• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 최근 조경 및 건축자재로서 각광받고 있는 합성목재의 화재위험성을 알아보기 위하여 콘칼로리미터 실험과 연기밀도 실험 장치를 이용하여 연기밀도 특성을 살펴보았다. 일반목재인 적송과 방부처리를 한 방부목에 대하여도 동일한 실험을 통하여 합성목재와의 연기밀도 특성을 비교하였다. 콘칼로리미터 실험결과 CO 및 $CO_2$ 발생량과 총 연기 발생량 값은 적송 및 방부목에 비해 합성목재가 높게 나타났다. 또한 연기밀도 실험 장치를 통한 최대연기밀도(Dm) 결과에서도 합성목재가 적송 및 방부목에 비해 높게 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1998

The contents of holocellulose, one of the main components of the wood, were 83.9% in oak wood and 76.9% in apple wood, respectively. Those of hemicellulose were 16.41 and 20.33%, and in lignin 23.0 and 19.7%, respectively. Six species of domestic oak wood and apple wood were considered to be suitable for smoking materials due to the low content of lignin. Benzo(a)pyrene contents in smoke flavoring prepared with oak wood at 150, 400 and 500$^{\circ}C$ were 0. 4, 3. 7 and 5.6$\mu\textrm{g}$,/kg, respectively. The amounts of phenanthrene were 112.7, 131.4 and 255.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively, in each temperature. The amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in smoke flavory were in the order of phenanthrene＞anthracene＞pyrene＞benzo(a)anthracene＞chrysene＞benzo(b)fluoranthens＞benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene contents in smoking extracts prepared with apple wood at 150, 400 and 500$^{\circ}C$ were 0.4, 3.3 and 5.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively. Phenanthrene contents in those samples were 72.7, 100.2 and 220.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively. Contents of each PAH showed the same order as in oak wood.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2014

신경망은 연기입자의 광학적 특징으로부터 화원을 분석할 수 있는 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다. UL268에서 연기감지기 시험에 사용되는 세 가지 화원(종이화원, 목재화원, 인화성 액체화원)들의 광학적 특징으로 신경망을 훈련시켰다. 또한, 소광과 산란을 동시에 측정할 수 있는 연기챔버를 제작하여 연기의 광학적 특징을 얻고 그 결과를 신경망에 입력하였다. 종이화원, 목재화원, 인화성 액체화원을 대상으로 한 실험에서 신경망은 화원을 정확하게 구별하였다. 또한, 종이-목재화원, 종이-인화성 액체화원, 목재-인화성 액체화원과 같은 복합화원을 대상으로 한 실험에서도 화원을 모두 구별하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

The fire testing performed for smoke detector model approval in Korea tests only one kind of fire smoke. A photoelectric spot-type smoke detector using Mie scattering is affected by the wavelength of light beam and the particle diameter. According to UL (Underwriters Laboratories Inc.) 268 standard, this paper analyze the characteristic of the response for a photoelectric spot-type smoke detector on sale in Korea using various fire smokes. Probability that the response time is included in non-defective range is 100% in paper fire, 90% in wood fire and 75% in flammable liquid fire, 90% in wood fire and 75% in flammable liquid fire. According to the estimation for population mean of the response time choosing a confidence level of 99%, a maximum of 19% for wood fire and that of 38% for flammable liquid fire are defective. As the result of analysis of smoke particle, this paper is found that these results are caused by the smoke particles are wide variations in size or have very black.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2004

왕겨 분말을 가연성 담체로 첨가하여 분상, 과립상 및 봉상의 fenarimol 훈연제를 제제하고 제형이 훈연제의 연소성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 가연성 담체로 목분을 사용한 목분 훈연제의 연소성을 조사하고 왕겨 훈연제와 비교하였다. 왕겨 분말을 가연성 담체로 한 fenarimol 훈연제(3%)는 분말, 과립 및 막대 모양으로 성형할 수 있었으며, 염소산나트륨 첨가비가 11% 이상일 때 모두 연속적으로 연소하였다. 형상과 무관하게 모두 염소산나트륨 첨가비가 13%인 훈연제의 훈연율이 가장 높았으며, 분상 훈연제(64.5%) < 과립훈연제(78.4%) < 봉상 훈연제(90.9%) 순으로 훈연율이 증가하였다. 봉상 훈연제는 과립훈연제보다 점화가 특히 용이하고 강도와 훈연율이 우수하였다. 목분을 가연성 담체로 사용한 훈연제는 방염 성분을 함유하여 연소 시간이 매우 길어지는 특성이 있어서 훈연제보다 서서히 연소하는 훈증제용 담체로 더 적합하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Indonesian log production is dominated by young trees harvested from plantation forests. The timber contains of sapwood and juvenile wood, which are not resistant to termite attack. Smoking treatment can enhance wood resistance to termite attack, but it also changes the color. Specimens of mangium (Acacia mangium) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) wood were exposed for 1, 2, and 3 weeks to smoke produced from the pyrolysis of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) wood. The color change of the wood was measured using the CIELab method. In addition, wood specimens were exposed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) under laboratory conditions. Untreated and imidacloprid-preserved wood samples were also prepared for comparison purposes. The results showed that the color of smoked wood differed from that of untreated wood, and the color change for sengon was greater than for mangium. In addition, the 1-week smoking period changed the wood color less than the 2- and 3-week periods, which did not differ. Imidacloprid-preserved wood had distinctive color changes compared to untreated wood. Untreated mangium wood had moderate resistance to subterranean termite attack (resistance class III), while sengon had very poor resistance (resistance class V). Salam wood smoke enhanced wood resistance to termite attack, and smoke treatment of 1 week for mangium and 2 weeks for sengon resulted in the wood becoming very resistant (resistance class I). Both types of smoked wood were more resistant to subterranean termite attack than imidacloprid-preserved wood (average class II resistance).

