• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.244-251
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• 2011

The combustion characteristics were evaluated for Japanese Red Pine (Pinus Densiflora) and Korean Pine (Pinus Koraensis). These two species are widely used as building member of Korea-style house and volume density of Japanese Red Pine is relatively higher than that of Korean Pine. The combustion characteristics are closely connected with volume density. The differences of two species in both total heat release (THR) and average heat release rate (HRR) seemed to be resulted from the volume density. Toxicity of smoke from the specimens was increased because of fire-retardant treatment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This study the effect of pyrolysis products ABC dry chemical and of monoammonium phosphate on wood surface. When the pyrolysis product was removed from the wood surface, monoammonium phosphate was removed due to the high viscosity of the transparent pyrolysis product, but the ABC dry chemical was removed in a lump form. Thermal analysis showed that the pyrolysis characteristics of each sample were similar but the weight of pyrolysis residue was 55.9% for ABC dry chemical and 25.2% for monoammonium phosphate. The additives added to the ABC dry chemical also affect the weight of the pyrolysis residue and the fire protection effect of metaphosphoric acid.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.274-285
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• 2015

Wood carving has been extremely widely practiced, but survives much less well than the other main materials, being vulnerable to decay, insect damage, and fire. It therefore forms an important hidden element in the art history of many cultures. Even though wood is less durable than either steel or stone, it has been used for a long time due to its usefulness. Wood has a lot of benefits. So people have used wood for materials in houses, trains, cars, bridges, and simple utilities in their ways according to their own religions, climates, and environment they are living in. Nowadays, there are wood products that are made up for its weaknesses and this has made wood be used in variety fields. Moreover, wood has been widely selected materials for sculptures, interior, and also for architecture thanks to its colors and textures. Wood has helped our life more abundant and beautiful.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Shredded waste newspapers, waste acrylic raw fibers, and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives, at 10% by weight on raw material, were used to produce recycled waste paper-waste acrylic raw fiber composite boards in laboratory scale experiments. The physical and mechanical properties of fire retardant treated recycled waste paper-waste acrylic raw fiber composite boards were examined to investigate the possibility of using the composites as internal finishing materials with specific gravities of 0.8 and 1.0, containing 5, 10, 20, and 30(wt.%) of waste acrylic raw fiber and 10, 15, 20, and 25(wt.%) of fire retardant (inorganic chemical, FR-7^®) using the fabricating method used by commercial fiberboard manufacturers. The bending modulus of rupture increased as board density increased, decreased as waste acrylic raw fiber content increased, and also decreased as the fire retardant content increased. Mechanical properties were a little inferior to medium density fiberboard (MDF) or hardboard (HB), but significantly superior to gypsum board (GB) and insulation board (IB). The incombustibility of the fire retardant treated composite board increased on increasing the fire retardant content. The study shows that there is a possibility that composites made of recycled waste paper and waste acrylic raw fiber can be use as fire retardant internal finishing materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.58-62
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• 2007

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2019

Experimental and numerical studies on the fire characteristics according to the distance between the fire source and sidewall under the over-ventilated fire conditions. A 1/3 reduced ISO 9705 room was constructed and spruce wood cribs were used as fuel. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was used for fire simulations to understand the phenomenon inside the compartment. As a result, the mass loss rate and heat release rate were increased due to the thermal feedback effect of the wall in the compartment fire compared to the open fire. As the distance between the fire source and sidewall was reduced, the major fire characteristics, such as maximum mass loss rate, heat release rate, fire growth rate, temperature, and heat flux, were increased despite the limitations of air entrainment into the flame. In particular, a significant change in these physical quantities was observed for the case of a fire source against the sidewall. In addition, the vertical distribution of temperature was changed considerably due to a change in the flow structure inside the compartment according to the distance between the fire source and sidewall.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

