions in Chinese ancient books, I used Kanseki Repository (http://kanripo.org/). To find precedent research on this topic, I used China National Knowledge Infrastructure (http://cnki.net). Results 33 books refers to human breath cycles for a day, and most of them introduce 13,500 as human breathing frequency of one day. Some recent papers on Laoguanshan (老官山) Western Han dynasty manuscripts show new clues on this topic. Conclusion I assume that 13,500 cycles, the incorrect human breathing frequency of a day, might be originated from adjusting the meaning and usage of the word "Xi (息)".

25BAR급 바이오가스 고압 압축공급시스템 상세설계 (Detailed Design for 25bar-class Biogas Compression Supplying System)

  • 허광범;박정극;윤은영;이정빈
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.173.1-173.1
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    • 2011
  • The high fuel flexibility of gas turbine power system has boosted their use in a wide variety of applications. Recently, the demand for biogas generated from the digestion of organic wastes and sewage waste water as a fuel for gas turbines has increased. We investigated the performance of high pressure biogas compression system and operating conditions for supplying biogas. The total flow per minute of biogas from food waste water digestion tank is $54Nm^3$. The main type of biogas compression system is the reciprocating system and screw type system. The target of biogas mechanical data is the as belows; inlet pressure 0.045bar, supplying biogas temperature is $30{\sim}60^{\circ}C$, and final pressure is above the 25 bar. Also, inlet conditions of biogas consist of CH4 48.5%~83%, $H_2S$ Max. 500ppm, $NH_3$ Max. 1,500ppm and Siloxane 2.7~4.6ppm. The boosting Blower system raises a pressure from 0.045bar to 1bar before main compressor. The main system lay out of reciprocating consisits of compressor driver, filter, cooling system, blowdown vessel, control system and ESD(Emergency Shut Down) system. And an enclosure package needs to be installed for reducing noise up to 75dB. The system driver is the electronic motor of explosion proof type. Forthe compressor system reliable operation, the cleaning system something like particulate filter needs to be set up in the inlet of compressor and Coalescing Filter in the outlet of compressor. Particulate Filter has to be removed above $10{\mu}m$ size of the particles in biogas. The coalescing filter(Micofine Borosilicate Glass Fibers Filter treated phenol acid) also removes moisture and oil of above $0.3{\mu}m$ to be involved in high pressure biogas up to 90%~98%.

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