• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

The fertility rate of Korea has rapidly decreased to the lowest in the World. The fertility rate below replacement fertility level might result in many social problems. First, this study investigated the cause of low fertility rate. Second, the theories of the relationship between fertility rate and women's employment were reviewed. The previous studies suggested that the fertility rate was not always related to women's employment negatively and there was mediating factors between them. Third, the various factors that mediated the negative relationship between fertility rate and women's employment were described in personal, family and social levels. Finally, this study suggested the policies and strategies to solve the low fertility rate problem in Korea.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.122-127
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• 2007

Women's Hall is a local facility that supports women's activities in the community and has the purpose in establishing self-support for low-income women and women's participation in society. Its functions are largely separated into social welfare, education, culture, and community services. The purpose of this study is to highlight and discuss the characteristics of space for community functions among other functions of Women's Hall. It has investigated and analyzed ten cases in total of all the women's halls that have opened since 1995. The examples selected for study have been analyzed in terms of the functions of each community space, layout of the rooms, finishing materials, and colors. The result of the study indicates that social demand for women's halls is changing. However, the characteristics of the space or the environment are incapable of accommodating the change. In order for the women's halls that will open in the future to perform acceptable community functions, they need to determine the degree of satisfaction and preference of the users and come up with a specific proposal for improvement.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.431-446
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the gender role changes of Korean women reflected on their costumes during 20th century. To analyze the diachronic gender role changes, social environments(education, job, economy, family systems, mass-media) of 20 th century were inquired by 10 years and comparatively analyzed with 680 images of representative costumes each periods. The results are as followed. 1) $1900s{\sim}1910s$: The most representative women's gender role was a wise mother and good wife. Therefore the adopted western costume, a symbol of civilization, were represented women as a passive and sexual object of man. 2) $1920s{\sim}1930s$: 'Shin Yeosung(Modern Girl)' was the representative gender role of that time. They were the symbol of enlightenment and new education. Their costumes influenced to the changes of traditional Hanbok in functional side. 3) $1940s{\sim}1950s$: In World War II. a strong and stubborn women were wanted to support their family. They threw feminity and changed their costumes into an active and functional 'Mombbe'. 4) $1960s{\sim}1970s$: Women asserted Gender equality and resisted the traditional women's gender role. Mini Skirts and Unisex costumes were symbolic costumes reflecting the changes. 5) 1980s: The self confidence of women's gender role affected the androgynous look and body-conscious look in modern fashion. 6) $1990s{\sim}2000s$: Now, the dichotomy of gender role is not no longer effective way to understand the social changes and fashion trend rather than personal characteristics and lifestyle trends.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2015

