• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study examined sports injuries among national sitting volleyball players and to provide baseline data for the development of programs to prevent injuries and enhance performance. METHODS: The study surveyed 21 national team athletes (12 males and nine females) participating in the 4^th Hangzhou Asian Para Games. The questionnaire consisted of 17 items, including general information, type of disability, sites and types of sports injuries and their causes, the current state of sports injuries and the treatment and management of injuries. RESULTS: The survey results suggested that the most common injury sites were the finger, shoulder, and waist. The most frequent types of injuries were sprain, muscle cramp, and LBP. The causes were insufficient warm-up, playing unhealed and carelessness. Injuries were most prevalent during morning training and in the winter. Most injuries occurred in practice, and the actions most likely to cause injuries were blocking, spike and sitting movements. Ice and spray were the most common treatments, usually administered by the athletes themselves. Physical therapy was the most common post-injury management, and the most common sequelae involved continuing to use despite pain. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, systematic and individualized training and therapeutic support tailored to the characteristics of sitting volleyball and the types of disabilities are necessary to prevent and manage sports injuries among national players. Continuous injury management by medical staff, particularly physical therapists, is essential to maintain the health of disabled athletes.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2022

Background: The PyeongChang 2018 Winter Paralympic Games (WPG) being one of the most successful Paralympic Games (PG) in modern athletic world history, hosted the largest number of elite athletes representing 49 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs). Objects: The present investigation highlighted the demographic and clinical characteristics of injured athletes and non-athletes and the physiotherapy services provided during the PyeongChang 2018 WPG. Methods: Prospective descriptive epidemiology study, in which the study group comprised of 201 participants (51 athletes and 150 non-athletes) who were admitted to and utilized the polyclinic physiotherapy service of 2018 PyeongChang WPG in Physiotherapy Department of Paralympic Village from March 1, 2018 to March 20, 2018. Results: Qualitative frequency analysis of injury type demonstrated highest number of chronic injuries (51%, n = 100) in athletes and non-athletes. Anatomical injury site analysis revealed that the spine and shoulder areas were affected with equal frequency for athletes (54.9%, n = 14), whereas for non-athletes, the frequencies of spine and shoulder area injuries were 36.7% (n = 55) and 26% (n = 39), respectively. The Pyeongchang WPG showed a high rate of athletes visiting the physiotherapy service during the pre-competition period (33.3%, n = 50), which may have led to smaller incidence rate of traumatic injury. The physiotherapy treatment service analysis demonstrated that manual therapy (35.4%, n = 230) was most commonly utilized, followed by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation/interference current therapy (TENS/ICT), therapeutic massage and therapeutic exercise. Conclusion: We established the importance of prophylactic and preventive physiotherapy services to reduce the risk of sports injuries during WPG.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.919-927
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• 1996

