• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Bio-based plastics containing the biomass content higher than 25 wt% have been considered as environment-friendly materials due to their effects on the reduction in the $CO_2$ emission and petroleum consumption as well as biodegradability after use. In this study, poly vinyl chloride, plant-derived plasticizers, by adding a biodegradable catalyst was observed a change in the biodegradability and physical properties. To produce the oxidative decomposition transparent bio film, which is broken down in the initial percent elongation and physical properties such as tensile strength, it was to test the safety of the product as a food packaging material. Poly vinyl chloride, primary plasticizer, secondary plasticizer, anti fogging agent, the combined stabilizer were mixed in a high speed mixer, then extruded using an extrusion molding machine, after cooling, winding, to produce a oxidative decomposition transparent bio film and the control film, with a thickness of $12{\mu}m$ through winder role. Mechanical properties tensile strength, elongation, and the maximum load elongation and biodegradation test. Transparent bio film produced by biodegradation catalyst is compared with the control film. Tensile strength and elongation of films were found to be no significant difference. Further, as a result of the biodegradation test for 45 days based on the ASTM D6954-04 method, biodegrability of film is 61.4%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1112-1118
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• 2009

In the present study, the effects of muddy water were compared and examined on the fish inhabiting Imha reservoir, E. erythropterus, H. labeo and Z. platypus in Cypriniformes, S. asotus in Siluriformes and S. scherzeri in Perciformes. In the gills of fish in muddy water, the secondary lamellae of fish in Cypriniformes showed more irregular gaps and more winding than those in Siluriformes and Perciformes. Also, the edema and detachment of epithelial cells was more detected in the gills in Cypriniformes, but clubbing was frequently detected in Perciformes and Siluriformes. Also, we found that muddy debris and minute particles attached to lamellae were frequently detected in Perciformes and Cypriniformes. The glomerulus in the kidney was much more constricted in Z. platypus in Cypriniformes. As a result, it is proposed that fish in Cypriniformes are more affected by muddy water. In the changes of blood components, which might be affected by muddy water, the concentrations of TP, ALB, TG, CHOL and A/G ratio, were high in Cypriniformes, and inorganic matters were abundant in Siluriformes. In addition, AST activity was relatively higher than ALT and both activities were higher in Cypriniformes than in Siluriformes. Taken together, the change in blood plasma may be caused by the reduction in voracity in the wake of muddy water, which results in tissue damage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.132-142
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• 2014

This study is the first stage to identify distinctive characteristics of American Romantic Garden compared to English Romantic Garden. The purpose of the study is to identify characteristics of transitional garden in the early period of America by analyzing of Paca garden, Mount Vernon and Monticello when English Naturalistic Garden was firstly imported. The analysis studied historical background, people who designed garden, formal garden and characteristics of natural garden through reference. Also based on data through reference and field research, spatial configuration and garden factors of each site were analyzed. In spatial configuration, straight line and curve line, formal terrace and natural slope, visible axis and invisible axis, symetric and asymmetric, and perspective and oblique perspectives were used as analyzing factors. As a result of analysis, each garden showed different type from that of formal gardens from colony period, which is natural garden of asymmetric garden(English natural garden) coexisted. Paca garden which planned formal garden and natural garden in each space showed characteristics of each space, but in formal garden residential axis and garden axis does not coincide which shows it is out of formal garden type. Such phenomena and the fact that naturalistic garden coexist in the same garden shows that the formal garden type from early days in US is starting to change in different types. Mount Vernon garden, similar to Paca garden, was designed to have two different types of gardens in harmony rather than divide the space into different space and design it. It adapted serpent walkway but shows symmetric by central axis and considered formalistic plan through same materials. However through terrace in hills and spatial plan of oblique perspective, one could observe that naturalistic type was beginning to settle in US gardens. Through Monticello analysis, space was designed with major characteristics of naturalistic garden which is serpent walkway, ornamental farm, winding flower bed grove and bush and oblique perspective, and it completely duplicates characteristics of naturalistic garden which could not be found in gardens imported from UK.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-45
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze the process of the struggle and bargaining for the change of the employment position of the irregular (in-house subcontracted) workers being at work in the Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) plants into the status of the regular employee of the company, and evaluate the results and limitation of the irregular workers' movement. Since the unionization of irregular workers in 2003, they have carried on the struggle against and the bargaining with the HMC, over the past 10 years and more, making claims for abolishing 'illegal temporary agency work' and for converting their positions into the regular ones. The HMC have gradually altered a confrontational stance against the workers' claim at the early stage, into the bargaining relationship with irregular workers' union. Eventually, the collective agreement on the 'special hiring' of about six thousands irregular workers by the HMC was reached in 2016. We attempt to analyze in depth the overall process by dividing three phases of the movement, according to the criteria of the relationship between the alliance and conflict system, and the cycle of protests of irregular workers. Furthermore, we try to trace the long and winding path of the movement, focusing on the cooperation/conflict relationship within the movement's alliance system, the confrontation/bargaining relationship between the movement and the conflict system, and the critical roles played by mediators (or third parties) between two systems. In the conclusion of the paper, we evaluate the results and limitation of the irregular workers' movement upon the basis of the following points; the convergence of the workers' demands into the prime goal of 'becoming HMC's regular employee,' the breakaway of regular workers' union from the movement's alliance system, and a virtual extinction of irregular workers' union after the final labor-management agreement of 2016.