In this study, boron/silicon sol compounds were applied to wood for construction and durable materials, and fire risks were investigated in terms of smoke performance index (SPI), smoke growth index (SGI), and smoke intensity (SI). The compound was synthesized by reacting tetraethoxyorthosilicate with boric acid and boronic acid derivatives. Smoke characteristics were investigated using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) equipment for cypress wood. The fire intensity fixed the external heat flux at 50 kW/㎡. The smoke performance index measured after the combustion reaction increased between 13.4% and 126.7% compared with cypress wood. The fire risk due to the smoke performance index decreased in the order of cypress, phenylboronic acid/silicon sol (PBA/Si), (2-methylpropyl) boronic acid/silicon sol (IBBA/Si), boric acid/silicon sol (BA/Si). The smoke growth index decreased between 12.0% and 57.5% compared to the base specimen. The risk of fire caused by the smoke growth index decreased in the order of cypress, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si. The fire risk due to smoke intensity decreased between 3.2% and 57.8%, and in the order of cypress, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si. CO_peak concentrations ranged between 85 and 93 ppm, and decreased between 37% and 43% compared to the base specimen. A comprehensive assessment of the fire risk on smoke hazards decreased in the order of cypress, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

In this study, the extinguishing performance evaluation of wetting agent for wood crib was conducted by using a scale model equipment that we designed. To confirm the optimal conditions of the experiment, a test was changed amount of fire extinguishing water and the number of timber. As a result, the discrimination of the fire extinguishing performance was seen only when 20 pieces of wood and the extinguishing water of 100 mL were used. After evaluating the extinguishing performance of domestic and foreign wetting extinguishing agents under these conditions, a reignition was occurred in only when we used water. In addition, the discrimination of extinguishing performance was seen through the temperature distribution according to the time of watering. Based on the results of this experiment, this study is expected to be able to use as a basis on presenting a method of optimized performance evaluation of wetting extinguishing agent.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.330-341
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• 2017

Tropical forests play a key role for functioning of the planet and maintenance of life. These forests support more than half of the world's species, serve as regulators of global and regional climate, act as carbon sinks and provide valuable ecosystem services. Forest floor biomass and litterfall dynamics was measured in different sites influenced by fire in a seasonally dry tropical forest of Bhoramdeo wildlife sanctuary of Chhattisgarh, India. The forest floor biomass was collected randomly placed quadrats while the litterfall measured by placing stone-block lined denuded quadrat technique. The seasonal mean total forest floor biomass across the fire regimes varied from $2.00-3.65t\;ha^{-1}$. The total litterfall of the study sites varied from $4.75-7.56t\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Annual turnover of litter varied from 70-74% and the turnover time between 1.35-1.43 years. Monthly pattern of forest floor biomass indicated that partially decayed litter, wood litter and total forest floor were differed significantly. The seasonal variation showed that leaf fall differed significantly in winter season only among the fire regimes while the wood litter was found non significant in all the season. This study shows that significant variation among the site due to the forest fire. Decomposition is one of the ecological processes critical to the functioning of forest ecosystems. The decomposing wood serves as a saving account of nutrients and organic materials in the forest floor. Across the site, high fire zone was facing much of the deleterious effects on forest floor biomass and litter production. Control on such type of wildfire and anthropogenic ignition could allow the natural recovery processes to enhance biological diversity. Chronic disturbances do not provide time for ecosystem recovery; it needs to be reduced for ecosystem health and maintaining of the high floral and faunal biodiversity.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.54-63
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to test the adaptability of the CO sensor as a fire detector by analyzing its sensing characteristics on fire. In order to test the applicability, we designed and made a fire testing ground whose size is similar to that regulated by UL 268, carried out real fire tests suggested by UL 268, and conducted a comparison analysis on the sensing characteristics between the CO sensor and a photoelectric smoke detector by different types of fire source. The experiment result to the sensing characteristics of the CO sensor is about twice to three times faster than that of the photoelectric smoke detector, proceeding with incomplete combustion such as paper and wood fire source in the initial fire. Especially in case of wood smoldering fire, sensing characteristics of the CO sensor is very excellent.