Recently sports injuries are increasing due to the development of sports leisure industries as well as the increase of exercising population, and the study for sports injuries is needed more than before. Then the author studied the reasons for injuries, incidence rate, sites and sorts of sports injuries for the middle and high school football players during one year period from Jan. to Dec. 1994. The study subjects were 319 middle and high school players in Pusan and the method was questionnaire method. The results were as follows; 1. The average injury rate due to football play was 3.3 times per person for the 319 subjects during the last one year, and it was highest in goalkeeper as 4.6 times by position. 2. 68 % of the subjects did not receive periodic health examination, 74.9 % wore body protectors. The sports injuries due to football play occurred most commonly in soil play-ground(79.6 %), during training(52.3 %), and in winter time(33.7 %). 3. The commonly occurred injuries by motion were coalition(39.2 %), tackle(12.9 %), dribble (11.4 %) in order; those by sorts were contusion(34.4 %), sprain (32.9 %), spasm(9.0 %) ; and those by body portions lower extremities(82 %), trunk(17.6 %), upper extremities(12.5 %). 4. The frequently used treatment area was home care as in 42.7 % ; treatment methods were physical therapy, acupuncture/moxacautery, rest, operation in order; choices of treatment method were recommendation by coach/manager, and that by medical professional was the lowest as in 2.2 %. 5. If sports injury occurred during play, coach or manager let the players take rest in 56.2 %, but emergent management by medical professional was done only in 1.9 %. The return to play was decided mostly by the player himself(52.8 %), but that decided by a doctor was only in 1.0 %. In conclusion, to lessen the sports injuries due to football play, annual physical check-up, strengthening of play rules, improvement of playground, conditioning exercise, regulation of body protectors, and preventive training for expected injuries behaviors should be done and the decision to return to play and emergent management should be done by a medical professional as well. Football player, sports injury, injured body portions, sorts of injury, treatment method.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe sports injuries among elderly people and to compare physical activity, perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy between elderly people who had experienced a sports injury and elderly people who hadn't. Methods: The sample of this study were 100 elderly in Korea, 51 of whom had had a sports injury. The study used questionnaires to gather data. There were 8 demographic factors, 4 factors related to physical activity, perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy of the subjects. Data were analyzed by frequencies, chi-square test, and t-test. Result: Among the sports injured elders, one occurrence of a sport injury was 86.3%. There were more outdoor than indoor sports injuries of elders (66.7%), and sports injuries of elders occurred more in the winter (82.7%). The major cause of the sports injuries was loss of balance. Ankles were frequently damaged from these injuries. The most significant change after the sports injury was reduction of physical activity (60.8%). There were significant differences between sports injured elderly and non-injured elderly for age (${\chi}^2=2.58$, p=.011) and the amount of physical activity (t=1.96, p=.050), but there was no significant difference in perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy. Conclusion: To prevent sports injuries in the elderly means to maintain a medium level of physical activity and to improve their balance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide in winter cereal crops, barley and wheat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides, linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR was greater than that of butachlor EC. Linuron EC controlled average 95% and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR controlled average 97% within 150 days after soil-applied treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR. The yield of barley increased in linuron EC and wheat increased in pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR treatments when compared with butachlor EC. The efficacy of foliage treatment, bentazone+propanil ME was greater than that of bentazone SL. Bentazone+propanil ME controlled average 96% in barley and 97% in wheat, within 30 days after foliage treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of bentazone+propanil ME. The yield of barley and wheat increased in bentazone+propanil ME treatments when compared with bentazone SL. Based on these data, combinations of these herbicides could be applied to provide effective weed management in barley and wheat field.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.20-25
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• 2021

[Purpose] The aim of this review was to discuss the effects of vitamin D on physical performance and musculoskeletal injuries in athletes and provide information on the field applications of vitamin D. [Methods] A systematic review was conducted to identify studies on vitamin D in athletes that assessed serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D and physical performance, vitamin D and musculoskeletal injuries, and practical guidelines for supplementation of vitamin D. [Results] Several studies reported that a high proportion of athletes had vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. Low serum levels of vitamin D in athletes were more pronounced in winter than in other seasons, and indoor athletes had lower serum vitamin D levels than outdoor athletes. Low vitamin D levels have been demonstrated to have negative effects on muscle strength, power, and endurance; increase stress fractures and other musculoskeletal injuries; and affect acute muscle injuries and inflammation following high-intensity exercises. Therefore, periodic assessment and monitoring of vitamin D levels are necessary in athletes; the recommended serum level of 25(OH)D is > 32 ng/mL and the preferred level is > 40 ng/mL (-1). In those with low levels of vitamin D, exposure to sunlight and an improved diet or supplements may be helpful. Particularly, 2000-6000 IU of supplemental vitamin D3 can be consumed daily. [Conclusion] Vitamin D is a potential nutritional factor that can significantly affect physical performance and musculoskeletal injuries in athletes. The importance and role of vitamin D in athletes should be emphasized, and the current levels of vitamin D should be assessed. Therefore, it is essential to periodically evaluate and monitor serum vitamin D levels in athletes.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.292-297
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• 2013

Winter turfgrass injury is one of the critical problems of many golf courses in Korea. Turfgrass loss from freezing injury due to low temperature leads to many types of damages including weed invasion, increased herbicide cost, increased soil erosion, and expensive re-establishment. Although Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) which is the most widely used among cool-season grasses in Korea is well known as cold tolerance species, freezing injuries to Kentucky bluegrass during winter are often found. Protecting the turfgrass crown is necessary to recover from low temperature stress in winter because shoots and roots can be recovered from the crown. Turf covers may protect the crowns from direct low temperatures and desiccation. Six different turf covers were installed to cover Kentucky bluegrass during a period of low temperatures. Turf covers had positive effects for spring green-up of Kentucky bluegrass based on the study. Applying any type of turf covers on Kentucky bluegrass resulted in an increase average and minimum temperature compared to the uncovered plot. Among turf covers, clear PVC film without holes produced the longest root length and the highest turfgrass quality.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2005

