• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 1989

The objective of this study was to investigate the contents of some minerals in vegetable foods by a highly sensitive Neutron Activation Analysis. Chinese Chives, Amaranth, Mugwort, Ginger, Garlic, Root of bellflower, Cultured Duduk, Wild Duduk and Cortinellus-edodes were chosen as experimental materials for this study. The contents of potassium, copper, molybdenum, and bromum were 7099.1mg%, 104.8 ppm, 45.4ppm and 40.4ppm in Chinese Chives. Chinese Chives, Amaranth and Mugwort were more abundant with iron, coppr and cobalt other than vegetable foods. The ratio of sodium to potassium for Chinese Chives was 1 to 796, for Mugwort : 1 to 147 and for Garlic : 1 to 148. As the Neutron Activation Analysis Technique was able to detect gold, samarium, bromum, lanthanum and scandium from vegetable foods, this technique is very useful to analyse the infinitestimal elements in foods.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.92-102
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• 2018

The objectives of this study were to find out the plant to enhance immune activity among 42 kinds of foods frequently consumed by the Korean elderly consisting of 5 food groups and 5 wild plants. Each sample was assessed the immunoactive effect by measuring $NF-{\kappa}B/AP1$ gene expression, nitric oxide and cytokine production in $RAW-Blue^{TM}$ cell. Soybean sprouts of 47 plants showed the highest $NF-{\kappa}B/AP1$ gene expression at the level of $1.13{\pm}0.03$ (O.D. 650 nm) and Soritae, sweet potato, banana, apple, garlic, crown daisy, cabbage and Ailanthus altissima also had high activity of $NF-{\kappa}B/AP1$ gene in $RAW-Blue^{TM}$ cell stimulated by LPS. NO production of Ailanthus altissima was significantly higher than that of other plants and 16 plants of glutinous sorghum, black rice, Seoritae, Heuktae, sweet potato, banana, apple, garlic, mungbean sprouts, spinach, crown daisy, young pumpkin, cabbage, soybean sprouts, Actinidia arguta and Aster scaber were the next best activity. The above results selected 17 out of 47 plant samples. Moreover, soybean sprouts was significantly shown to increase $TNF-{\alpha}$ ($1,509.55{\pm}1.38pg/mL$) and $IL-1{\beta}$ ($54.56{\pm}1.08pg/mL$) cytokines in comparison with RAW-Blue cell stimulated by LPS. According to the results of in vitro evaluation, the ethanol extract of soybean sprout increased the production of immune-enhancing cytokines by proliferation of macrophages. In addition, $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcription factor activity and NO production ability were excellent, and it was selected as a material having excellent immunological activity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.495-501
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to find out the dormancy physiology, method of softening culture and evaluation of nutritional value of wild garlic, Ulrung-native Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum. In March, a new bulbs, the shoot and bulbs began to develop until the bulbs showed their complete dormant states in late August. The bulbs renewed to another one in every years. When shoots germinated about $1{\sim}2\;cm$ from mother bulbs, the soft tissues in the mother bublbs was degenerated and finally remained as only fiberous tissues unlike the other bulbaceous plants. There was a high inhibiting activities like ABA in the bulbs. This is believed that this inhibiting substance like ABA in the bulbs is related to the dormancy of wild garlic. Although the immatured bulbs, harvested at May and June, was treated with chilling for 90 days, it didn't germinate their shooting, but the matured bulbs, harvested at July and August, could germinate their shooting over 1 cm in 75 and 60 days chilling treatment, respectively. The shoot elongation was promoted by the longer chilling periods, the later harvesting day and the dark condition. The crude fiber content of leaf and stem increased at more expanded leaf and higher light intensity condition. Since the shoots, grown from germinating to leaf expanding time, had a good quality for food stuff and had less crude fibers, we supposed this period is to be most appropriate for harvesting time.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2019

The goal of this study was to characterize unrecorded wild yeasts from soils of spices plants fields and further, to elucidate its anti-demential activities and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Piskurozyma taiwanensis R4-1 (NIBRFGC000502619), Nadsonia starkeyi-henricii R6-2 (NIBRFGC000502618), and Canadida friedrichii M12-6 (NIBRFGC000502615) isolated from soil of garlic field represented newly recorded yeast strains in Korea. Vishniacozyma peneaus I2-9 (NIBRFGC000502617) and Cryptococcus aspenensis I21-1 (NIBRFGC000502616) from soil of ginger field represented also newly recorded yeast strains, and microbiological characteristics of its fifteen yeast strains were investigated. All of these unrecorded yeasts exhibited oval-global shape and have ascospores except Canadida friedrichii M12-6. Piskurozyma taiwanensis R4-1 and Canadida friedrichii M12-6 grew well in vitamin-free medium, and Piskurozyma taiwanensis R4-1 was halotolent growing in 10% NaCl-containing yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) broth. After prepared cell-free of the unrecorded wild yeasts, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities as anti-dementia activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity as whitening activity were determined. Cell-free extract from Canadida friedrichii M12-6 had the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 14.4%.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.457-468
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• 2022

