• 한국가구학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2016

The idea of Sustainable, first mentioned in "Our Future (Bruntdland)" from the United Nations report released in 1987 has been highly affect design disciplines in developed countries in 21st century. It relocated industrial society and structure's attentions to nature and recourse conservation and reuse. Designed and manufactured products eventually disposed and it leads to waste of resources as well as creates environmental issues. Unfortunately, vast majority of designers starts designing without anticipation of this matter and produce more believing this leads to more sales. However shorter life of a product will create bigger increase of resource consumption and waste than, importance of re-usage and recycle will eventually increase. In modern furniture industry metal and plastics are frequently used beside wood that material has been diverse than in past. However, there are lack of plans and regulations of re-usage of those material due to difficulties of separating each different materials and collecting due to it's size. This study would like to look into recycling rate, methods and usage of three major materials (wood, metal, plastic) that is typically used in current furniture industries. Furthermore, see the potential of sustainable furniture by analyzing furniture practices made by each different recycled material from old furniture and what designers should consider to achieve feasibility of sustainable furniture.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

Kraft oak lignin and ricestraw lignin from acetosolve pulping were dissolved in 50/50 mixture of tetralin/m-cresol solvent. The dissolved lignin was reacted in the pressurized autoclave which was operating at $350{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature and 10~20 atms of reaction pressure respectively_Hydrogen pressure of 60~80kg/$cm^2$ was exercising into the pressurized autoclave reactor to create thermochemical hydrogenolysis reaction. It was identified by GLC, GC-MS and HPLC that the alkyl-aryl-${\beta}$-O-4 ether bond of lignin was cleaved and degraded into various smaller molecules of aromatic compound such as phenols and cresols under the reaction conditions around $300^{\circ}C$ and 10 atms of reaction temoerature and pressure. Hydrogenolysis reaction of lignin compound which was done above $500^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature and 20 atms of reaction pressure showed that the amount of aromatic compound such as phenols and cresols degraded from reactant lignin was decreasing with newly present and increasing water out of product mixtures. It was supposed that new aliphatic compound of high molecular weight hydrocarbon is composed due to higher reaction temperature and pressure of hydrogenolysis reaction such as $500^{\circ}C$ and 20 atms, even though it was almost impossible, to identify what kind of degraded products it was by HPLC.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2022

Use of processed timber can help reduce environmental damage and the economic burden of resources (important problems with use of raw timber) and can meet the needs of various fields where the sensibility of raw timber is required. Veneer wood is positioned as a high-value-added product due to its luxury and beauty, and it is used in various fields as a building-related material, such as interior decoration, furniture, flooring, building interior materials, and lumber. Dyeing is necessary to enhance the aesthetic appearance of this pattern and to expand its use. Therefore, in this study, we compared and analyzed the dye ability of oak-patterned materials with reactive dyes, and evaluated their performance as interior materials. As a result, the oak pattern was dyed with 9 kinds of reactive dyes and a comparative analysis was performed. The most suitable conditions are 50℃, 2 hours, and 0.5% o.w.f. In addition, evaluating resilience to daylight, resilience to rubbing, fire resistance, and flame retardance, yielded results suitable for use as an interior material. In this study, the dyeability of veneer dyed under various conditions using reactive dyes was compared and analyzed the performance as an interior material was evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.43-46
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• 1986

A stainless steel autoclave reactor, which is the property of Pacific Northwest Laboratories(PNL) and located in PNL, was acted for pyrolysis and gasification of sawdust, ricestraw, and ricehusk. The initial reaction temperature of this reactor was 300$^{\circ}C$, and up to 500$^{\circ}C$ to complete pyrolysis and gasification reaction. The maximum exerted pressure on this reactor was 800 psig. In order to examine the effect of catalyst on reaction temperature, $K_2CO_3$, and nickel/alkali carbonate catalyst mixture were also used. The experimental results obtained with this reactor indicated that good yields of methane-rich gas(exceeding 40% methane) can be produced. The product gas mixtures were also identified to be CO. $CO_2$, $C_2H_4$, and $CH_3CHO$ etc. by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2006

Building materials are trending toward environmental materials nowadays and the market share of those is growing. So those researches and developments for environmental property are proceeding now. The main properties of environmental products are far infrared emission, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and anti fungus, these products are used with shape of mortar, and spray on the finish material. But There are not much researches for the concrete, main material in construction field, with those functional properties. So in this research we evaluated slump, compressive strength and air content as basic properties for concrete using functional materials of sericite, wood pattern sand stone, carbon black and nanometric silver solution and functional properties like far infrared emission, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and anti fungus. The results were as follows. The most useful material in the functional materials was carbon black. Sericite and nanometric silver solution had a little effect on functional property, so it was difficult to apply to concrete, and wood pattern sand stone had a high functional property but low compressive strength, can be applied to a factory product. Anti fungus of the concrete using nanometric silver solution was not clear but if those specimens were aged in $CO_2$ gas for a long time it might apparent.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.33-36
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• 2014

