• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-28
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• 1999

Broadly speaking, this paper is concentrated on the trimming of the wood demanded for the palace, constructed in the 2nd half of the Choseon Dynasty. To be concrete, this is the study on the craftman and craftmanship corncerned with the trimming of the wood, its system, and terms of payment of his wages, Construction reports, financial reports, job slips, written estimates, bills for payment, and other documents in those days are examined for the study. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. 1) The operation system of whole construction office and its suboffice was very specialized and systematized from the early 19th century. 2) The craftman engaged in trimming of the wood was subdivided by work function. 3) The craftman for its first trimming, i.e. 'keojang' or 'seonjang' had been treated as a speacial labor recruited to the mid-l8th century, after that, was enrolled into the craftman. 4) A unit cost of its first trimming was firstly appropriated into the reconstruction of the Kyongwoon Palace in the early 20th century, and it was very subdivided for a personnel management. 5) Contract works were widely applied to all workers engaged in the reconstruction for an efficiency of the accomplishments.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.29-30
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• 2023

Wood is a construction material that has the advantages of carbon dioxide storage ability, noise reflection, and eco-friendliness. In order to use wood for a long time, you must use wood-specific paint, which is called oil stain. Oil stain improves water resistance and moisture resistance, but has the disadvantage of being weak against fire. This is because the oil contained in the oil stain causes a chemical reaction, and this chemical reaction causes the oil stain to spontaneously ignite, igniting nearby combustible materials and causing frequent fires. To improve this, in this study, different flame retardants were mixed and added to oil stain to produce functional oil stain. In addition, we would like to apply it to wood to check glow time and carbonization area. As a result of the experiment, it shows the best performance when mixed at 30(15 + 15)(%) and added to oil stain. The remaining burn time is satisfied from 10% for all samples, and the carbonized area is satisfied when it is 30%.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.219-234
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• 2012

Tuned vibration control in aeroelasticity of slender wood bridges is treated in present paper. The approach suggested takes into account multiple functions in aeroelastic analysis and flutter of slender wood bridges subjected to laminar and turbulent wind flow. Tuned vibration control approach is presented with application on actual bridge. Some results obtained are discussed.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2022

이 연구에서는 목재칩 열병합발전소 바닥재를 잔골재로 활용한 모르타르 및 콘크리트 특성을 평가하고자 부순 잔골재 대용으로서 목재칩 골재대체율과 물시멘트비에 따른 모르타르 특성과 목재칩 골재대체율에 따른 콘크리트의 특성을 비교 및 평가하였다. 목재칩 골재 대체율에 따른 시멘트 모르타르의 플로우는 목재칩 골재 대체율이 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 보이고, 압축강도와 휨강도는 목재칩 골재 대체율이 높아질수록 증가하였다. 콘크리트의 슬럼프와 공기량은 골재 대체율이 높아질수록 증가하고, 콘크리트의 압축강도와 인장강도는 목재칩 골재 대체율이 증가할수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 이에, 열병합발전소로 인하여 발생하는 바닥재를 콘크리트용 잔골재로 활용하는 방안의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2011

In Korea, there has been a traditional post and beam wood construction with large roof load. Because a large friction is generated in wooden joint or members, it is important to evaluate the friction between wood members according to wood direction. Because most of studies have been concerned with friction between wood and steel, excluding effect of real area of contact, there are a few studies on the friction between wood members. The object of this study was to evaluate friction or coefficient of friction according to normal force and real area of contact of wood. With Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) test specimens, five steps of normal force and combinations of test were prepared. Results indicated that normal force had almost no affection on the friction, however there was difference about friction or coefficient of friction according to real contact conditions of wood grain and contact area.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2020

Professionals who work in the realm of tall building design and construction are well aware that high-rises are the best solution for accommodating growing urban populations. Until recently, few would have thought to include tall wood buildings as part of that solution, but there is growing awareness that tall mass timber structures can help satisfy the need for density while addressing the need-equally urgent-for a more sustainable built environment. This paper examines the trend toward tall wood buildings in the United States, including their history and international influences, market drivers, structural performance, and economic viability, as well as building code changes that allow wood structures up to 18 stories. It highlights examples of mass timber projects, with an emphasis on benefits that impact return on investment.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2003년도 학술.기술논문 발표회
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• pp.73-76
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• 2003