It has been demonstrated that APPL1 (adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1) is involved in the regulation of several growth-related signaling pathways and thus closely associated with the development and progression of some cancers. Diallyl trisulfide (DAT), a garlic-derived bioactive compound, exerts selective cytotoxicity to various human cancer cells through interfering with pro-survival signaling pathways. However, whether and how DAT affects survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells remain unclear. Herein, we tested the hypothesis of the involvement of APPL1 in DAT-induced cytotoxicity in HCC HepG2 cells. We found that Lys 63 (K63)-linked polyubiquitination of APPL1 was significantly decreased whereas phosphorylation of APPL1 at serine residues remained unchanged in DAT-treated HepG2 cells. Compared with wild-type APPL1, overexpression of APPL1 K63R mutant dramatically increased cell apoptosis and mitigated cell survival, along with a reduction of phosphorylation of STAT3, Akt, and Erk1/2. In addition, DAT administration markedly reduced protein levels of intracellular TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Genetic inhibition of TRAF6 decreased K63-linked polyubiquitination of APPL1. Moreover, the cytotoxicity impacts of DAT on HepG2 cells were greatly attenuated by overexpression of wild-type APPL1. Taken together, these results suggest that APPL1 polyubiquitination probably mediates the inhibitory effects of DAT on survival of HepG2 cells by modulating STAT3, Akt, and Erk1/2 pathways.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.104-110
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• 1977

Vegetables are liberally taken to enhance the mineral, vitamin, and rouphage value of the diet. And calcium is an essential mineral at all ages, although the daily requirement varies with physiological status of the individual. On the other hand, oxalic acid is an unwanted constituent of several clinical disorders. It is therefore necessary to take into account the calcium as well as the oxalic acid content of the various calcium, foods. Oxalic acid, calcium, calcium/oxalic acid ratio and available calcium have been determined in 31 kinds of the Korean common vegetables. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The highest content of oxalic acid has been recorded in Amaranth. spinach and beet. It is respectively 1,100mg%, 619mg%, 550mg% in fresh sample. It is comparatively high in Leek, leavels of perilla, Mugwort, Chyi-leaves, green red pepper, Burdock. 2. Many vegetables have been calculated as below 2.0 in the calcium/oxalic acid ratio. 3. Avaiable calciumis much in Malaolitoria, Lettuce, Green onion whole, Green garlic, Wild onion, Cabbage and Radish root. 4. A food calendar is suggested as a guide to the proper selection of food items for normal individuals and for those suffering from urolithiasis, cardiovascular disease or calcium deficiency status.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.608-615
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• 2015

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used as both food and medicine in many cultures for thousands of years. Garlic cultivars are completely sterile and propagated through vegetative method. Collection of a large number of fertile accessions of these genus is needed to explore genetic variability. In order to investigate genetic variation among Allium species and its possibilities for direct cultivation in Korea, we characterized 12 accessions of A. longicuspis, flowering wild garlic which had collected from Central Asia, the main center of garlic diversity. Most of A. longicuspis accessions showed higher over-wintering and bolting rate, longer scape length and more number of bulbils than Korean landraces cultivar, Danyang and Euiseong, but A. longicuspis accessions exhibited smaller size of bulbs and bulbils. Most accessions of A. longicuspis had more number of cloves per bulb, except K229596 and K248824 than Korean landraces. All the accessions of A. longicuspis from Central Asia had complete bolters having many flowers and topsets in umbel. Further studies of A. longicuspis should focus on securing true seeds through removal of topsets and crosses among accessions to create the genetic variability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.601-612
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• 2003

