• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.92-97
• /
• 1998

Four urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins were synthesized as a particleboard (PB) binder with the four different initial formaldehyde/urea mole ratio and the final mole ratio of 1.15. The UF resins were characterized according to the standard method of resin adhesive analysis. PBs were manufactured using liquid UF resins at 5 minutes press time and 6% resin solids levels on an ovendry particle weight basis. A total of 20 PBs was fabricated for 5 panel replication per UF resin types. The panels were tested for physical strength properties per the procedure ASTM D 1037. The formaldehyde emission levels from the PBs bonded with the UF resins were tested according to 2-hour desiccator test method ASTM D 5582. There were no significant differences among UF resin types for internal bond strength of PBs. But there were significant differences among UF resin types for formaldehyde emission level of PBs. The results showed that the formaldehyde emission level was influenced by the UF resin types without reducing the adhesive performance.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2006

The viscoelastic properties of blends of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) for engineered flooring used on the Korean traditional ONDOL house floor heating system were investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Because MF resin is a thermosetting adhesive, the effect of MF rein was shown across all thermal behaviors. The addition of PVAc reduced the curing temperature. The DMTA thermogram of MF resin showed that the storage modulus (E') increased as the temperature was further increased as a result of the cross-linking induced by the curing reaction of the resin. The storage modulus (E') of MF resin increased both as a function of increasing temperature and with increasing heating rate. From isothermal DMTA results, peak $T_{tan{\delta}}$ values, maximum value of loss modulus (E") and the rigidities (${\Delta}E$) of MF/PVAc blends at room temperature as a function of open time, peak $T_{tan{\delta}}$ and maximum loss modulus (E") values were found to increase with blend MF content. Moreover, the rigidities of the 70:30 and 50:50 MF/PVAc blends were higher than those of the other blends, especially of 100% PVAc or MF. We concluded that blends the MF/PVAc blend ratios correlate during the adhesion process.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.607-615
• /
• 2015

To investigate the adhesion effect of various kinds and contents of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanates (pMDIs) on adhesion performance, wood adhesives (A-1~5) were synthesized and characterized. As results, when the amount of pMDI increased in adhesives, the dry tensile strength was found to be proportionally increased sustaining at around $16.0{\sim}21.6kgf/cm^2$. The polyurethane (PU) resin, which used M11S as a source of pMDI showed the best wet tensile strength at $11.9kgf/cm^2$ and cyclic boil tensile strength at $8.1kgf/cm^2$, which satisfied the requirement of over $7kgf/cm^2$. Thermal properties of the rice powder (RP) based polyurethane resins were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermal stability of polyurethane resins increased to $250^{\circ}C$ with adding pMDIs. The more pMDI (M5S) was added to adhesive, the higher thermal stability of the resin was observed by TGA.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.240-243
• /
• 1976

리그닌을 알칼리로 活性化시키고 페놀 및 포름알데히드와 反應시켜 새로운 樹脂를 合成하였다. 合成된 樹脂는 木材의 接着劑로 쓸 수 있는 충분한 强度를 가졌음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.528-537
• /
• 2015

폐기물의 재활용을 도모하기 위해 음식점이나 정육점에서 폐기되는 뼈(골분)를 합판용 접착제의 충전제로서 이용 가능성을 검토하였다. 현재 업계에서 합판의 제조에 사용되고 있는 3종의 접착제(UMF, UF 및 PF수지)에 대해 3종의 골분(소골분, 돼지골분 및 조개골분)을 첨가하여 제조한 라티에타파인 합판의 접착성능을 기존의 소맥분과 비교하였다. 3수지에서 모두 소맥분을 전부 소골분, 돼지골분 및 조개골분으로 각각 대체한 합판의 접착성능은 상태나 습윤 강도 및 목파율 모두 소맥분 첨가 합판보다 낮았다. 따라서 소맥분을 전혀 첨가하지 않고 골분으로 모두 대체하는 것은 곤란하였다. 그러나, 소맥분의 절반을 소골분과 돼지골분으로 각각 대체하여 제조한 합판의 성능은 소맥분을 사용한 합판과 거의 동등하거나 오히려 우수한 내수성능을 발휘하여 소맥분과 병용해서 사용하면 충분히 이용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 소맥분과 병용한 경우, 3종의 골분 중에는 조개골분을 첨가하여 제조한 합판 보다는 소골분과 돼지골분을 첨가한 합판의 성능이 우수하였으며, 소골분과 돼지골분 간에는 큰 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.682-690
• /
• 2015

The bonding performance of two types of wood adhesives, namely phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) resin and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin for glued laminated timber manufactured by high frequency (HF) heating was evaluated. The HF heating system consists of HF oscillator with dielectric heating system for curing adhesives, and hydraulic press system for clamping glued laminated timber. The designed frequency and output power of the HF system was as 5 MHz and 60 kW, respectively. To verify dielectric heating mechanism under HF oscillation, the heat loss factors of laminae and adhesives were measured. The results show that it is possible to selectively heat adhesives for their curing due to the remarkably higher loss factor of the adhesives than those of wood laminae. The temperature of adhesive in the bonding line reached up to the set temperature within a few seconds by high frequency oscillating, which advanced the curing of adhesive afterwards. The bonding performance, such as shear strength of bonding line, water soaking delamination, and boiling water soaking delamination of PRF resin met the requirement of Korean Standard (KS), however the MUF resin did not meet the KS requirement of boiling water soaking delamination. These results indicate that the HF heating system is successful to manufacture glued laminated timbers with PRF resins to meet the bonding requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2010