This paper focused to classify the consumption stress coping types among married women consumers and to investigate the differences of socio-economic variables, social class, perceived health status, and consumption stress among coping types. Data were collected from 500 married women through online surveys in South Korea. Two factors of consumption stress(consumption stress before purchase, consumption stress after purchase), and three factors of consumption stress coping(Social support coping, problem solving focused coping, Passive avoidance coping) were identified. K-mean cluster analysis classified into 4 coping types with consumption stress coping. 15% of the sample were included to the passive coping type, and 25% were classified into the ambivalent coping type. 26.8% of the sample were identified to the active coping type, and 35.2% were maladaptive coping type. There were significant differences among the consumption stress coping types on education, family income, social class, health status, consumption stress after purchase. Consumer education programs should develop and implement especially for passive coping type and maladaptive coping type to cope effectively with consumption stress.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.587-599
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare abdomen-fat rate, life style and social-support between normal weight women and obese women. Method: 304 women objectives from their 30 to 59 years of age were selected living in Je-chon city, Chung-Buck province and their height and weight were measured from April 1st to June 30th, 2003. Data were classified into low-weight group ($18.5kg/m^2$), normal-weight group ($18.5{\sim}22.9kg/m^2$), over weight group ($23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2$), and obese group ($25kg/m^2$) following the Korean Conference of Obesity, 2001. in which 119 people in the normal weight group and 91 people in the obese group, i.e. total 210 people were analyzed in sequence. Using SPSS Win 10.1 Program, frequency and percentile, and by ANOVA, $X^2-test$ and t-test were treated. Results: The average age of obese women was 46.68 distributing 40.7% of forties and 39.6% of fifties while normal-weight women were average 41.73-year old distributing 53.8% of forties and 34.5% of thirties, which revealed aged in obese women. The body fat rate of obese women averaged $37.52{\pm}4.17%$, in which 98.9% of obese women and 21.0% of normal weight women with a more than 30% of body-fat rate resulted in a higher body-fat rate in obese women. The waists of obese women averaged $88.37{\pm}8.22cm$, in which more than 85cm showed in obese women of 68.2% and normal weight women of 7.6% indicating a higher waist-fat rate in obese women. The abdomen-fat rate of more than 0.85 of waist vs hip-fat showed 74.7% in obese women and 58.4% in normal weight women, indicating a higher abdomen-fat rate in obese women. Obese women and normal weight women showed significant differences in education level, number of children, religion, menstrual status, and mother's weight. Especially, obese women ate hotter or saltier food than normal weight women preferring meat. However, no significant differences appeared in marital status, social economic status. occupation. eating habits. smoking. drinking and physical exercise. Social support levels showed a lower rate in obese women than in normal weight women, indicating a statistically significant difference (p<.05). Observing areas of social support, obese women showed lower rates in attachment/intimacy, social integrity, opportunity of foster and confidence in value except help and instruction, which indicated a statistically significant difference (p<.05). Social support for obese women showed significant differences in age, education level, social hierarchy, religion and menstrual status. Obese women were more negative than normal weight women in health recognition, indicating a statistically significant difference (p<.01). Normal weight women showed higher health recognition when provided high social support and significantly low (p<.01) health recognition when provided low social support. However, there was no significant difference in health recognition in obese women whether high or low social support was given. The health recognition of obese women showed significant differences in age, education level, social hierarchy, number of children, menstrual status, physical exercise, eating habits, eating taste and preference of food. Conclusion: Obese women showed elder than normal-weight women, higher body-fat rate and abdomen-fat rate, lower social support, and a tendency to more negative health recognition. Therefore, providing weight-control programs for the treatment of obesity and prevention of recurrence for obese women to prevent progressing to adult disease and promote a healthy life, we suggest that better eating habits and the encouragement of regular physical exercise should be included, as well as total approachment on change of health recognition and social support would be needed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.300-313
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• 2015

본 연구는 농촌지역 여성단체의 사회복지 관련 활동이 사회적 자본 형성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아봄으로써 농촌지역 여성단체의 활성화를 도모하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 전남지역 농촌에 거주하고 있는 여성단체에 소속된 자원봉사자 250명을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 통계 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농촌지역 여성단체의 사회복지 관련활동 정도는 평균 3.36점이었고 사회적 자본형성의 정도는 3.47점으로 이들 점수 모두 중앙치인 3점보다 약간 높은 수치를 나타내 사회복지 관련 활동과 사회적 자본의 형성 정도는 비교적 높은 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 조사대상자인 여성단체 자원봉사자의 사회복지 관련 활동의 정도는 계층인식, 연령, 사회복지 활동횟수, 사회복지 활동기간에 따라 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 그리고 사회적 자본형성의 정도는 계층인식, 교육수준, 연령, 사회복지 활동횟수, 사회복지 활동기간, 사회복지 활동분야에 따라 집단 간의 차이를 보이고 있었다. 셋째, 농촌지역 여성단체의 사회복지 관련활동과 사회적 자본형성 간의 관계는 매우 밀접한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 사회적 자본형성에 대한 여성단체 자원봉사자의 사회인구학적 변인과 사회복지 관련 활동의 영향력은 복지에 대한 관심, 계층인식, 복지에 대한 태도 순으로 영향을 미치고 있었으며 이들 변인이 갖는 설명력은 46%로 매우 높았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7161-7164
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• 2013