Gasification of biomass produces syngas containing CO, $H_2$ and/or $CH_4$, which can then be converted into energy or value-added fuels. One of key issues for efficient gasification is to minimize tar concentration in the syngas for use in a final conversion device such as gas engine. This study investigated the decomposition of primary tar by catalytic cracking using char as catalyst, of which the feature can be integrated into a fixed bed gasifier design. The pyrolysis vapor containing tar from pyrolysis of wood at $500^{\circ}C$ was passed through a reactor filled with or without char at $800^{\circ}C$ for a residence time of 1, 3 or 5 sec. Then, the condensable vapor (water and tar) and gases were analyzed for the yields and elemental composition. Four types of char particles with different microscopic surface area and pore size distribution: wood, paddy straw, palm kernel shell and activated carbon. The results were analyzed for the mass and carbon yields of tar and the composition of product gases to conclude the effects of char types and residence time.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2015

Two white rot fungi, Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010 (CER) and Stereum hirsutum (STH) were used as biocatalysts for the biotransformation of (-)-${\alpha}$-pinene. After 96 hr, CER converted the bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon (-)-${\alpha}$-pinene into ${\alpha}$-terpineol (yield, 0.05 g/L), a monocyclic monoterpene alcohol, in addition to, other minor products. Using STH, verbenone was identified as the major biotransformed product, and minor products were myrtenol, camphor, and isopinocarveol. We did not observe any inhibitory effects of substrate or transformed products on mycelial growth of the fungi. The activities of fungal manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase were monitored for 15 days to determine the enzymatic pathways related to the biotransformation of (-)-${\alpha}$-pinene. We concluded that a complex of enzymes, including intra- and extracellular enzymes, were involved in terpenoid biotransformation by white rot fungi.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권3E호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2006

Environment-friendly materials are increasingly used as building construction materials nowadays, and the market share of those is growing. Accordingly, the research and developments in terms of environmental value are progressing steadily now. The main characteristics of environmental products are far-infrared radiation, negative-ion emission, electromagnetic wave shielding, and antimicrobial property. These products are often used in mortar and as spray on the finishing material. Nevertheless, there are hardly any research on the functional properties of concrete, the main material in construction field. Thus, we evaluated such basic properties of concrete as slump, compressive strength and air content while using such functional materials as sericite, wood-pattern sandstone, carbon black and nano-metric silver solution to focus on their functional properties like far-infrared radiation, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and antimicrobial activity in this research. The results indicated that the most useful material in the functional materials was carbon black. Sericite and nano-metric silver solution had a little effect on the functional property. Moreover, although wood-pattern sandstone had very high functional property, it exhibited too low compressive strength to be applied, to concrete as a factory product. Antimicrobial property of nano-metric silver solution in the concrete was not clear demonstrated, but if these specimens were to be aged in $CO_2$ gas for a long time, it might be apparent.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Wood fibers for medium density fiberboard (MDF) was used in the filler layer of the white duplex board for increasing thickness and bulk of the board. The MDF fibers were treated with ozone (3% based on dry weight of the fibers), and mixed together with OCC (old corrugated container) to form paper. Ozone-treated MDF fibers gave high bulk, high tensile strength, high internal bond and fast drainage to the furnish mixed with OCC. It was shown that there were possibilities to reduced basis weight of the filler layer without loss of thickness, stiffness, and tensile strength. Furthermore, it showed the possibility to develop a new kind of board product that has high stiffness as well as high strength properties with light basis weight by application of the ozone-treated MDF fibers.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of 6 hardwoods before and after heat treatment in an effort to produce the high quality industrial lumber product. The object of the research was to design living products with heat treated woods. The results were as follows. Specific gravities of green woods were in range from 0.87 to 1.12. The specific gravities of never treated woods showed higher than those of the heat treated woods. The shrinkage of heat treated woods when green to air & oven dry was significantly low, compared to never treated woods. The compression strengths parallel to grain of heat treated woods showed higher than those of never treated woods. The moduli of rupture (MOR) of never treated and heat treated woods were $170.37N/mm^2~107.07N/mm^2$ and $122.78N/mm^2~61.27N/mm^2$ respectively. MORs of heat treated woods showed lower than those of never treated woods. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of heat treated woods showed higher than those of never treated woods.