합판의 경우에는 제조 시 접착제가 각 단판의 전체 면에 도포되는 것이 아니라 접착 면에만 도포되므로 접착층을 따라서 접착제가 분포하게 된다. 따라서 섬유판이나 파티클보드의 경우와는 달리 전체 표면을 통하여 포름알데히드가 방산되지 않고 접착층을 따라서 방산된다고 판단되어진다. 따라서 기존의 KS M 1998-4 : 2005 방법으로 포름알데히드방산량을 측정하는 방법이 적절하지 않을 수도 있다고 판단되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 동일한 조건에서 제조한 합판을 4가지 측정 조건에 따라 포름알데히드방산량을 측정하여 이들의 상관관계를 검토하였다. 기존의 전체 표면적을 기준으로 측정하는 방법(KS F 3101-2006)과 일정한 수의 시험편을 이용하는 방법(KS F 3101-1998), 측면 면적만을 이용하는 방법, 그리고 접착층만을 이용하는 방법으로 포름알데히드방산량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 전체 표면적 기준과 시험편의 개수 기준, 측면 면적 기준으로 시험한 방법은 반복실험결과 재현성과 경향성이 없었으나, 접착층만을 고려하여 시험편의 개수를 정하여 측정한 경우에는 재현성과 경향성을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.253-264
• /
• 2019

This study characterized the chemical compounds in tannin from mangium (Acacia mangium) bark extract and determined the physical-mechanical properties of glued laminated timber (glulam) made from sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and mangium wood. The adhesives used to prepare the glulam were based on mangium tannin and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde resin. Five-layer glulam beams measuring $5cm{\times}6cm{\times}120cm$ in thickness, width, and length, respectively, were made with a glue spread of $280g/m^2$ for each glue line, cold pressing at $10.5kgf/cm^2$ for 4 h and clamping for 20 h. Condensed mangium tannin consisted of 49.08% phenolic compounds with an average molecular weight of 4745. The degree of crystallinity was 14.8%. The Stiasny number was 47.22%. The density and the moisture content of the glulams differed from those of the corresponding solid woods with mangium having the lowest moisture content (9.58%) and the highest density ($0.66g/cm^3$). The modulus of rupture for all glulam beams met the JAS 234-2003 standard but the modulus of elasticity and the shear strength values did not. Glulam beams made with tannin had high delamination under dry and wet conditions, but glulam made from sengon and jabon wood met the standard's requirements. All glulam beams had low formaldehyde emissions and were classified as $F^{****}$ for formaldehyde emissions according to the JAS 234 (2003) standard.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 마루판의 천연무늬단판 접착에 이용되고 있는 요소-멜라민 접착제의 수지조성에 따른 접착성능 및 포름알데히드 방출량의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 요소에 멜라민에 대한 포름알데히드의 몰비 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.4를 기준으로 제조된 접착제로 마루판용 합판과 섬유판에 천연무늬단판을 접착한 목질마루판에 의해 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 화학양론적으로 멜라민-요소와 포름알데히드간의 비율이 적정한 조건에서 반응이 충분히 일어난 경우에 상태접착력, 준내수접착력, 포름알데히드 방출량 등이 가장 양호하게 나타났다. 복합마루판의 평면인장강도는 각 몰비에서 14 kgf/cm²를 상회하였으며, 포름알데히드 방출량은 1.0몰비에서 9.53 mg/L로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 합판마루판의 평면인장 접착력 시험에서는 1.4몰비에서 14.02 kgf/cm²로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 합판마루판의 포름알데히드 방출량 조사에서도 1.0목비에서 0.26 mg/L로 가장 낮게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 1973

This study was carried out to examine the characeristics of waste sanders(S)from. plywood and pre-finishing plywood surface sanding and double saw finishing, as a new extander in urea-formaldehyde resin(UFR) in plywood adhesive, and to focus, adhesive strength using the glue extended with milled sanders(MS) as extender, leveling the optimum amount of MS to be added, and examining the physical properties of glue extended MS & S. Also economical good feasibility of substitution for wheat flour(WF) with MS as a new extender is analyzed and presented in details. Selecting three standard samples of 80, 100 and 180 mesh, sorking them in distilled water at $20^{\circ}C$, 24 hours, redrying at $105^{\circ}C$ and rescreening the sample with standard screen, again, the 3 samples of 80, 100, and 180 mesh are passed 23 percent through 80 mesh sander standard sample 27 percent through on 100 mesh and only 10.9 percent through 180 mesh, respectively. The particle size of retained parts are greater in size of redried form. It seems undoubtly that particles to be extended in glue are got swollen and become greater in size and coarser in shape. The shape of fresh S particles are irregular thin needle with small scale, as shown in Figure 5. PFS are so finer than plywood S that only 9.8 percent of the S retained on 100 mest screen, 24. 30 percent on 100-160 mesh, and 65.9% on 160-180 mesh. But particle size of the fresh S is large enough to make the viscosity of glue direct extended with S too high to apply it glue spreader. The glue extended with milled sanders(MS). 3 hours milled PFS or 6 hours milled plywood S, having particle sizes shown in Tables 7 and 8, as ratio of Reain/MS/WF/water: 100/8/8/10, indicate good viscosity of 16 to 24 ps, as shown in Figure 5, for applying direct to glue spreader, have high tensile-shear strength (adhesive strength), 102.4 kp/$cm^2$, and 94 percent wood failure.