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. This study was conducted to compare the awareness of breast cancer and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography screening among rural females in Pahang and Perak. A cross-sectional study was carried out in five selected rural districts of Pahang and Perak. Two hundred and fifty households were randomly selected and interviewed face to face using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority of residents from both states were Malay, aged between 50 and 60 years and had a secondary level of education. Malay women aged 40-49 years and women with a higher level of education were significantly more aware of breast cancer (p<0.05). About half of these women practiced BSE (60.7%) and CBE (56.1%), and 7% had underwent mammography screening. The results of this study suggest that women in Pahang and Perak have good awareness of breast cancer and that more than half practice BSE and CBE. The women's level of education appears to contribute to their level of knowledge and health behaviour. However, more effort is needed to encourage all women in rural areas to acquire further knowledge on breast cancer.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between fertility rate and the women's employment experience in household having one child, to observe the effects of related personal factor, family factor and social factor. The sample population included 276 married women in the reproductive ages(25$\~$45 years old) which are no additional pregnant or delivery after the first child birth. The major findings of the research are as follows: First, it shows some relevance between the plan of child birth and the experience of women for employment. Specially, the married women experiencing discontinuance of employment become to have a plan and motivation about the second child birth. Second, the motivations of child birth in woman of lower fertility household are related to her age, the existence of young child, and the education. Thirdly, as a result of Logit analysis, they have the plan to deliver additionally after first child birth in case of younger age and higher educational achievement than Master degree.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.115-136
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• 1995

The exploratory purpose of this study was to investigate the Honsu trend and to examine the relationships between the Honsu, marriage exchange resources and marital satisfaction from general group and also explore the differences in Honsu expenditure between the general group and the aimed group. the explanatory purpose of this study was to prove the social meaning of the Honsu as a 'productive exchange resources' using Emerson's exchange network theory. The data was collected from 800 men and women of general group and 72 men and women of aimed group within 5 years of marital duration through the questionnaire method. Major findings of the study from the general group were as follows : in general group 1. The bridegroom group expended more Honsu than bride group. Bridegroom's primary expenditure item was house expenditure, and bride's primary one was newlywed life goods. 2. The bridegroom's Honsu were influenced positively by parents'SES, bridegroom & bride's education level and bride's parents'SES. Bride's Honsu were influenced positively by parents' SES and bridegroom & bride's education level. 3. Bridegroom's marital satisfaction were influenced positively by bride's marriage need, bridegroom's marriage need, bride's physical attraction and bridegroom & bride's education level. Bride's marital satisfaction were influenced positively by bride's marriage need, bridegroom's physical attraction, bridegroom & bride's education level, bridegroom's marriage need, bridegroom's future possibilities and bridegroom's Honsu. 4. The social meaning of the Honsu was a 'productive exchange resource'. 1. The bridegrooms of aimed group expended more housing expenditure and also Honsu than the brides but there's no statistically significant differences in Honsu expenditure between the bridegrooms and the brides of aimed group. 2. The bridegrooms of aimed group expended about 3 times more money for wedding present for spouse and abut 1.2 times more for Honsu than the bridegrooms of general group. The bride of aimed group expended about 4.6 times more money for general group. the bride of aimed group expended abut 4.6 times more money about 4 times more for housing expenditure and about 3 times more for total Honsu than the brides of general group.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2017

The $4^{th}$ industrial revolution refers to an era where machines capable of outperforming humans are created. In light of the 4th industrial revolution, university students are demanded problem solving abilities, critical thinking abilities, and problem discovering abilities as general and basic abilities. The need for changes in the university level communication education for engineering students remains imperative in this constantly changing social environment. The era where education is conducted only in classrooms is over. This paper discusses the need for diversified education such as the integration of online and offline education, the reinforcement of learning outside of the classroom as well as an education model that transcends formal and informal education such as games and activities that induce self-learning, both intentional and non-intentional learning, and the utilization of mass media and social networking systems. Through providing an education model that assesses and utilizes the data gained from the learning process provided above, this paper widens the perception of future education methods in the 4th industrial revolution.