Recently, as the alternatives to preserve environment such as effective usage of wastes or unusable resources are drawing attentions, researches and measures for the two tasks, which are reuse of waste wood and development of eco-friendly materials, are being examined and established in various fields. However, they are still insufficient. Therefore, in this study, for the efficient application of waste woods and eco-friendly effects, mortar was produced using sawdust as the waste wood and mineral material cement for combination, in order to produce inorganic boards using waste woods, which were made when sawing. This study attempted to suggest a basic material about the physical properties of mortar, which used waste woods, after examining the features of wood mixture rate, water-cement rate, congelation according to the mixture rate of the setting accelerator, specific gravity, compression intensity, and bending intensity as experiment factors.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

The concept of horizontal shear connection utilization on wood-concrete beams intends to be an alternative connection detail for composite wood-concrete decks. The volume of sawn-wood is over three times more expensive than concrete, in Brazil. In order to be competitive in the Brazilian market we need a composite deck with the least amount of wood and a simple and inexpensive connection detail. This research project uses medium to high density tropical hardwoods managed from the Brazilian Amazon region and construction steel rods. The beams studied are composed of a bottom layer of staggered wood boards and a top layer of concrete. The wood members are laterally nailed together to form a wide beam, and horizontal rebar connectors are installed before the concrete layer is applied on top. Two sets of wood-concrete layered beams with horizontal rebar connectors (6 and 8) were tested in third-point loading flexural bending. The initial results reveal medium composite efficiency for the beams tested. An improvement on the previously conceived connection detail (set with six connectors) for the composite wood-concrete structural floor system was achieved by the set with eight connectors. The new layout of the horizontal rebar connectors added higher composite efficiency for the beams tested. Further analysis with advanced rigorous numerical Finite Element Modeling is suggested to optimize the connection parameters. Composite wood-concrete decks can attend a large demand for pedestrian bridges, as well as residential and commercial slabs in the Brazilian Amazon.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2011

침엽수 구조재인 S.P.F 수종을 마이크로파로 단시간에 급속 건조시켜 액상의 인산염계 방염약제에 시간별로 침지시킨 후 2차 마이크로파 가열을 한 다음 3.8cm의 두께에서 1cm를 압축시켜 방염 후 처리물품 시험과 내구성 시험을 실시한 결과 1차 마이크로파 적정 가열시간은 5kW에서 7분 동안 가열할 경우 목표 함수율(4~5%)을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 인산염계 방염약제에 침지, 건조 후 3kW로 9분 동안 가열시켜 연화된 상태에서 압축된 목재의 함수율 측정결과 시험편 모두 외부용 목재의 적정 함수율인 12~14%의 범위를 만족하는 것으로 나타났다 또한 압축된 목재의 방염후 처리물품 시험을 통한 방염성능은 방염약제에 30분간 침지된 시험편이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 압축된 목재의 성능 시험 결과 경도, 못뽑기 저항, 압축, 휨강도, 전단 강도 모두 약 2~3배 이상 역학적 특성이 향상되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2017

This study investigates fire-retardant performances and combustion/thermal characteristics of fire-retardant treated wood by comparing them with those of fire-retardant untreated wood from the expreimental resutls of cone calorimeter and thermo-gravimetric(TG) analyzer. Hazardousness of combustion product gases for fire-retardant treated wood and untreasted wood were also observed from the results of internal finish material incombustibility test according to the Korea standard code of KS F 2271. In this study, we also tried to improve the fire retardant performance of wood by applying fire-retardant chemical composites, and to secure the fire safety performance in buildings. Red pine (Pinus densiflora) was selected as a test specimen because it is mostly used as a building material in Korea. Fire retardant chemical composites (FRCs) were prepared by mixing boron, phosphorous, and nitrogen species and treated by press-impregnation method. Water-based FRCs were composed of 3% boric acid($H_3BO_3$), 3% borax decahydrate($Na_2B_4O_7$), 8% ammonium carbonate($(NH_4)_2CO_3$), diammonium phosphate ($(NH_4)_2HPO_4$) varied from 10-30% and potassium carbonate($K_2CO_3$) varied from 10-30%. From the test results of cone calorimeter, TG analysis and gas hazard assessments, newly proposed were the optimal composition and production methods of FRCs which can sufficiently meet fire-retardant level 3 based on Korea law of construction. Thus, the FRCs, developed in this study, are anticipated to contribute to the improvement of fire safety and widespread of usage in wood as building materials.