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cigarette papers, flax and wood, on the delivery of mainstream smoke. The main components of cigarette papers were cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. Lignin contents, known as precursor of smoke's phenolic compounds, of the flax and wood cigarette papers were 5.8% and 10.6%, respectively. The pyrolysis products of cigarette papers were similar by the profile of total ion chromatogram. But, the area % of some components, such as 1,3-cyclopentanedione, 3,5- dimethyl cyclopentane-1,2-dione, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone, dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 3-methyl-2(5H)-fruanone, and 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde delivered through pyrolysis of the flax cigarette paper were higher than that of wood cigarette paper. Otherwise, the area % of some components, such as 2-methyl-cyclopentene-l-one), 2,3-butanedione, 2-cyclopentene-l-one, and 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-furaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde delivered through pyrolvsis of the wood cigarette paper were higher than that of flax cigarette paper. To identify the difference between two cigarette papers, we used the cigarette column filled with the cut cigarette paper instead of the cut tobacco leaf. The amounts of semi-volatile fraction delivered from flax cigarette paper was more than that of wood cigarette paper. But, by using the cut tobacco, there was no big difference of delivery amount between flax and wood cigarette papers. Also, aroma of TPM by collecting from brening cut tobacco wrapped in flax and wood papers showed a different pattern by the electonic nose system. Although the difference between two cigarette papers by using the cut tobacco was smaller than that of cut cigarette paper, this result indicated that the fax and wood had the different effects on the delivery of smoke components as shown in the sensory test results.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2016

In this paper which was performed to bring public attention to the need for developing an photoelectric smoke detector that detects smokes emitted from diverse fire sources, it was confirmed that the photoelectric smoke detector may not respond to certain smoke types depending on the size and color of smoke particles. The test was performed on a photoelectric smoke detector which is being used generally for specific fire targets specified in UL268, including paper fire, wood fire and flammable liquid fire, while the actual response performance of the fire detector, as well as respective smoke particles collected from different fire source which were photographed with a SEM(Scanning electron microscope) were analyzed in the test for this study.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1974

1. In the past, the smoke-pipe type dry kiln being characterized by the low cost of installation and easy operation was only used by the small scale of wood processing enterprisers for drying softwood and finishing air-dried stocks that were belonged to easy drying properties. The smoke-pipe type dry kiln usually was not suitable for drying hardwoods and green woods because of the difficulties of controlling drying conditions. 2. However, the smoke-pipe type dry kiln heated with smokeless coal which was designed and constructed by the authers was demonstrated to maintain higher accuracy of controlling temperature and humidity than the other smillar types of kiln. Also, since it was constructed with home made equipments, it is supposed to offer the opportunity to install the kiln by the small scale of wood processing enterprisers who could not install the dry kiln because of economical and technical difficulties. Thus, it is expected that promoting the spread of installing the dry kiln will realize the rational use of wood.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

본 연구는 건축 및 내구재용 목재인 편백 목재에 붕소/실리콘 졸 화합물을 처리한 후 화재위험성을 연기 유해성에 대하여 연기성능지수(SPI), 연기성장지수(SGI)와 연기강도(SI)를 중심으로 조사하였다. 화합물은 Tetraethoxyorthosilicate를 Boronic acid와 Boric acid 유도체와 반응시켜 합성하였다. 연기 특성은 편백목재에 대하여 Cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) 장비를 이용하여 조사하였다. 화재강도는 50 kW/㎡의 외부 열 유속(External heat flux)으로 고정시켰다. 연소 반응 후 측정된 연기성능지수는 편백목재와 비교하여 13.4~126.7% 증가하였다. 연기성능지수에 의한 화재위험성은 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si 순서로 감소하였다. 연기성장지수는 편백목재와 비교하여 12.0~57.5% 감소하였다. 연기성장지수에 의한 화재위험성은 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si 순서로 낮아졌다. 연기강도에 의한 화재위험성은 3.2~57.8% 감소하였으며 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si 순서로 낮아졌다. CO_peak 농도는 85~93 ppm였으며 공시편과 비교하여 37~43% 감소하였다. 화재위험성을 연기유해성에 대해 종합적으로 평가하면 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si순서로 낮아졌다.