With the introduction of working 5 days a week, people who are participating in sports activity has been increased so rapidly, therefore sports related injuries also has continued to grow. Among winter sports, snowboard has been gaining popularity among adolescents and young adults. But, snowboard related injuries, especially spinal injuries, has been rarely documented. We report a case of lumbar compression fracture following snowboard injury.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.40.1-40.7
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• 2019

Background: Through the analysis of clinical data, we attempted to investigate the etiology and determine the risk of severe iatrogenic lingual nerve injuries in the removal of the mandibular third molar. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who had undergone microsurgical repair of lingual nerve injuries. The following data were collected and analyzed: patient sex, age, nerve injury side, type of impaction (Winter's classification, Pell and Gregory's classification). Ratios for the respective lingual nerve injury group data were compared with the ratios of the respective data for the control group, which consisted of data collected from the literature. The data for the control group included previous patients that encountered various complications during the removal of the mandibular third molar. Results: The lingual nerve injury group consisted of 24 males and 58 females. The rate of female patients with iatrogenic lingual nerve injuries was significantly higher than the control groups. Ages ranged from 15 to 67 years, with a mean age of 36.5 years old. Lingual nerve injury was significantly higher in the patient versus the control groups in age. The lingual nerve injury was on the right side in 46 and on the left side in 36 patients. There was no significant difference for the injury side. The distoangular and horizontal ratios were the highest in our lingual nerve injury group. The distoangular impaction rate in our lingual nerve injury group was significantly higher than the rate for the control groups. Conclusion: Distoangular impaction of the mandibular third molar in female patients in their 30s, 40s, and 50s may be a higher risk factor of severe lingual nerve injury in the removal of mandibular third molars.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.145-157
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• 2017

Purpose: We accessed epidemioloy of 908 acute burns (7 years) in the military, of injuries and propose proper educational programs to suit community. Methods: We surveyed burn demographics, circumstances of injuries, size, result of treatment. Results: The mean age was 20.6 years. The flame burns (FB) (325, 35.8%) were most common, followed scald (SB) (305, 33.6%), contact (CB) (219, 24.1%), electric (EB) (45, 5.0%) and chemical burns (ChB) (14, 1.5%). The more occurred during winter (29.7%). SB had mean 3.9% total body surface area (TBSA). The 251 (82.3%) had superficial burns by spillage of hot water/food on lower limbs (45.6%), feet (33.8%) in summer (34.8%), treated with simple dressing (92.8%). Morbidity rate was 5.6%; post traumatic stress disease (PTSD) (0.7%). FB had large wound (9.3% TBSA). The 209 (64.3%) had superficial burns by ignition to flammable oils (31.7%) and bomb powders (29.2%) on head/neck (60.3%), hands (58.6%) in summer (31.7%), autumn (30.2%). They underwent simple dressing (83.4%) and skin graft (16.0%). Morbidity rate was 18.8%; PTSD (10.5%), inhalation injuries (4.0%), corneal injury (3.7%), amputations (0.9%), and mortality rate (1.2%). CB had small (1.1% TBSA), deep burns (78.5%) by hotpack (80.4%) on lower limbs (80.4%). The more (59.8%) underwent skin graft. EB had 6.8% TBSA. The 29 (64.4%) had superficial burns by touching to high tension cable (71.1%) on hand (71.1%), upper limbs (24.4%) in autumn (46.8%). They underwent simple dressing (71.1%) and skin graft (24.4%). They showed high morbidity rate (40.0%); loss of consciousness (13.3%), nerve injuries (11.1%), neuropathy (8.9%), amputations (2.2%), and mortality rate (2.2%). Conclusions: The cook should wear apron over the boots during work. The lighter or smoking should be strictly prohibited during work with flammable liquids or bomb powders. Don't directly apply hotpack to skin for a long time. Use insulating glove during electric work. Keep to the basic can prevent severe injury and proper education is important.