In Korean history, vegetables were the major side dishes of meals and originally korean diets were based on vegetables. But recently people prefer meat dishes rather than vegetables and traditional vegetable cooking seems to be disappeared. So it is needed to be positioning the importance of vegetables in food culture of Korean. In present study, history of vegetable eating was reviewed and recent consumption pattern were analyzed. 1. Since the era of the three Kingdom's and Koryo dynasty, the kinds of vegetables varied and at Chosun Dynasty people used similar kinds of vegetables as nowadays except a few things. A Garlic and mug wort had been used from the age of tribes to present and an egg, apple, cucumber, lettuce from the three Kingdom and a bamboo sprout, a taro, a burdock, a radish, a turnip, a stone-leek, a scallion, a Chinese cabbage, a marsh mallow, a spinach and a crown daisy from Koryo Dynasty and a pepper, a pumpkin, a tomato, a cabbage, a salary, a kale, a turnip and a beet from Chosun Dynasty to present. A guard, a water shield plant, a yam and wild plants would have been used before but they would not use any more. 2. Current vegetable consumptions of Korean is 232.2kg/person/yr and comparing with world mean consumption(101.9kg), Koreans still eat the largest amount of vegetables than any other countries and among Asian countries, Koreans consume more vegetables than China(203.5kg) and Japanese people(111.6kg) do. 3.The most frequently consumed vegetables were vegetables for seasonings such as a garlic or stone-leek and for kimchi such as a Chinese cabbage, radish, and carrot. But from data of Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey(2001), kinds of vegetables which people had were only 72 items showing that the kinds of vegetables were limited. 4. A lot of wild plants that would have been used for famine relief are now disappeared and on the other hand, it is increasing of some new and foreign vegetables and herbs. Cooking methods and intake pattern of vegetables are changed and varied so a traditional cooking method such as namuel is less preferred than before. But vegetable wrapping and green vegetable juice, eating uncooked vegetables(sang-sik) are very popular.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2018

산마늘은 마늘과 같이 독특한 향이 있어 입맛을 돋우며 웰빙식품으로 3월 중순에서 5월초에 채취하여 생채로 쌍을 먹거나 김치, 절임으로 생산되어 판매된다. 산마늘의 부가가치 향상을 위하여 살균소독 세척과 소포장용 필름포장방법을 구명하고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 산마늘을 살균소독 세척수(수돗물, 0.2% 구연산 침지 후 50% 에탄올 분무처리)로 2분 세척하고 원심탈수 후, 포장필름은 $30{\mu}m$ oriented polypropylene (OPP), $30{\mu}m$ OPP 필름을 기본재료로 산소투과율 $5,000cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ (OPP_5)로 조정한 필름, $30{\mu}m$ micro perforated polypropylene (MPP) 필름에 밀봉하고, $30{\mu}m$ OPP필름에 개봉 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 42일 저장하였다. 산마늘은 구연산 침지 후 에탄올 분무세척 후 세척 전 보다 일반세균수가 1.5 log CFU/g 감소되었으며 수돗물 세척 후는 0.1 log CFU/g 정도 감소하여 수돗물 보다 구연산 침지 후 에탄올 분무에 의해 균수 감소효과가 보다 컸으며 저장기간이 경과한 후에도 그러한 경향은 유지되었다. 저장 35일 후 세척수에 관계없이 OPP 개봉과 MPP 밀봉 포장에서 의해 산마늘의 황화율과 부패율이 높게 나타났으며 OPP 밀봉에서 이취 발생 지수가 OPP_5 밀봉보다 높게 나타났다. 세척 및 포장처리에 의한 종합선도의 제한요인은 황화, 이취 및 부패취 발생 지수로 이를 종합하였을 때 산마늘의 상품성 향상을 위하여 소포장 하는 경우 구연산 침지 후 에탄올 분무 방법으로 세척한 다음 원심탈수하여 OPP_5필름으로 포장하는 것이 품질 향상에 적합하였으며 40일 이상 저장이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

This study was to investigate the perception about the popularization of temple food, known as health food and adult disease prevention food as an object of total 248 residents in Youngnam region. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows. This study has found out that the advantages of temple food showed the statistical significant difference according to the gender, age, and size of family (p<0.01). The reason 'because of health food' (66.7%) had such high percentage. The necessity of popularization of temple food had big difference according to the gender and age (p<0.01). In addition, this study has shown the statistical significant difference in the cooking form for popularization by age, and future improvement for popularization by age and size of family (p<0.001). And, this study has found out that the 'traditional way as it is' (57.3%) was high in the cooking form, and 'use of various materials' (27.4%) in the improvement. Furthermore, the necessity of using meat for temple food had significant difference according to the gender and age, and 'need' (33.9%) showed rather higher tendency. The necessity of using osinchae, five forbidden pungent roots like garlic, green onions, Korean leeks, wild chives, and asafetida had significant difference according to the gender, age and size of family (p<0.05, P<0.001). The 'need' (61.3%) was considerably high. Based on the above results, general customers thought that the need for popularization of temple food and use of osinchae was very positive.